Tresu Investment Holding A/S
Venusvej 44
DK-6000 Kolding
Central Business Reg. No.: 37 55 37 27  
Annual Report 2023  
The Annual General Meeting adopted the Annual Report on 18.03.2024  
Chairman of the General Meeting  
Name: Jean-Marc Lechêne  
_________________________________  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
1
Contents  
Entity details .......................................................................................................................................................2  
Statement by Management on the Annual Report...............................................................................................3  
Independent auditor´s report...............................................................................................................................4  
Management commentary.................................................................................................................................10  
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income...........................................................................................20  
Consolidated balance sheet...............................................................................................................................21  
Consolidated statement of changes in equity....................................................................................................23  
Consolidated cash flow statement.....................................................................................................................24  
Notes to consolidated financial statements .......................................................................................................25  
Parent statement of comprehensive income...................................................................................................................72  
Parent balance sheet..........................................................................................................................................73  
Parent statement of changes in equity...............................................................................................................75  
Parent cash flow statement................................................................................................................................76  
Notes to the parent financial statement...........................................................................................................................77  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
2
Entity details  
Entity  
Tresu Investment Holding A/S
Venusvej 44
DK-6000 Kolding
Denmark  
Central Business Registration No.: 37 55 37 27  
Registered in: Kolding
Financial period: 01.01.2023 - 31.12.2023  
Phone: +45 76323500  
Web site: www.tresu.com  
Board of Directors  
Jean-Marc Lechêne, chairman  
Ola Harald Erici  
Søren Dan Johansen  
Stephan Plenz  
Executive Board  
Stephan Plenz  
Torben Børsting  
Entity auditors  
PricewaterhouseCoopers  
Statsautoriseret Revisionspartnerselskab  
Central Business Registration No.: 33 77 12 31  
Herredsvej 32  
DK-7100 Vejle  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
3
Management’s Statement
The Board of Directors and Executive Board have today considered and adopted the Annual Report of Tresu
Investment Holding A/S for the financial year 1 January – 31 December 2023.
The Consolidated Financial Statements and the Parent Company Financial Statements have been prepared in
accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards as adopted by the EU and further requirements in the Danish
Financial Statements Act. Management’s Review has been prepared in accordance with the Danish Financial
Statements Act.
In our opinion, the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Parent Company Financial Statements give a
true and fair view of the financial position at 31 December 2023 of the Group and the Parent Company and of
the results of the Group and Parent Company operations and cash flows for 2023.
In our opinion, Management’s Review includes a true and fair account of the development in the operations
and financial circumstances of the Group and the Parent Company, of the results for the year and of the
financial position of the Group and the Parent Company as well as a description of the most significant risks
and elements of uncertainty facing the Group and the Parent Company.
In our opinion, the annual report of Tresu Investment Holding A/S for the financial year 1 January to 31
December 2023 with the file name tresu-2023-12-31-en.zip is prepared, in all material respects, in compliance
with the ESEF Regulation.
We recommend that the Annual Report be adopted at the Annual General Meeting.
Kolding, 18.03.2024  
Executive Board  
Stephan Plenz
Torben Børsting
CEO
CFO
Board of Directors  
Jean-Marc Lechêne
Ola Harald Erici
Søren Dan Johansen
Chairman
Stephan Plenz
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
4
Independent Auditor’s Reports
To the shareholders of Tresu Investment Holding A/S
Report on the audit of the Financial Statements
Our opinion
In our opinion, the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Parent Company Financial Statements give a
true and fair view of the Group’s and the Parent Company’s financial position at 31 December 2023 and of
the results of the Group’s and the Parent Company’s operations and cash flows for the financial year 1 January
to 31 December 2023 in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards as adopted by the EU and further
requirements in the Danish Financial Statements Act.
Our opinion is consistent with our Auditor’s Long-form Report to the Audit Committee and the Board of
Directors.
What we have audited
The Consolidated Financial Statements and Parent Company Financial Statements of Tresu Investment
Holding A/S for the financial year 1 January to 31 December 2023 comprise statement of comprehensive
income, balance sheet, statement of changes in equity, cash flow statement and notes, including material
accounting policy information for the Group as well as for the Parent Company. Collectively referred to as the
“Financial Statements”.
Basis for opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) and the additional
requirements applicable in Denmark. Our responsibilities under those standards and requirements are further
described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the Financial Statements section of our report.
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our
opinion.
Independence
We are independent of the Group in accordance with the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants’
International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (IESBA Code) and the additional ethical
requirements applicable in Denmark. We have also fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance
with these requirements and the IESBA Code.
To the best of our knowledge and belief, prohibited non-audit services referred to in Article 5(1) of Regulation
(EU) No 537/2014 were not provided.
Appointment
We were first appointed auditors of Tresu Investment Holding A/S on 23 July 2020 for the financial year 2020.
We have been reappointed annually by shareholder resolution for a total period of uninterrupted engagement
of 4 years including the financial year 2023.
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
5
Key audit matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit
of the Financial Statements for 2023. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the Financial
Statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these
matters.
Key audit matter
How our audit addressed the key audit matter
Valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets
Goodwill and brands with indefinite lifetime and In assessing the impairment test performed by
other intangible assets might be impaired due to for Management, we obtained and evaluated
Management’s future cash flow forecasts, and the
underlying process by which they were prepared
including the mathematical accuracy of the cash
flow model and agreeing future revenue growth and
profit margin assumptions to the latest Board
approved budgets and financial forecasts.
example increased competition in markets, changes
in global economy and changes in the strategy of the
Group.
Goodwill and other intangibles assets with indefinite
life is tested annually for impairment. Other
intangibles are assessed for impairment annually,
and if indicators exist, an impairment test is
performed.
Furthermore, we assessed whether the model
applied by Management comply with the
requirements of IFRS Accounting Standards.
As a result of the impairment tests, an impairment
loss DKK 125 million have been recorded in 2023.
We used our valuation specialist to assist us in
evaluating the appropriateness of key assumptions
in Management’s discount rates and the impairment
model used.
The assessment of the carrying value of intangible
assets is dependent on future cash flows and if these
are below initial expectations, there is a risk that the
assets will be impaired. The impairment tests
performed by Management contain significant
assumptions for revenue growth, profit margins and
discount rates.
We challenged the reasonableness of Management’s
future forecasts of revenue growth and profit margin
included in the cash flow forecasts in light of the
historical accuracy of such forecasts, the current
operational results and expected market
development.
We focused on this area because the impairment test
and the impairment assessment of these assets are
complex and are dependent on subjective
judgements by Management.
Finally, we assessed the adequacy of disclosures
provided by Management in the Financial
Statements.
We refer to notes 2, 13 and 14 in the Consolidated
Financial Statements.
 
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6
Recognition and measurement of contract work in
progress
We performed risk assessment procedures with the
purpose of achieving an understanding of it-systems,
business procedures and relevant controls regarding
the recognition and measurement of contract work in
progress. In respect of controls, we assessed whether
they were designed and implemented effectively to
address the risk of material misstatement.
At 31 December 2023 the carrying value of contract
work in progress of the group amounts to a net
liability of DKK 43 million (31 December 2022;
DKK 80 million) corresponding to a sales value of
contract work in progress of DKK 210 million (31
December 2022; DKK 169 million).
We assessed the accounting policies applied and the
Group’s application and interpretation of relevant
reporting standards.
In accordance with IFRS 15, revenue from contract
work is recognised over time based on the progress
towards complete satisfaction of the individual
performance obligations of the contract work
(percentage-of-completion method). The progress
(stage of completion) is determined and assessed by
the proportion of the contract costs incurred at the
balance sheet date compared to the total costs
including the estimated cost to complete the contract.
We obtained from Management an overview of the
Group’s contract work in progress at 31 December
2023 and contract work completed during the year.
Based on project risk and materiality we selected a
sample of contracts where we tested the underlying
contracts including change orders, original budget,
project report including estimate of costs to complete
and risk provision per contract.
The preparation of reliable forecasts of the total
expected contract costs involves significant
accounting estimates.
For the selected contracts, we assessed and
challenged Management’s
assumptions for
We focused on the recognition and measurement of
contract work in progress as the application of the
percentage-of-completion is complex and requires
that Management make significant accounting
estimates.
determining stage of completion including their
assessment of risk provisions and estimated profit
through interviews with CEO, CFO and project
managers responsible for the individual projects as
well as our understanding and assessment of the
contract terms and associated project risks.
We refer to note 18 in the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
7
Statement on Management’s Review
Management is responsible for Management’s Review.
Our opinion on the Financial Statements does not cover Management’s Review, and we do not express any form
of assurance conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the Financial Statements, our responsibility is to read Management’s Review and,
in doing so, consider whether Management’s Review is materially inconsistent with the Financial Statements or
our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.
Moreover, we considered whether Management’s Review includes the disclosures required by the Danish
Financial Statements Act.
Based on the work we have performed, in our view, Management’s Review is in accordance with the
Consolidated Financial Statements and the Parent Company Financial Statements and has been prepared in
accordance with the requirements of the Danish Financial Statements Act. We did not identify any material
misstatement in Management’s Review.
Management’s responsibilities for the Financial Statements
Management is responsible for the preparation of consolidated financial statements and parent company
financial statements that give a true and fair view in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards as adopted
by the EU and further requirements in the Danish Financial Statements Act, and for such internal control as
Management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from
material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the Financial Statements, Management is responsible for assessing the Group’s and the Parent
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern
and using the going concern basis of accounting unless Management either intends to liquidate the Group or
the Parent Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.
Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the Financial Statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the Financial Statements as a whole are free
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our
opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in
accordance with ISAs and the additional requirements applicable in Denmark will always detect a material
misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if,
individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of
users taken on the basis of these Financial Statements.
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
8
As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs and the additional requirements applicable in Denmark, we
exercise professional judgement and maintain professional scepticism throughout the audit. We also:
Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the Financial Statements, whether due to fraud or
error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is
sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material
misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve
collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that
are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness
of the Group’s and the Parent Company’s internal control.
Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates
and related disclosures made by Management.
Conclude on the appropriateness of Management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and based
on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that
may cast significant doubt on the Group’s and the Parent Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report
to the related disclosures in the Financial Statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our
opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report.
However, future events or conditions may cause the Group or the Parent Company to cease to continue as
a going concern.
Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the Financial Statements, including the
disclosures, and whether the Financial Statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a
manner that gives a true and fair view.
Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business
activities within the Group to express an opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements. We are
responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely
responsible for our audit opinion.
We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and
timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that
we identify during our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical
requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that
may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence and, where applicable, actions taken to eliminate threats
or safeguards applied.
From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of
most significance in the audit of the Financial Statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit
matters. We describe these matters in our auditor’s report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure
about the matter.
Report on compliance with the ESEF Regulation
As part of our audit of the Financial Statements we performed procedures to express an opinion on whether the
annual report of Tresu Investment Holding A/S for the financial year 1 January to 31 December 2023 with the
filename tresu-2023-12-31-en.zip is prepared, in all material respects, in compliance with the Commission
Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/815 on the European Single Electronic Format (ESEF Regulation) which
includes requirements related to the preparation of the annual report in XHTML format and iXBRL tagging of
the Consolidated Financial Statements including notes.
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
9
Management is responsible for preparing an annual report that complies with the ESEF Regulation. This
responsibility includes:
●
●
The preparing of the annual report in XHTML format;
The selection and application of appropriate iXBRL tags, including extensions to the ESEF taxonomy and
the anchoring thereof to elements in the taxonomy, for all financial information required to be tagged using
judgement where necessary;
●
●
Ensuring consistency between iXBRL tagged data and the Consolidated Financial Statements presented
in human-readable format; and
For such internal control as Management determines necessary to enable the preparation of an annual
report that is compliant with the ESEF Regulation.
Our responsibility is to obtain reasonable assurance on whether the annual report is prepared, in all material
respects, in compliance with the ESEF Regulation based on the evidence we have obtained, and to issue a
report that includes our opinion. The nature, timing and extent of procedures selected depend on the auditor’s
judgement, including the assessment of the risks of material departures from the requirements set out in the
ESEF Regulation, whether due to fraud or error. The procedures include:
●
●
Testing whether the annual report is prepared in XHTML format;
Obtaining an understanding of the company’s iXBRL tagging process and of internal control over the
tagging process;
●
●
Evaluating the completeness of the iXBRL tagging of the Consolidated Financial Statements including notes;
Evaluating the appropriateness of the company’s use of iXBRL elements selected from the ESEF
taxonomy and the creation of extension elements where no suitable element in the ESEF taxonomy has
been identified;
●
●
Evaluating the use of anchoring of extension elements to elements in the ESEF taxonomy; and
Reconciling the iXBRL tagged data with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
In our opinion, the annual report of Tresu Investment Holding A/S for the financial year 1 January to 31
December 2023 with the file name tresu-2023-12-31-en.zip is prepared, in all material respects, in compliance
with the ESEF Regulation.
Vejle, 18 March 2024  
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Statsautoriseret Revisionspartnerselskab
CVR no 33 77 12 31
Lars Almskou Ohmeyer
State Authorised Public Accountant
mne24817
Heidi Bonde
State Authorised Public Accountant
mne42815
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
10  
Management commentary  
2023  
2022  
2021  
2020  
2019  
DKK'000 DKK'000 DKK'000 DKK'000 DKK'000  
Key figures  
Revenue  
388.781  
(108.676)  
(188.939)  
(50.470)  
(215.231)  
470.898  
359.035  
(68.607)  
(155.229)  
(33.288)  
(165.305)  
643.218  
340.917  
23.193  
302.089  
17.160  
388.701  
27.574  
Gross profit/loss  
Operating profit/loss  
Net financials  
(51.988)  
12.302  
(63.338)  
(29.540)  
(74.673)  
815.534  
(81.794)  
(32.762)  
(90.350)  
892.590  
Profit/loss for the year  
Total assets  
(31.485)  
761.981  
Investments in property, plant  
and equipment  
3.189  
(344.765)  
(7.047)  
3.459  
(147.930)  
(17.518)  
(6.733)  
919  
(11.947)  
16.332  
1.268  
(50.713)  
13.445  
19.289  
25.479  
(7.338)  
22.140  
Equity  
EBITDA  
EBITDA excl. non-recurring items  
(2.229)  
20.281  
31.593  
Ratios  
Gross margin (%)  
Net margin (%)  
Return on equity (%)  
Equity ratio (%)  
Return on assets  
(28,0)  
(55,4)  
-
(19,1)  
(46,0)  
-
6,8  
(9,2)  
-
5,7  
(24,7)  
-
7,1  
(23,2)  
(199,3)  
2,9  
-
-
-
-
(40,1)  
(24,1)  
(6,8)  
(7,8)  
(9,2)  
Ratios  
Gross margin (%)  
Calculation formula  
Gross profit x 100  
Revenue  
The entity's operating gearing.  
Net margin (%)  
Profit/loss for the year x 100  
Revenue  
The entity's operating profitability.  
Return on equity (%)  
Equity ratio (%)  
Profit/loss for the year x 100  
Average equity  
The entity's return on capital invested in the  
entity by the owners.  
Equity x 100  
Total assets  
The financial strength of the entity.  
Profit from invested capital  
Return of assets (%)  
Profit before financials x 100  
Total assets  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
11  
Management commentary  
Group chart as per 31 December 2023  
Tresu  
Investment  
Holding A/S  
100%  
TRESU A/S  
100%  
100%  
100%  
100%  
TRESU Japan  
TRESU Vertriebs  
TRESU Royse, Inc.  
TRESU Italia S.r.l.  
Co. Ltd.  
GmbH  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
12  
Management commentary  
Primary activities
The Group develops, produces and sells custom made in-line flexo printing machines for the packaging
manufacturing industry and ancillary products for the digital, flexo and offset printing industry worldwide.
Development in activities  
In 2023 we focused on strategic initiatives to strengthen our portfolio and organization. By standardization and  
market driven innovations we are improving our platform of our core business within custom made in-line  
flexo printing machines for the packaging industry and ancillary products for the digital, flexo and offset  
printing industry worldwide and we increased our aftersales offering to build an even stronger annuity business.  
We continue the development of our people and the future organization to support the growth.  
In 2023 we continued to see postponement of customer projects due to global sourcing challenges especially  
on electrical components. Despite the postponements we are confident that the Group has a solid business  
platform focused on the packaging print segment in the Graphic Arts Industry in Americas, Europe and Asia,  
backed by strong technical competences as well as cost effective production setup in Denmark and a steamlined  
supply chain.  
Financial developments in the fiscal year 2023  
The supply chain crisis impacted the ability to complete the projects in time, even taking this into account, the  
financial results for 2023 are below expectations but according to guidance March 2024. Based on the financial  
result for 2023 we have made an impairment of DKK 125,0m. The result in the Group is impacted by supply  
crises with postponement of delivery of customer projects and critical components, and therefore the order  
backlog by end of 2023 is at DKK 207,1m. Further additional resources have been needed for a few projects.  
The projects are near completion, and we do not expect these projects to affect 2024 in a significant amount.  
Consolidated revenue for the financial year 2023 is DKK 388,8m (2022: DKK 359,0m).  
Operating profit (EBIT) for the year 2023 was DKK -188,9m (2022: DKK -155,2m).  
Average number of headcounts in the Group in 2023 was 184 FTE (2022: 169).  
Cash flow from operating activities in 2023 amounted to DKK -109,3m (2022: DKK 6,0m) and net  
investments in property, plant and equipment equaled DKK 3,2m (2022: DKK 3,5m).  
At the end of 2023, total assets were DKK 470,9m (2022: 643,2m) and total equity amounted to  
DKK -344,8m (2022: DKK -147,9m).  
Capital resources and Liquidity  
The Group has in 2023 realized a loss of DKK 215,2m and equity of the Company amounts to DKK -344,8m  
on 31 December 2023.  
On this basis, section 119 of the Companies Act regarding capital loss applies.  
In December 2023 the bondholders approved an amendment to the terms and conditions of the bonds meaning  
that payment of Interest will be made subject to a minimum Available Liquidity as defined in the Notice for  
Written Procedure. Furthermore, a loan facility of up to DKK 75,0m has been established with Altor Fund IV  
as lender of which DKK 65,0m has been provided in 2023. The budget for 2024 shows that there is sufficient  
liquidity available for continued operations, which is based, among other things, on the above, as well as an  
increase in revenue derived from the current order book and expected order intake. Predictions about the future  
are, however, associated with uncertainty, and the budget for 2024 is particularly uncertain, as a result of the  
fact that Tresu is a project company, where changes compared to what is expected can happen quickly.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
13  
Management commentary  
Overall, it is the assessment of the company's management and board of directors that the annual report for  
2023 can be submitted under the going concern premise.  
Further, it is noted that the equity is expected to be re-established with future earnings or with sale of TRESU  
A/S.  
The management will continue to assess the capital base and the need for re-establishing the equity.  
Objective and outlook  
Driven by our relentless focus on constantly improving print quality and simultaneously reducing our  
customers’ total cost of print, we expect to expand our market position as we continue to penetrate the global  
market with our Flexo Innovator machines. We predict continued consolidation within our customers in the  
Liquid Packaging, Folding Carton and Lottery Tickets industry and expect machine demand to be driven by  
both, replacements as well as new installations.  
The ancillary product segment continues to follow the general market development and support our  
development in the Aftermarket segment.  
Against this outlook the Group expects a revenue growth in the area of 15-25% and EBITDA margin in the  
area of 5-9% (adjusted for non-recurring items) as well as a negative cash flow from operating activities in  
2024.  
Expected negative cash flow is due to working capital requirements related to capital sales projects.  
Internal control  
Internal control systems are designed for reporting in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards as adopted  
by the EU and additional disclosure requirements for annual reports of listed companies. The system  
contributes to TRESU’s financial statements, providing fair presentations without material misstatements.  
Comprehensive monthly accounting data is reported from all group subsidiaries. Such data is then analyzed  
and monitored at group, company and other operational levels.  
Operating risks  
To ensure a stable supply TRESU has entered into long-term agreements with relevant sub-suppliers for the  
delivery of essential components.  
Credit risk  
The credit risks of the Group are primarily related to trade receivables and customer specific projects included  
as part contract work in progress. The major part of the Group’s products and projects are delivered to well-  
reputed, large international companies in the international packaging market.  
Credit risk is monitored on an ongoing basis, and we perform an in-depth credit assessment of new customers  
and ongoing assessment of existing customers. In recent years, no significant debtor losses have been recorded.  
Currency risks  
The consolidated financial statements are influenced by changes in exchange rates, as the result, and equity of  
the subsidiaries are converted into Danish kroner at year-end based on the average and year-end rates.  
The currency risk of the Group is primarily related to EUR and USD and mainly managed through matching  
of incoming and outgoing payment currencies, whereas active hedging e.g. instruments is only used to a limited  
extent in line with the established policy. In connection with considerations about the future financing structure  
of the Group, Management has examined various possibilities of covering risks connected with loan financing,  
cash flow in foreign currency and related interest costs.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
14  
Management commentary  
Interest rate risks  
Since the interest-bearing net liabilities have a variable interest, changes in the interest rate level may have a  
significant direct effect on the earnings. Hedging of interest rate risk is not carried out.  
Intellectual capital resources  
The competitive advantage of the Group is the development and production of leading technology printing  
machines and associated products, which entails particularly high demands on the intellectual capital resources  
both in the development and production divisions.  
It is essential that the Group can recruit, develop and retain employees with a high level of education and the  
right set of skills to maintain our high level of technical competence and innovation.  
The Group has implemented a quality management system which documents the individual methods and  
procedures to secure the critical business processes in relation to development, production and sales. The  
system is maintained and updated as part of the ISO 9001:2015 certification.  
Research and development activities  
Development activities comprise continuous development of our technology, product portfolio and  
development of new products with the ultimate objective of increasing our customers’ uptime and reducing  
their cost of operations and/or climate footprint.  
The Group’s total costs for R&D make up to approx. 1% of the revenue. We have, as in previous years, invested  
significantly in future technology in line with the requirements to support the strategy and not at least meet the  
customer’s demand  
Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
The statutory explanation of section 99 a, b and d of the Annual Accounts Act can be found in the section
below, pages 15-18.
Business model and approach to CSR
Being a global technology provider, TRESU are dedicated to offer a contribution to limiting the Group´s and
our customer’s environmental and climate footprint, fighting corruption as well as securing good conditions
for its employees.
Corporate responsibility policy
The Group is dedicated to being a responsible employer and a good corporate citizen. Our Code of Conduct
represents our core values and reflects our continued commitment to ethical business practice and regulatory
compliance.
We take a serious view of any suspicion of breach of the Group’s Code of Conduct, which all employees must
comply with, and in case of non-compliance with the Code of Conduct, we will act immediately.
Requirements, guidelines and daily practice for social responsibility and working environment conditions are
fully incorporated parts of the company’s management system which consists of:
•
•
Certified quality management system DNV/ISO 9001:2015
Certified environmental management system DNV/ISO 14001:2015
The basic idea of the management system is involvement of the employees and a high degree of
decentralization in decisions making. In this way we foster a high level of social capital, good working climate
and job satisfaction among the employees.
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
15  
Management commentary  
Anti-corruption and bribery
The Group is dedicated to upholding a high degree of business ethics. The Group operates out of Denmark and
adheres to laws and rules concerning corruption and bribery. The Group considers the area to have a limited
risk. However, we dress our employees, so they know how to handle any situations, and all employees are
aware that it is not permitted to receive gifts, money or services from any stakeholders with exceptance of
Christmas gifts to a reasonable extent.
The Group´s expectations regarding anti-corruption and bribery are specified in our Employee handbook and
Code of Conduct, which all the employees of the Group must comply with. The Group is not aware of any
breaches regarding anti-corruption and bribery in 2023 and we do not expect any breaches in 2024 either.
In 2023 we have introduced the whistleblower schemes in all our companies in the Group and we expect to
run some awareness campaigns on this in 2024.
Human rights
The Group endeavors to comply with applicable local and international legislation and to conduct its business
with strong dedication to human rights including ethical and responsible practices.
We have not identified any material risks regarding human rights in our operations and we strive to manage the
potential risks in relations to our employees and suppliers with our employee handbook and Code of Conduct.
We have in our code of Conduct adopted policies on group level related to ethics and with respect to compliance
with applicable laws in each jurisdiction. These policies apply to each subsidiary in the Group. Accordingly,
each subsidiary shall comply with applicable laws, rules and regulations, including those that may relate to
protection of human rights in each jurisdiction where it operates.
The Group strives to continually improve our work environment. We aim to strengthen and implement a shared
corporate culture to help us treat all colleagues equally. The Group supports and respects the protection of the
UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Core Conventions of the International Labor Organization
(ILO) and makes sure that the Group is not complicit in abuse of human rights. Use of child labour is prohibited.
The focus in 2024 will be to conduct awareness campaigns internally and to secure, that our suppliers conduct
its business in compliance with our corporate standards.
The Group´s expectations regarding human rights are specified in our Employee handbook and Code of
Conduct, which all the employees of the Group must comply with. The Group is not aware of any breaches
regarding human rights in 2023 and does not expect any in 2024 either.
In 2023 we have introduced the whistleblower schemes in all our companies in the Group and we expect to run
some awareness campaigns on this in 2024.
Social & Labor conditions
The employees of the Group are essential to maintain our high level of technical competence and innovation.
The Group prioritizes safety and health and wants to be regarded as a company with high standards in relation to
the physical and psychological working environment. Preventive measures and high ethical standards are central
themes in our Working Environment Policy.
This means that the Group complies with the rules of the authorities in force at any time, has a number of
governance policies and continuously implements improvements to the working environment. The Group has an
active safety organization and motivates the employees to be aware of the working environment and to
understand the importance of the efforts of each individual person. Further, the Group requires that suppliers are
aware of the working environment and continue to make the suppliers aware of our expectations to them to
comply with our Code of Conduct.
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
16  
Management commentary  
Social & Labor conditions
The Safety organization is active in supporting the physical and psychological working environment, and
reaches out to management and HR, when action and focus is needed both on an individual level as well as
related to departments or group of employees.
The Group strives towards achieving broader gender representation by recruitment, taking into account the
industry in which the Group operates where basis for candidates is predominantly male. Both male and female
employees are encouraged to develop their competences and careers. In all cases the best qualified person will be
employed for the job.
In 2023 we have introduced the whistleblower schemes in all our companies in the Group and we expect to run
some awareness campaigns on this in 2024.
In addition, we plan to conduct a job satisfaction survey during 2024.
Environment and climate
The Group strives to minimize the environmental and climate footprint. The primary risk is related to the
environmental impact, e.g. electricity consumption and raw material consumption in relation to production of
printing machines and ancillary products.
The environmental policy of the Group is to act as an environmentally aware company at the forefront of the
expectations of customers and surroundings and at all time to be in compliance with the requirements of the
authorities.
This means that the Group:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
complies with the requirements of DNV/EN ISO 14001:2015
continuously implements and documents improvement to the environment
continuously reduces the environmental footprint
motivates the employees to be environmentally aware
documents the environmental footprint of the products in an objective way
involves the employees actively to carry out improvements to the environment
requires that suppliers are environmentally aware
can explain purchased equipment’s impact on the environment
informs the public of the result of the environmental initiatives
The environmental policy is based on responsible environmental operations and is an integrated part of the
Group’s targets in terms of both manufacturing our equipment and customers using our equipment in their
production.
As an example, we have developed optional heat exchange for reduced gas consumption. This heat exchanger
is part of the drying process in the printing machines and enables our customer to save up to half of the gas
consumption and thereby reduce CO2 emissions.
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
17  
Management commentary  
Results achieved and expectations for future CSR activities
The Group’s aim for 2023 was to carry through improvements of our products so that our customer’s
contribution to the global CO2 emission would be reduced by at least 7.000 tons per year. The Group’s external
CO2 reduction impact focuses on the current installed base for two main machines i.e., VT FLEX ES machines
and the portfolio of Flexo Innovator machines delivered to TRESU customers. The result in 2023 was a total
annual CO2 reduction of above 7.000 tons on the external energy consumption associated with the specific
TRESU products using the heat recovery systems in the drying design.
Further, the Group has consolidated its headquarters and production facilities into the new domicile in August
2019, which is constructed and erected in accordance with the Danish building regulation 2015 and awarded
energy label “A2015”. Windows and doors are fitted with 3-layer low-energy glass, lamps are mounted with
LED lights and motion sensors, taps are established with hands-free fixtures etc. The relocation has resulted in
a reduction of 51% of the internal energy consumption corresponding to a total yearly saving of 263 tons CO2.
The Group will in 2024 aim to help our customers to reduce their annual CO2 emission by at least 7.500 tons
per year.
The goal of the Group for 2023 was an absenteeism of maximum 2,8%. In 2023 we have realized a small
increase in absenteeism amounting to 3,6% versus 3,5% in 2023.
In 2023 the Group will have a continued focus on preventive measures and information. The goal of the Group
is an absenteeism of maximum 2,8% covering both short term and long-term absenteeism.
Report on the underrepresented gender and other diversity (§99b and §107d)
2023  
Board of Directors  
Total numbers of members  
Underrepresented gender (%).  
Target (%)  
4
0
25  
Timeline for target  
2027  
Other management level  
Total numbers of members  
Underrepresented gender (%).  
Target (%)  
1
0
Timeline for target  
The Groups’ long-term ambition is to achieve a composition of the underrepresented gender at Board of
Directors, reflecting the composition of gender in the total organization. The target was that the share of women
should be at least 14,3% in 2023. This has not been met for 2023. On Board of Directors level we have had no
changes in 2023. The executive management as well as the board are all appointed based on their specific and
relevant industry knowledge. It has not been possible to attract female candidates with enough industry
knowledge to match our target.
As other management consists of one member, the company has chosen to use the exemption clause and has
not stated the proportion of the underrepresented gender and the target figures and policy for this.
All Group staff was recruited based on professional skills without regard to religion, race, gender, handicap or
age. The Group look upon diversity as a strength and actively combat discrimination and aspire to promote
equal treatment. This applies to the management level as well as all other levels in the organization.
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
18  
Management commentary  
Statement of data ethics Policy
We have in 2023 not established a policy for data ethics. Over time it will become relevant for TRESU Group,
but until now we do not process data or uses algorithms for data analysis, and it is not an integrated part of the
TRESU Group’s business strategy and business activity. We will continue to follow the best practice within
data ethics, and we can confirm that we despite no formal established data ethics policy still among others use
awareness campaigns, secure compliance with code of conduct and communicate the importance of protecting
fundamental rights for alle stakeholders.
We commit to comply with all applicable data and privacy laws and regulations. We expect employees to prevent
and mitigate all data and privacy risks and to inform, through our management system or grievance mechanisms,
any breach of this expectation or doubts that our expectations are being met.
TRESU Investment Holding A/S wants to be a good corporate citizen. We support high-quality standards for
data protection and integrity.
Corporate governance
The Board of Directors and Executive Board of TRESU Group constantly seek to ensure that the management
structure and control systems of the group are appropriate.
On an ongoing basis, Management assesses whether this remains the case. The tasks and responsibilities of
Management are, among others, based on the Danish Companies Act, the Danish Financial Statements Act,
the Company’s Articles of Association and generally accepted practice for enterprises of the same size and
with the same international reach as TRESU Group. In this connection and because the Group’s principal
shareholder is Altor Fund IV, who is a member of Danish Venture Capital and Private Equity Association
(www.dvca.dk), the TRESU Group in all material respects and also complies with the guidelines for
responsible ownership and corporate governance of DVCA.
Shareholder relations
On an ongoing basis, the Board of Directors assesses whether the Company’s capital structure is in accordance
with the Company’s and its stakeholders’ interests. The overall objective is to ensure a capital structure that
supports long-term, profitable growth.
The Company’s Articles of Association stipulate no limits of ownership or voting rights.
The Tresu Investment Holding A/S’s indirect principal shareholder is Altor Fund IV, who indirectly possesses
99,9% of the Company’s shares. Former key employees and board members hold a minority of 0,1% of the
Company’s shares. By the end of 2023 TRESU Investment Holding A/S owns none of its own shares.
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
19  
Management commentary  
Board of Directors  
Jean-Marc Lechene  
Elected by Altor Fund IV in 2020. Chairman in Norican Global A/S and Caillay group, Member of the Board  
for Velux A/S, Independent Director with McPhy and Head of the Advisory board of Baettr.  
Previously worked as COO for Vestas (2012-2019) and holds an MBA from Instead and Ingenieur Civil,  
Ecole Nationale supérieure des Mines de Paris.  
Ola Harald Erici  
ElectedbyAltorFundIV. Memberofthe Boardof Directors since2017. Chairmanofthe Boardof Finqr AB, The  
Akkermansia Company SAandAlogis AB. Memberof the Boardof TRESUA/S andDermalabLundAB.  
Søren Dan Johansen  
Elected by Altor Fund IV. Joined Altor in 2011 and Member of the Boards of C Worldwide Holding A/S,  
Haarslev Industries A/S, Hamlet Protein A/S, Norican Group, Wrist Ship Supply A/S and TRESU A/S.  
Previously worked at Kromann Reumert (1989-2011) and holds a MSc in Law from Copenhagen University.  
Stephan Plenz  
Elected by Altor Fund IV in 2021. Also, a member of the Board of Directors for Sennheiser, Landa Digital  
Print, nominated by Altana as observer since 2022 and independent consultant.  
Over 30 years’ experience in the high-tech industry including more than 20 years in leading management  
positions and from 2008 to 2020 Member of the Management Board (CTO) of Heidelberger  
Druckmaschinen AG. He is holding a degree of Mechanical Engineering.  
Responsibilities of the Board of Directors  
The Board of Directors have monitored the preparation of the financial reporting, the internal controls and the  
audit of the financial statements.  
The Board of Directors ensures that the Executive Board complies with the objectives, strategies and  
procedures laid down by the Board of Directors. The reporting from the Executive Boards of the respective  
companies takes place systematically, both at meetings and through written and verbal reporting on ongoing  
basis.  
Among other things, this reporting includes a description of the development in key markets, as well as the  
Group’s operational and financial development. The Board of Directors holds meetings according to a fixed  
plan, with at least five meetings a year and extraordinary meetings, if required.  
Events after the balance sheet date  
No events have occurred after the balance date to this date which will influence the evaluation of this annual  
report.  
Parent company’s primary activities  
Tresu Investment Holding A/S activities comprise the ownership of 100% of the shares in TRESU A/S and  
fully owned subsidiaries.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
20  
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income  
1/1 - 31/12  
2023  
1/1 - 31/12  
2022  
Notes  
3,4  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Revenue  
388.781
(497.457)
(108.676)
359.035
(427.642)
(68.607)
Production costs  
Gross profit/loss  
5
Distribution costs  
(42.435)
(37.763)
(65)
(45.150)
(43.544)
2.072
Administrative costs  
6,8  
7,9  
Other operating income  
Operating profit/loss (EBIT)  
(188.939)
(155.229)
Financial income  
10  
11  
3.719
(54.189)
(239.409)
610
(33.898)
(188.517)
Financial expenses  
Profit/loss before tax  
Tax on profit/loss for the year  
12  
24.178
23.212
Loss for the year  
(215.231)
(165.305)
Items that may be recycled subsequently to the income statement:  
Exchange rate adjustments, foreign companies  
Tax on other comprehensive income  
(924)
0
(423)
0
Other comprehensive income, net of tax  
Total comprehensive income  
(924)
(423)
(216.155)
(165.728)
Profit for the year attributable to:  
Owners of the Company  
(215.231)
(216.155)
(165.305)
(165.728)
Total comprehensive income for the year attributable to:  
Owners of the Company  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
21  
Consolidated balance sheet  
31.12.2023 31.12.2022  
DKK'000 DKK'000  
Notes  
13  
Goodwill  
0
99.000
24.213
131.021
37.900
58.950
351.084
Completed development projects  
Patents and licenses  
Brand  
21.336
102.607
37.900
Customer relationship  
Intangible assets  
27.414
9,14  
9,15  
189.257
Plant and machinery  
22.075
5.372
26.200
4.897
Other fixtures and fittings, tools and equipment  
Leasehold improvements  
Lease assets  
2.192
2.791
79.324
108.963
85.768
119.656
Property, plant and equipment  
Deposits  
10.191
10.109
Other non-current assets  
10.191
10.109
Non-current assets  
Inventories  
308.411
79.839
480.849
73.240
16  
Trade receivables  
Contract work in progress  
Tax receivables  
Other receivables  
Prepayments  
17  
18  
48.268
6.387
38.551
19.479
0
17.752
3.469
4.583
2.831
65.444
2.797
Receivables  
78.673
Cash  
3.975
162.487
470.898
23.685
162.369
643.218
Current assets  
Assets  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
22  
Consolidated balance sheet  
31.12.2023 31.12.2022  
Notes  
19  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Contributed capital  
Other reserves  
Retained earnings  
Equity  
2.925
2.390
2.923
3.314
(350.080)
(344.765)
(154.167)
(147.930)
Provisions for deferred tax  
Corporate bonds  
20  
22  
37.687
444.750
72.332
64.974
8.781
51.342
434.211
78.401
0
Lease debt  
Payable to group enterprises  
Other payables  
8.531
Non-current liabilities  
628.524
572.485
Current portion of long-term lease liabilities  
Bank debt  
10.593
40.926
248
10.423
19.690
248
23  
Payable group company  
Contract work, liabilities  
Other provisions  
18  
21  
47.453
4.805
83.128
19.895
8.823
Prepayment customers  
Trade payables  
9.876
43.776
1.431
40.134
7.863
Income tax payable  
Other payables  
24  
28.031
187.139
28.459
218.663
Current liabilities  
Total liabilities  
815.663
470.898
791.148
643.218
Equity and liabilities  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
23  
Consolidated statement of changes in equity  
Contri-  
buted  
capital  
Other  
Reserves  
Retained  
earnings  
Total  
DKK'000 DKK'000 DKK'000 DKK'000  
Equity at 1 January 2023  
Loss for the period  
2.923
3.314
(154.167)
(147.930)
0
0
(215.231)
(215.231)
(1)
(925)
Other comprehensive income  
Comprehensive income  
Capital increase  
0
(924)
0
2
(924)
(215.232)
(216.156)
19.319
19.321
2.390
(350.080)
(344.765)
0
Equity at 31 December 2023  
2.925
Equity at 1 January 2022  
Loss for the period  
2.922
3.737
0
(18.606)
(165.305)
(165.305)
(423)
(11.947)
0
Other comprehensive income  
Comprehensive income  
Capital increase  
0
0
(423)
0
(423)
(165.305)
(165.728)
29.744
29.745
3.314
(154.167)
(147.930)
1
0
Equity at 31 December 2022  
2.923
Other reserves consist of exchange differences on translating foreign companies.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
24  
Consolidated cash flow statement  
1/1 - 31/12 1/1 - 31/12  
2023  
2022  
Notes  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Operating profit/loss  
(155.229)
137.711
11.640
(188.939)
181.892
(14.840)
(33.484)
(55.371)
Amortization, depreciation and impairment  
Other provisions and payables  
Working capital changes  
27  
26.746
Cash flows from ordinary operating activities  
20.868
Financial income received  
298
(41.043)
(13.142)
(109.258)
610
(27.947)
12.427
5.958
Financial expenses paid  
Income taxes refunded/(paid)  
Cash flow from operating activities  
Acquisition etc. of intangible assets  
Acquisition etc. of property, plant and equipment  
Proceeds from disposal of financial fixed assets  
Sale of assets  
(3.182)
(3.459)
(77)
(3.204)
(3.189)
(82)
0
3.500
36
Disposal ect. of property, plant and equipment  
Cash flow from investing activities  
69
(6.406)
(3.182)
Borrowing or repayment of bank debt  
Capital increase  
21.236
19.321
64.974
(9.577)
95.954
(16.674)
29.745
220
Process from (repayments of) related party borrowings  
Leasing  
(9.947)
3.344
Cash flows from financing activities  
28  
28  
Increase/decrease in cash and cash equivalents  
(19.710)
6.120
Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January  
23.685
17.565
Cash and cash equivalents end of year  
3.975
23.685
Cash and cash equivalents at year end are composed of:  
Cash  
3.975
23.685
Cash and cash equivalents end of year  
3.975
23.685
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
25  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
Overview notes  
1. Accounting policies and material accounting policy information  
2. Use of estimates and judgement  
3. Revenue and segmentation of operations  
4. Revenue  
5. Production costs  
6. Fees to auditors appointed at the Annual General Meeting  
7. Staff costs  
8. Defined contribution plans  
9. Amortization, depreciation and impairment  
10. Financial income  
11. Financial expenses  
12. Income tax  
13. Goodwill  
14. Other intangible assets  
15. Property, plant and equipment  
16. Inventories  
17. Trade receivables  
18. Contract work in progress  
19. Share capital  
20. Deferred tax  
21. Provisions  
22. Corporate bonds  
23. Debts banks  
24. Other payables  
25. Contingent liabilities  
26. Pledged assets etc.  
27. Changes in working capital  
28. Cash and cash equivalents and changes in liabilities from financing activities  
29. Financial risks  
30. Related parties with controlling interest  
31. Shareholder relations  
32. Consolidation  
33. Events after the balance sheet date  
34. Adopting the annual report for publication  
35. Accounting policies  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
26  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
1. Accounting policies and material accounting policy information  
The Annual Report of Tresu Investment Holding A/S, a Danish company, and its subsidiary companies has
been prepared in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards, as adopted by the EU, and additional Danish  
requirements applicable to reporting class D, including the statutory order on adoption of IFRS issued pursuant
to the Danish Financial Statements Act.  
The consolidated financial statements are presented for the period 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023,  
including its consolidated subsidiaries.  
The consolidated financial statements are presented in Danish kroner, which is the Parent Company’s  
functional currency.  
The material accounting policy information adopted can be found in note 35.  
Implementation of new standards, amendments, and interpretations  
The Company has implemented the following amendments or new standards (IFRS) for financial year 2023:  
The amendments came into effective for financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2023:  
IAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements and Practice Statement 2: The Amendment  
clarifies that the disclosures of accounting policies are only required for material line items.  
However, it is still permitted to disclose the accounting policies for non-significant line  
items, if the disclosures does not obscure the information provided by the financial  
statement.  
IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors: The amendment  
introduces a new definition of accounting estimates: “Accounting estimates are monetary  
amounts in financial statements that are subject to measurement uncertainty”. The new  
definition emphasises that accounting estimates involves the utilisation of measurement  
techniques and assumptions. This is made to assist users of the financial statement to  
distinguish between changes in accounting estimate and changes in
accounting policies.  
IAS 12, Income Taxes: The amendment requires the recognition of deferred tax on  
transactions that, on initial recognition, give rise to equal amounts of taxable and deductible  
temporary differences.  
IAS 12, Income taxes: International Tax Reform - Pillar II Model Rules: The amendment  
contain two parts: A temporary exemption for recognition of deferred taxes from the effect  
of implementation of Pillar II. Additionally, the amendment specifies some disclosure  
requirements for companies affected by Pillar II, including estimable information of the  
entity’s exposure to the Pillar II income taxes  
Tresu Investment Holding A/S has assessed the effect of the new standards, amendments, and interpretations.  
Tresu Investment Holding A/S has concluded that all standards, amendments, and interpretations effective for  
financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2023 are either not relevant to the Tresu Investment Holding  
A/S or have no significant effect on the Financial Statements of the Tresu Investment Holding A/S.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
27  
New standards, interpretations and amendments adopted by the Group  
The following new standards, amendments, and interpretations of relevance to the Tresu Investment Holding  
A/S have been adopted by the IASB and adopted by the EU. The standards are not yet effective and will  
therefore not be implemented in the Annual Reports until they take effect.  
IAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements: Clarify that the definition of current liabilities  
must be based on the rights existing on the balance sheet date. The requirement for an  
unconditional right to postpone payment for 12 months from the balance sheet date is  
therefore changed to a right to defer payment for 12 months from the balance sheet date.  
The amendment will be effective for financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2024.  
IFRS 16, Leasing: The amendment to IFRS 16 clarifies the leased share in a sale and  
leaseback transaction should be measured to ensure no gain or loss arises from recognition  
of the lease asset. Furthermore, it is clarified that the lease liability should be measured to  
reflect the present value of the expected future lease payments.  
The amendment will be effective for financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2024.  
The IASB has issued the following new standards, amendments and new interpretations which could be  
relevant to Tresu Investment Holding A/S, but which have not yet been adopted by the EU:  
IAS 7 Cash Flow Statement and IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures: The amendment  
introduces disclosure requirements for supplier finance arrangements (reverse factoring),  
regarding terms and conditions in the agreements, including payment terms for both the  
liabilities comprised by the agreements and similar for those not covered by the agreements.  
Significant variances must be explained. The amendment also requires disclosure of  
recognised values at both the beginning and the end of the year for the liabilities comprised  
by the agreements. The amendment will be effective for financial years beginning on or after  
1 January 2024.  
IAS 21, Foreign exchange rates: The amendment clarifies the procedures relating to the  
assessment of whether a currency is exchangeable into another currency, and when it is not,  
how to determine the exchange rate to use and which disclosures to provide. The amendment  
will be effective for financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2025.  
Tresu Investment Holding A/S expects to implement these new standards, amendments, and interpretations  
when they take effect. The Group has assessed the effect of the new standards, amendments, and interpretations  
and we have concluded that all standards, amendments and interpretations are either not relevant to the Group  
or have no significant effect on the Financial Statements of the Group  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
28  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
2. Use of estimates and judgement  
Management of the Company has made a number of estimates and assumptions related to the reporting of  
assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the preparation of these  
consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS. Actual results could differ from those estimates.  
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates  
are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the  
period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.  
Going concern  
The group has per 31 December 2023 a negative equity of DKK 344,8m.  
In the second half of 2023, the Group obtained an extension of the repayment date on the bond loan from  
January 2025 to January 2027, and at the same time the Group's shareholder, Altor Fund IV Holding AB (Altor),  
established a loan facility of up to DKK 75,0m to Tresu A/S. Furthermore, the bankagreement has been  
prolonged to November 2026.  
The budget for 2024 shows that there is sufficient liquidity available for continued operations, which is based,  
among other things, on the above, as well as an increase in revenue derived from the current order book and  
expected order intake. Predictions about the future are, however, associated with uncertainty, and the budget  
for 2024 is particularly uncertain, as a result of the fact that Tresu is a project company, where changes  
compared to what is expected can happen quickly.  
Overall, it is the assessment of the company's management and
board of directors that the annual report for  
2023 can be submitted under the going concern premise.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
29  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
Goodwill and other non-current assets - impairment  
During annual testing of goodwill and other non-current assets for impairment, or when an indication of  
impairment exists, an assessment is made as to how those activities of the Group (cash-generating units) that  
relate to goodwill would be able to generate sufficient positive future net cash flows to support the value of  
goodwill, non-current intangible assets and property, plant and equipment relating to those activities. Due to  
the nature of the business, estimates are made of cash flows for many years ahead, which inherently results in  
some uncertainty. The Company expects to be able to return to former levels of revenue and EBITDA due to  
penetration of the US market and the customer portfolio, consisting of market leaders within the Company´s  
main markets. The risk and uncertainty related to achieving this are reflected in the discount rate applied and  
in the terminal value growth rate.  
Please see specification in note 13.  
Contract work in progress  
The method for estimating work in progress is based on total cost for calculation of percentage of completion  
(POC). Contract work in progress is continuously assessed to see if the net realizable value is higher than cost  
incurred.  
The stage of completion on Contract work in progress is based on an estimate of cost to finish the asset. These  
estimates might change as assets evolve, cf. note 35 accounting policies on revenue.  
It may be necessary to change previous estimates due to changes in those circumstances on which the estimates  
are based, or due to new information or subsequent events.  
Lease of property  
The Company’s property leases allow for extension at the discretion of the Company. The determination of  
the lease term is significant to the calculation of lease liabilities and right-of-use assets,
and  
consequently, due to discounting, to depreciation and interest costs of the year. Management has assessed the  
probable lease term for individual leases in relation to the Company’s strategic goals and current plans. If these  
goals and plans are changed, the lease liabilities and right-of-use assets are revised. The matter is described in  
further detail in note 35.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
30  
3. Revenue and segmentation of operations  
Management has analysed segmentation of the operations through the strategic management, decision and  
reporting structure used by Management. The analysis resulted in that two segment was identified.  
Solutions  
Ancillary  
Group  
2023  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Revenue  
258.105  
130.676  
388.781  
Revenue, total  
258.105  
130.676  
388.781  
Allocated EBITDA  
(30.169)  
16.657  
(13.512)  
non-allocated costs  
6.465  
EBITDA  
(7.047)  
Amortization, depreciation and impairment  
(181.892)  
EBIT  
(188.939)  
Finacial net  
(50.470)  
Profit/loss before tax  
(239.409)  
Solutions  
Ancillary  
Group  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Revenue  
222.783  
136.252  
359.035  
Revenue, total  
222.783  
136.252  
359.035  
Allocated EBITDA  
(24.169)  
7.723  
(16.446)  
non-allocated costs  
(1.072)  
EBITDA  
(17.518)  
Amortization, depreciation and impairment  
(137.711)  
EBIT  
(155.229)  
Finacial net  
(33.288)  
Profit/loss before tax  
(188.517)  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
31  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
Revenue from sale of products and services split by type:  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Solutions  
258.105  
222.783  
Ancillary  
130.676  
136.252  
Revenue  
388.781  
359.035  
Revenue split by geography:  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
USA  
169.901  
123.386  
Germany  
49.653  
61.639  
China  
22.391  
49.845  
Italy  
26.244  
21.841  
Netherlands  
13.620  
11.715  
Sweden  
5.882  
3.858  
Denmark  
2.592  
3.377  
Hungary  
1.478  
3.279  
Rest of Europe  
33.665  
29.098  
South and North America  
23.571  
17.443  
Rest of Asia  
22.562  
21.664  
Middle East and Africa  
17.016  
11.832  
Other markets  
206  
58  
Total net revenue  
388.781  
359.035  
Timing of revenue recognition:  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Products and services transferred at a point in time  
248.672  
232.173  
Products transferred over time  
140.109  
126.862  
Revenue  
388.781  
359.035  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
32  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
4. Revenue  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Sales of goods  
240.110  
224.604  
Sales of service  
8.562  
7.569  
Income from contract work in progress (turnkey projects)  
140.109  
126.862  
Revenue  
388.781  
359.035  
5. Production costs  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Materials consumption  
225.473  
208.480  
Write-down of inventories  
2.364  
6.831  
Other production costs  
2.188  
3.944  
Staff costs  
68.890  
54.240  
Depreciation, amortization and impairment  
172.262  
127.764  
Research and development  
5.252  
7.231  
Indirect production costs  
21.028  
19.152  
Production costs  
497.457  
427.642  
6. Fees to auditors appointed at the Annual General Meeting  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
PricewaterhouseCoopers  
Statutory audit  
932  
625  
Tax and VAT advisory services  
0
14  
Other services  
142  
892  
Total fees to auditors appointed at the Annual General Meeting  
1.074  
1.531  
Other services relates to extra work in relation to the capital situation.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
33  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
7. Staff costs  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Board fees  
1.151  
1.150  
Wages and salaries  
108.788  
100.434  
Pensions  
8.569  
6.555  
Other social security costs  
2.361  
2.051  
Total staff costs  
120.869  
110.190  
Staff costs are distributed as follows:  
Production  
69.848  
62.847  
Sales and distribution  
25.480  
21.013  
Administration  
25.541  
26.330  
Total staff costs  
120.869  
110.190  
Average number of employees  
184  
169  
Remuneration of management  
Other key management  
Board of Directors  
Executive board  
personnel  
2023  
2022  
2023  
2022  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Board fee  
1.151  
1.150  
0
0
0
0
Salary and wages  
0
0
6.977  
7.483  
6.725  
5.718  
Pension  
0
0
356  
270  
571  
448  
1.151  
1.150  
7.333  
7.753  
7.296  
6.166  
Remuneration of the executive directors and key management personnel is based on a fixed salary, bonus and  
non-monetary benefits such as company car, telephone etc. Executive directors and other key management  
personnel are covered by the same pension agreement as other employees. Usual notification period applies in  
the event of resignation of management. The total amount for key management amounts to 15.780 DKK’000  
in 2023 (2022: 15.069 DKK’000).  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
34  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
8. Defined contribution plans  
The Group has defined contribution plans with the majority of the employees in the Danish entities. According  
to the agreements the Group entities are monthly paying an amount of 10% of the base salaries and wages. The  
payment regarding each employee is paid to an independent pension company.  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Cost to defined contributions plans  
8.569  
6.555  
There are only minor obligations regarding benefit plans to employees outside of Denmark.  
9. Amortization, depreciation and impairment  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Amortization, intangible assets  
39.972  
45.637  
Impairment losses, intangible assets  
125.000  
75.000  
Depreciation, property, plant and equipment  
7.343  
7.127  
Amortization, lease assets  
9.577  
9.947  
Total amortization, depreciation and impairment  
181.892  
137.711  
Amortization, depreciation and impairment are distributed as follows:  
Production  
172.262  
127.719  
Administration  
9.630  
9.992  
Total amortization, depreciation and impairment  
181.892  
137.711  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
35  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
10. Financial income  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Gain on foreign exchange  
166  
41  
Other financial income  
3.553  
569  
Total financial income  
3.719  
610  
Other financial income is effected by a modification gain linked to renewed bonds agreement.  
11. Financial expenses  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Interest expenses  
42.331  
25.926  
Bond price adjustment  
1.924  
1.924  
Loss on foreign exchange  
3.372  
610  
Other financial expenses  
4.363  
3.198  
Interest expenses regarding leasing liabilities  
2.199  
2.240  
Total financial expenses  
54.189  
33.898  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
36  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
12. Income tax  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Current tax for the year  
(10.446)  
(11.504)  
Deferred tax for the year  
(12.862)  
(9.005)  
Adjustments tax from deferred tax previous years  
(793)  
(7)  
Adjustments recognized for current tax from prior periods  
(77)  
(2.696)  
Corporation tax for the year  
(24.178)  
(23.212)  
Income tax expense attributable to income before income taxes differed from the amounts computed by applying  
the Danish income tax rate of 22%. For foreign entities is used the actual tax rate in the country concerned.  
Tax on profit the year breaks down as follows:  
Calculated tax on profit for the year before tax  
22,0%  
22,0%  
Tax effect of:  
Adjustment prior year  
0,0%  
1,4%  
Non-deductible expenses/non-taxable income  
(12,0%)  
(11,1%)  
Effective tax rate (%)  
10,0%  
12,3%  
13. Goodwill  
2023  
2023  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Cost at the beginning of the year  
249.000  
249.000  
Cost at the end of the year  
249.000  
249.000  
Impairment losses at the beginning of the year  
(150.000)  
(75.000)  
Impairment losses for the year  
(99.000)  
(75.000)  
Impairment losses at the end of the year  
(249.000)  
(150.000)  
Carrying amount at the end of the year  
0
99.000  
Goodwill is allocated to segments and tested for impairment once a year and in the case of impairment  
indicators. The result of the 2023 analysis identified a need to impair remaining goodwill for the value of 99  
mDKK as of 31 December 2023.  
The impairment loss is related to the Ancillary segment as budget has not been realized and the fact that  
revenue levels for some years have been lower than expected leading to announcements of negative  
adjustment to full year guidance. In respect of goodwill and other intangibles causing need for estimation  
uncertainty in the impairment test calculations.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
37  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
In the impairment test the discounted value of future net cash flows are compared with the carrying amount of  
the Cash Generating Unit.  
The key assumptions underlying the calculation of value in use are the determination of EBITDA growth  
(revenue, gross margins and fixed costs) in the period 2024 to 2028, discount rate and terminal value growth  
rate.  
The forecast for 2024-2028 are based on projections on growth in revenue and improved gross margins but  
with lower numbers than used in the impairment test for 2023 as significant budget deviations has been  
realized during previous years causing a need for some prudency in the projections.  
Key assumptions from the impairment testing of goodwill are as follows:  
Annual revenue growth for 2024-2026 of 8,5% and for 2025-2026 and the terminal period 2% (3% in  
2022).  
Improvement in gross margin from 22,3% in 2023 to 29,0% in 2028. It should be mentioned that the  
gross margin for 2023 was negatively impacted by overruns on the larger projects.  
Leverage of fixed costs for 2024-2026 with an increase of 3,5%  
The discount rate is determined based on the Company´s borrowing rate plus a risk premium that  
reflects the risk involved in investing in shares and the risk involved in the activity performed. A base  
after-tax discount rate of 12,3% (13,1% in 2022) is used (equivalent to a before tax discount rate of  
15,7% (16,8% in 2022) and is supported by equivalent external benchmarks.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
38  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
14. Other intangible assets  
Completed  
Patents  
Customer  
development  
and  
relation-  
DKK'000 2023  
projects  
licenses  
Brand  
ships  
Total  
Cost at beginning of the year  
50.817  
220.688  
37.900  
212.700  
522.105  
Additions during the year  
3.204  
0
0
0
3.204  
Disposals during the year  
(1.722)  
0
0
0
(1.722)  
Cost at the end of the year  
52.299  
220.688  
37.900  
212.700  
523.587  
Amortization and impairment  
at the beginning of the year  
(26.604)  
(89.667)  
0
(153.750) (270.021)  
Impairment for the year  
0
(13.000)  
0
(13.000)  
(26.000)  
Amortization for the year  
(6.022)  
(15.414)  
0
(18.536)  
(39.972)  
Reversal regarding disposals  
1.663  
0
0
0
1.663  
Amortization and impairment  
losses at the end of the year  
(30.963)  
(118.081)  
0
(185.286) (334.330)  
Carrying amount at the end  
of the year  
21.336  
102.607  
37.900  
27.414  
189.257  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
39  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
Completed  
Patents  
Customer  
development  
and  
relation-  
DKK'000 2022  
projects  
licenses  
Brand  
ships  
Total  
Cost at beginning of the year  
52.833  
220.688  
37.900  
212.700  
524.121  
Additions during the year  
3.182  
0
0
0
3.182  
Disposals during the year  
(5.198)  
0
0
0
(5.198)  
Cost at the end of the year  
50.817  
220.688  
37.900  
212.700  
522.105  
Amortization and impairment  
at the beginning of the year  
(25.667)  
(74.252)  
0
(129.402) (229.321)  
Amortization for the year  
(5.874)  
(15.415)  
0
(24.348)  
(45.637)  
Reversal regarding disposals  
4.937  
0
0
0
4.937  
Amortization and impairment  
losses at the end of the year  
(26.604)  
(89.667)  
0
(153.750) (270.021)  
Carrying amount at the end  
of the year  
24.213  
131.021  
37.900  
58.950  
252.084  
Apart from goodwill and brand, all other intangible assets are regarded as having determinable useful lives  
over which the assets are amortized; see accounting policies in note 35. Estimated useful life of Patents is on  
average 14 years. Estimated useful lives of Customer Relationships are between 4-10 years. Estimated useful  
lives of completed development projects are between 3-12 years.  
Management has tested the carrying amount of the above-mentioned intangibles using the same assumptions  
as listed in note 13 and using the same principles as used in the purchase price allocation, where to intangible  
assets were identified and valued. Management has assessed impair losses related to patents (DKK 13,0m) and  
customer relations (DKK 13,0m). In respect of the reasons for the impairment loss we refer to note 13. In  
addition the sales and margins on some larger capital sales projects have been below expectations.  
The Company's development expenses relate to capitalization of costs in respect of continuous development  
of product range and new ancillary products with the ultimate objective of increasing our customers’ uptime  
and reducing their cost of operations and/or climate footprint. In addition, it is the intention with these projects  
to manufacture, market or use the projects for future commercial purposes.  
The Group regularly reviews the carrying amounts of its definite-lived intangible assets to determine whether  
there is an indication of an impairment loss.  
Development projects are tested for impairment annually if there is an indication that the asset should be  
impaired.  
The cost of development projects comprises costs such as salaries and amortization that are directly and  
indirectly attributable to the development projects.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
40  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
15. Property, plant and equipment  
Other  
fixtures  
and  
fittings,  
Leasehold  
Plant and  
tools and  
improve-  
DKK'000 2023  
machinery  
equipment  
ments  
Total  
Cost at beginning of the  
year  
58.466  
9.567  
5.122  
73.155  
Exchange rate adjustments  
(7)  
(68)  
0
(75)  
Additions during the year  
1.451  
1.738  
0
3.189  
Disposals during the year  
(3.257)  
(4.378)  
0
(7.635)  
Cost at the end of the year  
56.653  
6.859  
5.122  
68.634  
Amortization at the  
beginning of the year  
(32.266)  
(4.670)  
(2.331)  
(39.267)  
Exchange rate adjustments  
2
47  
0
49  
Amortization for the year  
(5.548)  
(1.196)  
(599)  
(7.343)  
Amortization reversed  
the year  
3.234  
4.332  
0
7.566  
Amortization and impairment  
losses at the end of the year  
(34.578)  
(1.487)  
(2.930)  
(38.995)  
Carrying amount at the end  
of the year  
22.075  
5.372  
2.192  
29.639  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
41  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
Other  
fixtures  
and fittings,  
Leasehold  
Plant and  
tools and  
improve-  
DKK'000 2022  
machinery  
equipment  
ments  
Total  
Cost at beginning of the year  
58.119  
8.154  
5.107  
71.380  
Exchange rate adjustments  
14  
117  
0
131  
Additions during the year  
1.084  
2.360  
15  
3.459  
Disposals during the year  
(751)  
(1.064)  
0
(1.815)  
Cost at the end of the year  
58.466  
9.567  
5.122  
73.155  
Depreciation at the  
beginning of the year  
(27.752)  
(4.361)  
(1.732)  
(33.845)  
Adjustment prior year  
(2)  
(72)  
0
(74)  
Depreciation for the year  
(5.241)  
(1.287)  
(599)  
(7.127)  
Depreciation reversed the year  
729  
1.050  
0
1.779  
Depreciation and impairment  
losses at the end of the year  
(32.266)  
(4.670)  
(2.331)  
(39.267)  
Carrying amount at the end  
of the year  
26.200  
4.897  
2.791  
33.888  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
42  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
15. Property, plant and equipment – lease assets  
Other  
DKK'000 2023  
Property  
Cars  
assets  
Total  
Cost at Jan 1, 2023  
110.020  
3.211  
2.678  
115.909  
Foreign exchange rate adjustment  
(201)  
(10)  
(49)  
(260)  
Additions  
0
1.488  
1.923  
3.411  
Disposals  
0
(1.064)  
(2.422)  
(3.486)  
Re-measurre / modification of lease assets  
0
(65)  
0
(65)  
Cost at Dec 31, 2023  
109.819  
3.560  
2.130  
115.509  
Depreciations and impairment at Jan 1, 2023  
(26.024)  
(1.793)  
(2.324)  
(30.141)  
Foreign exchange adjustment  
0
9
53  
62  
Disposals  
0
1.054  
2.417  
3.471  
Depreciations  
(8.110)  
(976)  
(491)  
(9.577)  
Depreciations and impairment  
at Dec 31, 2023  
(34.134)  
(1.706)  
(345)  
(36.185)  
Carrying amount at Dec 31, 2023  
75.685  
1.854  
1.785  
79.324  
Other  
DKK'000 2022  
Property  
Cars  
assets  
Total  
Cost at Jan 1, 2022  
108.022  
3.666  
4.098  
115.786  
Foreign exchange rate adjustment  
415  
(12)  
(324)  
79  
Additions  
0
427  
0
427  
Disposals  
(1.644)  
(1.070)  
(1.275)  
(3.989)  
Re-measurre / modification of lease assets  
3.227  
200  
179  
3.606  
Cost at Dec 31, 2022  
110.020  
3.211  
2.678  
115.909  
Depreciations and impairment at Jan 1, 2022  
(19.583)  
(2.019)  
(2.906)  
(24.508)  
Disposals  
1.642  
1.071  
1.601  
4.314  
Depreciations  
(8.083)  
(845)  
(1.019)  
(9.947)  
Depreciations and impairment  
at Dec 31, 2022  
(26.024)  
(1.793)  
(2.324)  
(30.141)  
Carrying amount at Dec 31, 2022  
83.996  
1.418  
354  
85.768  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
43  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
16. Inventories  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Raw materials  
36.299  
37.214  
Work in progress  
33.931  
26.823  
Finished goods  
23.106  
22.926  
Write-down inventories  
(13.497)  
(13.723)  
Total inventories  
79.839  
73.240  
Write-down of inventories for the year 2023 was DKK 2,4m (2022: DKK 6,8m).  
17. Trade receivables  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Account receivable  
49.527  
42.414  
Allowance for bad debts  
(1.259)  
(3.863)  
Accounts receivable  
48.268  
38.551  
Impairment losses at 1 January  
3.863  
4.723  
Impairment loss provisioned  
122  
(406)  
Realized for the period  
(2.590)  
0
Reversed  
(136)  
(454)  
Impairment losses on receivables*  
1.259  
3.863  
2023  
2022  
Distributed by age  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Not overdue  
25.945  
25.426  
0-30 days  
11.540  
3.404  
31-60 days  
6.428  
1.966  
61-90 days  
1.897  
1.072  
Above 91 days  
3.717  
10.546  
Accounts receivable  
49.527  
42.414  
*Related to trade receivables overdue above 91 days.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
44  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
The Group has no significant risk related to a single customer or market, and historical losses has been very  
limited.  
Write-downs for bad and doubtful receivables are based on individual evaluations of the aging profiles, and a  
% has been provisioned according to expected risk of the receivable.  
After this analysis it is still the expectation that future losses will be very limited, and we have therefor kept  
the method from prior years.  
Please see note 29 for further information.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
45  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
18. Contract work in progress (turnkey projects)  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Sales value of contract work in progress  
210.023  
169.405  
Progress billings regarding contract work in progress  
(252.711)  
(249.840)  
(42.688)  
(80.435)  
Net value in the balance sheet:  
Contract work in progress  
6.387  
19.479  
Other provisions  
(1.622)  
(16.786)  
Contract work, liabilities  
(47.453)  
(83.128)  
(42.688)  
(80.435)  
Amounts relating to contract work in progress are balances due from customers that arise when the Group  
carried out work at the balance sheet date. These agreements do not include a variable consideration. The  
Group receives payment from customers in line with the agreed payments terms at placing the order, prior to  
shipment of machines and a minor part after installation/commissioning acceptance. Any amount previously  
recognized as a contract work in progress is reclassified to trade receivables at the point at which it is invoiced  
to the customer. The Group expects that all performance obligations for ongoing projects will be met within a  
period of 12 months. End of 2023 we still have 7 projects started before this actual year, which are not 100%  
finalized, with total sales value of mDKK 85,4 recognized in 2022.  
19. Share capital  
The share capital consists of share with a nominal value of DKK 1 each. The shares have been paid in full.  
The shares have not been divided into classes and no special rights have been attached to the share.  
The share capital can be made up as follows:  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Number of share 1 January  
2.923  
2.922  
Capital increase  
2
1
Number of shares 31 December  
2.925  
2.923  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
46  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
20. Deferred tax  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Deferred tax liabilities  
37.687  
51.342  
Total deferred taxes  
37.687  
51.342  
Recognized  
Deferred  
Recognized Recognized  
in other  
Total  
tax 01.01  
in profit  
equity  
comp.inc.  
31.12  
2023  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Intangible assets  
47.118  
(13.818)  
0
0
33.300  
Property, plant and equipment  
5.239  
(972)  
0
0
4.267  
Inventories  
(859)  
1.091  
0
0
232  
Receivables  
(88)  
30  
0
0
(58)  
Profits, contract work in progress  
4.857  
673  
0
0
5.530  
Liabilities and other provisions  
(4.925)  
(659)  
0
0
(5.584)  
Temporary differences  
51.342  
(13.655)  
0
0
37.687  
Recognized  
Deferred  
Recognized Recognized  
in other  
Total  
tax 01.01  
in profit  
equity  
comp.inc.  
31.12  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Intangible assets  
56.519  
(9.401)  
0
0
47.118  
Property, plant and equipment  
5.102  
137  
0
0
5.239  
Inventories  
686  
(1.545)  
0
0
(859)  
Receivables  
(185)  
97  
0
0
(88)  
Profits, contract work in progress  
2.077  
2.780  
0
0
4.857  
Liabilities and other provisions  
(3.851)  
(1.074)  
0
0
(4.925)  
Temporary differences  
60.348  
(9.006)  
0
0
51.342  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
47  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
21. Other Provisions  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Other provisions 1 January  
19.895  
8.458  
Realized for the period  
(630)  
(6.651)  
Provisioned for the year  
1.307  
1.302  
Adjustment for the year  
(602)  
0
Specific customer projects  
(15.165)  
16.786  
Other provisions  
4.805  
19.895  
Provisions are recognized in the balance sheet:  
Current liabilities  
4.805  
19.895  
4.805  
19.895  
Other provisions consist of warranties and loss making customer projects, and are primarily due within one  
year.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
48  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
22. Corporate bonds  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Corporate bonds  
448.984  
439.471  
Corporate bonds fees, amortized  
(4.234)  
(5.260)  
444.750  
434.211  
Corporate bonds in the balance sheet:  
Non-current liabilities  
444.750  
434.211  
444.750  
434.211  
Interest  
Amortized  
Nominal  
Fair  
fixed or  
cost  
Value  
Value  
Currency  
Expires  
variabel  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Corporate bond, 3m  
Euribor + 500 bps  
EUR  
Jan. 2027  
Variable  
444.750  
430.406  
64.561  
31 December 2023  
444.750  
430.406  
64.561  
Interest  
Amortized  
Nominal  
Fair  
fixed or  
cost  
Value  
Value  
Currency  
Expires  
variabel  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Corporate bond, 3m  
Euribor + 500 bps  
EUR  
Jan. 2025  
Variable  
434.211  
430.406  
215.203  
31 December 2022  
434.211  
430.406  
215.203  
Since the issue in September 2017, the bonds have been adjusted with the exchange rate EUR/DKK at the end  
of the year. Level 2 from the fair value hierarchy has been used.  
In the second half of 2023, the Group obtained an extension of the repayment date on the bond loan from  
January 2025 to January 2027.  
The Group obtained an extension of the repayment date on the bond loan from January 2025 to January 2027.  
Further, Interest payments may be rolled up. No other changes to the terms were made. On this basis,  
Management has assessed that the terms are not substantially different from the terms applying before the  
amendment and that consequently, the bond liability is remeasured at the revised contractual cash flows  
discounted at the original effective interest rate. A gain of DKK 3,4m was recognised and included in financial  
income.  
The bonds have not been traded in 2023 and the fair value is based on a single trade in January 2024. The fair  
value is calculated based on level 2. The fair value is thus subject to some uncertainty.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
49  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
23. Debt banks  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Overdraft facilities  
40.926  
19.690  
Total bank debts  
40.926  
19.690  
Debts to banks are recognized in the balance sheet:  
Current liabilities  
40.926  
19.690  
40.926  
19.690  
Interest  
Amortized  
Nominal  
Fair  
fixed or  
cost  
Value  
Value  
Currency  
Expires  
variabel  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Overdraft facility  
DKK  
2026  
Variable  
40.926  
40.926  
40.926  
31 December 2023  
40.926  
40.926  
40.926  
Interest  
Amortized  
Nominal  
Fair  
fixed or  
cost  
Value  
Value  
Currency  
Expires  
variabel  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Overdraft facility  
DKK  
2024  
Variable  
19.690  
19.690  
19.690  
31 December 2022  
19.690  
19.690  
19.690  
The Group has unutilized drawings rights on overdraft facilities DKK 71,1m (2022: DKK 69,2m)  
24. Other payables  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Payable staff costs  
13.110  
12.293  
Payable VAT  
279  
855  
Other liabilities  
14.642  
15.311  
Total other payables  
28.031  
28.459  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
50  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
25. Contingent liabilities  
The Group´s Danish companies are jointly and severally liable for tax on the Group´s jointly taxed income etc.  
Total corporation tax payable is stated in the Annual Report of Nortre Administration ApS, which is the  
management company in the joint taxation. The Group´s Danish companies are moreover jointly and severally  
liable for Danish withholding taxes in the form of dividend tax, royalty tax and tax on interest. Any subsequent  
adjustments to corporation taxes and withholding taxes may imply that the Company will be liable for a higher  
amount.  
26. Pledged assets etc.  
There has been given a negative pledge in the Group´s assets.  
27. Changes in working capital  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Increase/decrease in inventories  
(6.599)  
(16.638)  
Increase/decrease in receivables  
4.523  
11.225  
Increase/decrease in trade payables etc.  
(31.408)  
32.159  
(33.484)  
26.746  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
51  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
28. Cash and cash equivalents  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Cash and cash equivalents  
3.975  
23.685  
3.975  
23.685  
The Group has unutilized drawings rights on overdraft facilities DKK 71,1m (2022: DKK 69,2m)  
Non-cash changes  
Adjustment  
Accrued  
Exchange  
New leases/  
01.01  
Cashflow  
of debt  
Interest  
rate adjust.  
Remeassure  
31.12  
2023  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Corporate  
bonds  
434.211  
0
(415)  
9.967  
987  
0
444.750  
Lease debts  
88.824  
(9.577)  
527  
0
(260)  
3.411  
82.925  
Payable to  
group  
enterprises  
0
64.974  
0
0
0
0
64.974  
Bank debt  
19.690  
21.236  
0
0
0
0
40.926  
542.725  
76.633  
112  
9.967  
727  
3.411  
633.575  
Non-cash changes  
Adjustment  
Accrued  
Exchange  
New leases/  
01.01  
Cashflow  
of debt  
Interest  
rate adjust.  
Remeassure  
31.12  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000 DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Corporate bonds  
429.486  
0
4.725  
0
0
0
434.211  
Lease debts  
93.195  
(9.947)  
0
0
78  
5.498  
88.824  
Bank debt  
36.364 (16.674)  
0
0
0
0
19.690  
559.045 (26.621)  
4.725  
0
78  
5.498  
542.725  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
52  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
29. Financial risks  
Categories of financial instruments  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Deposits  
10.191  
10.109  
Trade receivables  
48.268  
38.551  
Other short-term receivables  
3.469  
4.583  
Cash  
3.975  
23.685  
Financial assets at  
amortized cost  
65.903  
76.928  
Corporate bonds  
444.750  
434.211  
Lease liabilities  
82.925  
88.824  
Non-current other payables  
8.781  
8.531  
Bank debt  
40.926  
19.690  
Payable to group company  
65.222  
248  
Trade payables  
43.776  
40.134  
Other payables  
28.031  
28.459  
Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost  
714.411  
620.097  
Policy for controlling financial risks  
The Group, due to its operations, investments and financing, is exposed to market risks in the form of changes  
in exchange rates and interest rates, as well as credit risk and liquidity risks. The Group manages the financial  
risk centrally and coordinates the Group´s liquidity management, including capital procurement and placement  
of surplus funds.  
It is the Group´s policy not to make any speculation in financial risks.  
The Group manages the financial risks through the use of three different tools for cash flow budgeting; a model  
covering a rolling three-month period, a model that covers a period of one year, and a model covering a period  
of three years.  
Currency risks  
The Group´s currency risks are primarily hedged by matching payments received and made in the same  
currency. The difference between ingoing and outgoing payments denominated in the same currency is a  
measure of currency risk.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
53  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
Interest risks  
Both corporate bonds and bank debt has a variable interest rate, and therefore the Group has a significant  
interest rate risk. Other payables have a short repayment profile, and the Group only has a low interest rate risk  
on those payables.  
Liquidity risks  
The Group aims to have adequate cash resources to continuously carry out transactions appropriately as regards  
operations and investments. The Group´s cash reserve consists of cash and cash equivalents as well as undrawn  
credit facilities. The Group´s liquidity is mainly based on operating profits and the difference between the time  
of payment and the time of settlement.  
Credit risks  
The Group is not exposed to significant credit risks. Customers must pay in advance if they are considered to  
have any increased risk in relation to other accounts receivables.  
Credit risks on going contract work for the account of a third party is limited. Invoices on account are thus  
agreed to follow minimum the cost of incurred on contract work, Furthermore, all contract customers must pay  
a part of the total consideration at placing the order, which in itself reduces the credit risk substantially.  
Currency risks  
The Group has not entered into any derivatives financial instruments to hedge recognized financial assets and  
liabilities. The Group´s currency exposure is specified below.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
54  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
Cash and  
Recei-  
Bond  
Other  
Unsecured  
cash equiva.  
vables  
debt  
Liabilities  
net position  
2023  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
EUR  
1.949  
28.797  
(445.196)  
(11.923)  
(426.373)  
USD  
1.055  
15.281  
0
(3.680)  
12.656  
JPY  
617  
958  
0
(548)  
1.027  
3.621  
45.036  
(445.196)  
(16.151)  
(412.690)  
Cash and  
Recei-  
Bond  
Other  
Unsecured  
cash equiva.  
vables  
debt  
Liabilities  
net position  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
EUR  
1.457  
25.932  
(439.471)  
(7.602)  
(419.684)  
USD  
5.186  
9.405  
0
(3.051)  
11.540  
JPY  
675  
728  
0
(199)  
1.204  
7.318  
36.065  
(439.471)  
(10.852)  
(406.940)  
Sensitivity analysis regarding currency risks  
The Group´s main currency exposure relates to debt in EUR. The following shows the net impact on equity  
and profit for the year if the exchange rate of the currencies in question had been 1% lower at the end of the  
year than the actual rate used. If the rate had been 1% higher priced than the actual exchange rate, then it would  
have had a corresponding net negative impact on equity and profit for the year.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
55  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
2023  
2022  
Equity sensitivity to exchange rate fluctuations  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Impact if EUR-rate was 1% lower than actual rate  
4.264  
4.197  
4.264  
4.197  
2023  
2022  
Sensitivity of the result to exchange rate fluctuations  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Impact if EUR-rate was 1% lower than actual rate  
4.264  
4.197  
4.264  
4.197  
The Corporate bonds are issued in EUR and the principal amount is subject to exchange rate fluctuations  
between the Company´s functional currency (DKK) and EUR. A 1% change in the EUR rate at 31st December  
2023 would have affected comprehensive income and equity by approximately DKK 4,3m.  
Interest rate risks  
The Group has a significant degree of interest-bearing financial liabilities and as a consequence is exposed to  
interest rate risks. In regard to the Group´s financial assets and financial liabilities, the following contractual  
interest rate adjustment dates or maturity date can be specified, depending which date is the earlier, and how  
much of the interest-bearing assets and liabilities are at a fixed-rate. Variable rate loans are deemed to have  
interest rate adjustment dates that fall within one year.  
2023  
2022  
Sensitivity to interest rate fluctuations  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Impact if interest rate was 1% higher than actual rate  
(4.452)  
(4.395)  
(4.452)  
(4.395)  
2023  
2022  
Sensitivity to interest rate fluctuations  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Impact if interest rate was 1% lower than actual rate  
4.452  
4.395  
4.452  
4.395  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
56  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
Liquidity risks  
Due dates for financial liabilities are specified below, broken down by the time interval used in the Group´s  
liquidity management. The specified amounts represent the amounts that fall due for payment, including  
interest, etc.  
Less than  
6-12  
1-5  
After  
6 months  
months  
years  
5 years  
Total  
2023  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Non-derivative financial liabilities  
Bank debt  
0
0
40.926  
0
40.926  
Corporate bonds  
0
0
556.840  
0
556.840  
Payable to group entreprises  
248  
0
85.825  
0
86.073  
Lease debts  
5.364  
5.365  
40.303  
41.896  
92.928  
Trade payables  
43.776  
0
0
0
43.776  
Other payables  
28.031  
0
0
0
28.031  
77.419  
5.365  
723.894  
41.896  
848.574  
Less than  
6-12  
1-5  
After  
6 months  
months  
years  
5 years  
Total  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Non-derivative financial liabilities  
Bank debt  
0
0
19.690  
0
19.690  
Corporate bonds  
13.403  
13.403  
470.124  
0
496.930  
Lease debts  
5.271  
5.271  
38.674  
51.345  
100.561  
Trade payables  
40.134  
0
0
0
40.134  
Other payables  
28.459  
0
0
0
28.459  
87.267  
18.674  
528.488  
51.345  
685.774  
The financial impact from, and uncertainty created by, the ongoing supply chain crises on especially electrical  
components means that the timing of a refinancing at par is difficult to assess. However, we reiterate that we  
deem the earnings capacity of the company without the impact of supply chain crises to be more than sufficient  
to carry the existing debt quantum meaning that a refinancing at par is a matter of timing. The future calculation  
of interest for the bonds is done based on the EUR exchange rate end 2023 and the actual interest rate for the  
bonds in Q1 2024.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
57  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
The Group liquidity reserve consists of liquid assets and unused credit facilities.  
Management assesses the Group´s liquidity requirements on a regular basis.  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
The liquidity reserve comprises of as follows:  
Cash  
3.975  
23.685  
Unused credit facility  
71.074  
69.169  
75.049  
92.854  
Credit risks  
The primary credit risk in the Group is related to trade receivables from the sale of goods and services and  
contract work in progress. The Group´s most significant credit risks related to the Group´s largest customers.  
Those customers are required to partly pay advance payments in order to reduce the credit risks.  
The maximum credit risk related to trade receivables from the sale of goods and services and contract work in  
progress corresponds to their carrying amount. Information about detained payments for completed work can  
be found in note 18.  
Default of loan agreement  
The Group has not neglected or defaulted loan agreements, during the financial year or the comparative year.  
Optimization of capital structure  
The company´s management continuously assesses whether the Group´s capital structure is in line with the  
interests of the company and its owners. The overall objective is to secure a capital structure that supports  
long-term economic growth while maximizing returns to the Group´s stakeholders through an optimization of  
the equity/debt ratio. The Group´s overall strategy is that the Group´s capital structure shall consist of debt  
comprising financial liabilities in the form of corporate bonds, bank debt and financial leasing liabilities, cash  
equivalents and equity.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
58  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
Financial gearing  
The company´s board of directors reviews the Group´s capital structure twice a year in connection with the  
presentation of half-yearly reports and annual reports. As part of this review, the board assesses the Group´s  
capital costs and the risk associated with the individual types of capital. The financial gearing as per 31st  
December 2023 is below zero which also was the case per 31st December 2022. Based on the latest review of  
the Group´s capital structure, the board expects the financial gearing in 2024 to remain at approximately the  
same level as 2023.  
At balance sheet date the financial gearing can be calculated accordingly:  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Bank debt  
40.926  
19.690  
Lease debts  
82.925  
88.824  
Corporate bonds  
444.750  
434.211  
Payable group company  
65.222  
248  
Income tax payable.  
1.431  
7.863  
Cash and cash equivalents  
(3.975)  
(23.685)  
Net interest-bearing debt  
631.279  
527.151  
Equity  
(344.765)  
(147.930)  
Financial gearing  
-
-
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
59  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
30. Related parties with controlling interest  
The following parties have a controlling interest:  
Altor Fund IV Holding AB, Stockholm, shareholder, ultimate owner (99,9% ownership)  
Tresu Group Holding A/S, CBR-no. 37752088, Kolding, shareholder (100% ownership), parent  
Other related parties include the company’s Board of Directors and Executive Board. There have been no  
transactions in the financial year with members of the Board of Directors and Executive Board other than those  
which appear from note 7.  
Transactions with related parties  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Remuneration etc. of key management personnel, cf. note 7  
15.780  
15.069  
Capital increase  
19.321  
29.745  
Group loan payable  
64.974  
0
Management fee from group subsidiaries  
7.771  
8.721  
Management fee to related party  
527  
35  
Interest on interim account  
(56)  
(55)  
Transactions with subsidiaries are eliminated in the consolidated financial statement in accordance with  
accounting policies, note 35.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
60  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
31. Shareholder relation  
The Company has registered the following shareholders, owning more than 5% of the share capital:  
Altor Fund IV Holding AB, Stockholm, shareholder, ultimate owner  
Tresu Group Holding A/S, CBR-no. 37752088, Kolding, shareholder  
32. Consolidation  
Name and registered office of the Parent preparing consolidated financial statements for the smallest group:  
Tresu Group Holding A/S, CBR-no. 37752088, Venusvej 44, DK-6000 Kolding  
Name and registered office of the Parent preparing consolidated financial statements for the largest group:  
Altor Fund Manager AB, SE-Stockholm  
33. Events after the balance sheet date  
No event after the balance date has happened that will affect the matter of this report.  
34. Adopting the annual report for publication  
The board members have on the board meeting the 18.03.2024 approved present Annual Report for publication.  
The Annual Report will be submitted to the shareholders for approval at the Annual General Meeting the  
18.03.2024.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
61  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
35. Accounting policies  
The Annual Report of Tresu Investment Holding A/S and its subsidiary companies has been prepared in  
accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards, as adopted by the EU, and additional Danish requirements  
applicable to reporting class D enterprises.  
The accounting policies applied to these Consolidated Financial Statements and Parent Financial Statements  
are consistent with those applied last year.  
The Consolidated and Parent Company Financial Statements for 2023 are presented in TDKK.  
Consolidated financial statements  
The consolidated financial statements comprise the Parent (Tresu Investment Holding A/S) and the group  
subsidiaries that are controlled by the Parent. Control is achieved by the Parent, either directly or indirectly,  
holding more than 50% of the voting rights or in any other way possible or actually exercising controlling  
influence. See also Group chart under Management Commentary, page 9.  
Basis of consolidation  
The consolidated financial statements are prepared on the basis of the annual report of the Parent and its  
subsidiaries. The consolidated financial statements are prepared by combining uniform items. On  
consolidation, intra-group income and expenses, intra-group accounts and dividends as well as profits and  
losses on transactions between the consolidated subsidiaries are eliminated. The financial statements used for  
consolidation have been prepared applying the Group´s accounting policies.  
Subsidiaries´ financial statement items are recognized in full in the consolidated financial statements.  
Foreign currency translation  
On initial recognition, foreign currency transactions are translated applying the exchange rate at the transaction  
date. Receivables, payables and other monetary items denominated in foreign currencies that have not been  
settled at the balance sheet date are translated using the exchange rate at the balance sheet date. Exchange  
differences that arise between the rate at the transaction date and the one on effect at the payment date, or the  
rate at the balance sheet date are recognized in the income statement as financial income or financial expenses.  
Property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, inventory and other non-monetary assets that have been  
purchased in foreign currencies are translated using historical rates.  
When recognising foreign subsidiaries and associates that are entities with a functional currency different from  
the functional currency of the parent company, the income statements are translated at average exchange rates  
for the month that do not significantly deviate from rates at the transaction date. Balance sheet items are  
translated using the exchange rate at the balance sheet date. Exchange difference arising out of the translations  
of foreign subsidiaries´ equity at the beginning of the year at the balance sheet date exchange rates as well as  
out if the translation of income statements from average rates to the exchange rates at the balance sheet date  
are recognized in other comprehensive income.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
62  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
Tax on profit/loss for the year  
Tax for the year, which consists of current tax and changes in deferred tax, is recognized in the income  
statement by the portion attributable to the profit for the year and in other comprehensive income or recognized  
directly in equity by the portion attributable to entries respectively in other comprehensive income or directly  
in equity.  
Current tax payable and tax receivables is recognized in the balance as calculated tax of the years´ taxable  
income, regulated with paid tax on account, using rates enacted at the balance sheet date.  
Deferred tax on all temporary differences between the carrying amount and the tax base of assets and liabilities  
is measured using the balance sheet liability method. However, deferred tax is not recognized on temporary  
differences relating to goodwill. Where alternative tax rules can be applied to determine the tax base, deferred  
tax is measured based on management´s planned use if the asset or settlement of the liability. If specific  
dividend plans exist for subsidiaries in countries levying withholding tax on distributions, deferred tax is  
recognized on expected dividend payments. Deferred tax assets, including the tax base of tax loss carry  
forward, are recognized under other non-current assets at the expected value of their utilization, either as a set-  
off against tax on future income or as a set-off against deferred tax liabilities in same legal tax entity and  
jurisdiction.  
Deferred tax assets and tax liabilities are offset if the entity has a legally enforced right to offset current tax  
liabilities and tax assets or intends either to settle current tax liabilities and tax assets or to realize the assets  
and settle the liabilities simultaneously. Deferred tax assets are subject to annual impairment tests and reced  
only to the extent that it is probable that the assets will be utilized. Adjustments are made to deferred tax  
resulting from elimination of unrealized intra-group profits and losses.  
Deferred tax is measured according to the tax rules and at the tax rates applicable in the respective countries at  
the end of the reporting period and when the deferred tax is expected to crystallize as current tax. The change in  
deferred tax as a result of changes in tax rates is recognized in the income statement. Changes to deferred tax  
on items recognized in other comprehensive income are, however, recognized in other comprehensive income.  
Segment information  
The reporting on business segments follows the structure of TRESU’s internal management reporting to  
internal stakeholders and the group Executive Board. The group Executive Board uses business segmentation  
when allocating resources and following up on results. The internal reporting does not allocate assets or  
liabilities to the segments.  
Revenue  
The Group recognized revenue from the following major sources:  
Sales of Flexo Inline Printing machines – mostly recognized as contract work in progress  
Sales of ancillary products  
Revenue from sales of manufactured goods and goods for resale is recognized in the income statement when  
delivery is made, and control is transferred to the buyer, and the consideration agreed is expected to received.  
Control is generally deemed to be transferred upon delivery of the components in accordance with the agreed  
delivery plan.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
63  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
Revenue from ancillary products is generally recognized upon shipment of products, provided there are no  
significant uncertainties regarding customer acceptance, persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the  
sales prices are fixed and determinable, and it is probable that the sales are collectible. Amounts billed to  
customers for shipping and handlings are included in net sales and are recorded upon shipment of goods to  
customers. Costs of providing these services are included in costs of sales.  
Customized solutions, with a high degree of customisation, are recognized over time as machines are  
constructed based on the stage of completion of the individual contracts based on actual costs, as contract work  
in progress. The cost to cost as the method to calculate the stage of completion is due to the fact that both  
labour hours and materials are significant part of the costs. See also descriptions below regarding contract work  
in progress. Where the profit from a contract work cannot be estimated reliably, revenue is only recognized  
equalling the cost incurred to the extent that it is probable that the cost will be recovered. Revenue from sales  
of services is recognized in the income statement over the term if agreement as the services are provided.  
Revenue is recognized net of VAT, duties and sales discounts is measured at fair value if the consideration  
fixed. Payment for the service contract can be paid in advance or over the service period´s execution.  
Contract work in progress  
Revenue from project work in progress relates to production of assets without an alternative use to the Group  
and the Group has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.  
If the selling price of a project work in progress can be measured reliably, revenue and costs related to the  
contract is recognized according to the stage of completion on balance sheet date.  
If the selling price of a project work in progress cannot be made up reliably, revenue is recognized according  
to costs, if these costs are likely to be regained.  
Cost of sales work and contracting are recognized in the income statement as occurred.  
Production costs  
Production costs comprise expenses incurred to earn revenue for the financial period. Production costs  
comprise direct and indirect costs for raw materials and consumables, wages and salaries, rent and lease as  
well as amortization, depreciation and impairment losses relating to intangible assets and property, plant and  
equipment included in the production process. In addition, the item includes ordinary write-down of  
inventories.  
Also, provisions for loss on contract work in progress are recognized under production costs.  
Also, research and development costs include research costs, costs of development projects that do not meet  
the criteria for recognition in the balance sheet.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
64  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
Distribution costs  
Distribution costs comprise costs incurred for sale and distribution of products, including wages and salaries  
for sales staff, advertising costs, traveling and entertainment expenses, etc. as well as amortization,  
depreciations and impairment losses relating to intangible assets and property, plant and equipment attached  
to the distribution process.  
Administrative costs  
Administrative costs comprise costs incurred for administrative functions, including wages and salaries for  
administrative staff and Management, stationary and office supplies as well as amortization, depreciation and  
impairment losses relating to intangible assets and property, plant and equipment for administration of the  
entity.  
Other operating income  
Other operating income comprises gain on sale of fixed assets.  
Other operating expenses  
Other operating expenses comprises loss on sale of fixed assets.  
Financial income  
Financial income comprises interest income, net capital gains on securities, payables and transactions in  
foreign currencies, amortization of financial assets.  
Financial expenses  
Financial expenses comprise interest expenses, net capital losses on payables and transactions in foreign  
currencies, amortization of financial liabilities.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
65  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
Balance Sheet  
Goodwill and other intangible assets  
On initial recognition, goodwill is recognized at cost in the balance sheet as described under “Business  
combinations”. Subsequently, goodwill is measured at cost any less accumulated impairment losses.  
The carrying amount of goodwill is allocated to the Group´s cash-generating units at the time of acquisition.  
Determination of cash-generating units complies with the management structure and management control of  
the Group.  
Goodwill is recognized as an asset and is tested for impairment annually, or on such other occasions that events  
or changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired. On disposal of a subsidiary, the amount  
attributable of unamortized goodwill that has not been subject to impairment is included in the determination  
of the gain or loss on disposal.  
Intangible assets other than goodwill are valued at cost less accumulated amortization and any impairment  
losses. Brands have been assigned an indefinite useful life. “TRESU" brand has been in existence since 1981  
and given the strength of the brand, it is likely to continue in the future. Capitalized development costs are  
amortized on a straight-line basis over a 3-12 useful life. Customer relationships, patens and other intangibles  
are amortized on a straight-line basis over a 3-14-year useful life. Costs for acquired assets represent the  
purchase price acquisition.  
Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not depreciated but are annually tested for impairments. If the  
carrying amount of the assets exceeds the recoverable value, it will be written down to lower value, see the  
section below regarding impairment.  
Development projects on clearly defined and identifiable products and process, for which the technical rate of  
utilization, adequate resources and potential future market or development opportunity in the enterprise can be  
established, and where the intention is to manufacture, market or apply the product or process in question, are  
recognized as intangible assets. Other development costs are recognized as costs in the income statement as  
incurred.  
The cost of development projects comprises costs such as salaries and amortization that are directly and  
indirectly attributable to the development projects.  
Indirect production costs in the form of indirect attributable staff costs and amortization of intangible assets  
and depreciation on property, plant and equipment used in the development process are recognized in costs  
based on time spent on each project.  
Profit and losses from sales of other intangible assets are calculated as the difference between selling price less  
selling costs and the carrying amount at the time of the sale. Profits or losses are recognized in the income  
statement under other operating income/-expenses.  
Estimated useful lives and residual values are reassessed annually.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
66  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
Property, plant and equipment  
Land and buildings are measured at costs less accumulated and impairment losses. Land is not depreciated.  
Plan and machinery as well as other fixtures, tools and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated  
depreciation and impairment losses.  
Cost comprises the acquisition price, costs directly attributable to the acquisition, and preparation costs of the  
assets until the time when it is ready to be put into operation. For company-manufactures assets, costs comprise  
direct and indirect costs of materials, components, sub suppliers and labor costs.  
For assets held under leases, cost is the lower of the asset´s fair value and present value of future lease  
payments.  
The basis of depreciation is cost less estimated residual value after end of useful life. Straight-line depreciation  
is made on the basis of the following estimated useful lives of the assets:  
Buildings  
33 years  
Plant and machinery  
3-20 years  
Other fixtures and fittings, tools and equipment  
3-20 years  
Leasehold improvements  
3-20 years  
Estimated useful lives and residual values are reassessed annually.  
Property, plant and equipment are written down to the lower of recoverable amount and carrying amount.  
Profits and losses from the sale of property, plant and equipment are calculated as the difference between  
selling price less selling costs and carrying amount at the time of sale. Profit or losses are recognized in the  
income statement under the operating income/-expenses.  
Impairment of intangible and tangible assets  
The carrying amount of both intangible and tangible assets and items of property, plant and equipment are  
reviewed annually for indicators of impairment in addition to that reflected through amortization and  
depreciation. However, goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested annually.  
If any such indication exist, impairment tests are made of each assets and group of assets, respectively. Write-  
down is made to the lower of recoverable amount and carrying amount.  
The recoverable amount is the higher of net selling price and value in use. Value in use is the present value of  
the estimated net income from using the assets or the group of assets.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
67  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
Leases  
Leased assets and lease liabilities are recognized in the balance sheet when the leased asset under a lease  
entered into regarding a specific identifiable asset is made available to the Group in the lease term, and when  
the Group obtains the right to substantially all economic benefits from the use of the identified asset and the  
right to control the use of the identified asset.  
On initial recognition, lease liabilities are measured at the present value of the future lease payments discounted  
by an incremental borrowing rate. The following lease payments are recognized as part of the lease liabilities:  
Fixed payments  
Variable payments that change concurrently with changes to an index and an interest rate based on  
said index or interest rate  
Exercise price of call options that it is reasonably certain that management will exercise  
Payments subject to an extension option that it is reasonably certain that the Group will exercise  
Penalty related to a termination option unless it is reasonably certain that the Group will not exercise  
the option.  
The lease liabilities is measured at amortized cost according to the effective interest method. The lease  
liabilities is recalculated when the underlying contractual cash flows change due to changes in an index or an  
interest rate if the Group’s estimate of a residual value guarantee changes or if the Group changes its assessment  
of whether call options, extension options or termination option can reasonably be expected to be exercised.  
On initial recognition, the leased asset is measured at cost, corresponding to the value of the lease liabilities  
adjusted for prepaid lease payments plus directly related costs and estimated costs for demolition, repairs or  
the like and less discounts or other types of incentive payments received from the lessor.  
Subsequently, the asset is measured at cost less accumulated depreciations and impairment losses. The leased  
asset is depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and the useful life of the leased asset. Depreciations  
changes are recognized on a straight-line bass in the income statement.  
The leased asset is adjusted for changes to the lease liabilities due to changes to the term of the lease or changes  
to the cash flows of the lease concurrently with changes to an index or an interest rate.  
Leased assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term, which is:  
Property  
10-15 years  
Cars  
3-5 years  
Other assets  
3-5 years  
The Group presents the leased asset and the lease liabilities separately in the balance sheet.  
The Group has chosen not to recognize leased assets of a low value and short-term leases in the balance sheet.  
Instead related payments are recognized on a straight-line basis in the income statement.  
The related lease liability is disclosed in the current and non-current other liabilities in the financial statement.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
68  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
Inventories  
Inventories are measured at the lower of the cost using the FIFO method and net realizable value. Costs consists  
of purchase price. Cost of manufactured goods and work in progress consists of costs of raw materials,  
consumables, direct labor costs and indirect productions costs.  
Indirect production costs comprise indirect materials and labor costs, costs of maintenance, of depreciations  
on and impairment losses relating to machinery, factory buildings and equipment applied for the manufacturing  
process as well as costs of factory administration and management. Financing costs are not included.  
The net realizable value of inventories is calculated as the estimated selling price less completion costs and  
costs incurred to execute sale.  
Receivables  
Receivables are measured at amortized cost, usually equaling nominal value less write-downs for bad and  
doubtful debts.  
Contract work in progress  
Contract work in progress is measured at the selling price of the work carried out at the balance sheet date.  
The selling price is measured based on the stage of completion and the total estimated income from the  
individual contracts in progress. Usually, the stage of completion is determined as the ratio of actual to total  
budgeted consumption of cost. The cost elements in projects are internal and external hours as well as the  
purchase of materials from subcontractors, and it is estimated that the total costs best reflect the progress of  
the projects. For some projects where the consumption of resources cannot be applied as a basis, the ratio  
between completed and total sub activities of the individual projects has been applied.  
If the selling price of a contract work in progress cannot be made up reliably, it is measured at the lower of  
cost incurred and net realizable value.  
Each contract work in progress is recognized in the balance sheet under receivables or liabilities other than  
provisions, depending on whether the net value, calculated as the selling price less prepayment received, is  
positive or negative.  
Cost of sales work and of securing contracts as well as financing costs are recognized in the income statement  
as incurred.  
Prepayments  
Prepayments comprise incurred costs relating to subsequent financial years. Prepayments are measured at  
costs.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
69  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
Other provisions  
Other provisions comprise anticipated cost of non-recourse guarantee commitments, loss on contract work in  
progress, decided and published restructurings, etc.  
Other provisions are recognized and measured as the best estimate of the expenses required to settle the  
liabilities at the balance sheet date. Provisions that are estimated to mature more than one year after the balance  
sheet date are measured at their discounted value.  
Once it is likely that total costs will exceed total income from a contract in progress, provision is made for the  
total loss estimated to result from the relevant contract.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
70  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
Liabilities  
Corporate bonds and bank debt are recognized at the time of borrowing at fair value less transaction costs  
incurred, equivalent to the proceeds received. Subsequently, corporate bonds and bank debt are recognized at  
amortized cost equal to the capitalized value using the effective interest method to the effect that the difference  
between the proceeds and nominal amount is recognized in the statement of comprehensive income over the  
term of the loan.  
If corporate bonds are redeemed, this is done at fair value and any gain or loss is recognized through the income  
statement.  
Other liabilities including debt to suppliers as well as other payables are measured at amortized cost which  
usually correspond to nominal value.  
Lease liabilities  
Lease liabilities relating to assets held under leases are recognized in the balance sheet as liabilities other than  
provisions, and at the time of inception of the lease, measured at the present value of future lease payments.  
Subsequent to initial recognition, lease liabilities are measured at amortized costs.  
The difference between present value and nominal amount of the lease payment is recognized in the income  
statement as financial expense over term of the leases.  
Contract liabilities  
Prepayments received from customers comprise amounts from customers prior to recognition of revenue, cf.  
section on contract work in progress.  
Prepayments received from customers  
Prepayments received from customers comprise amounts received from customers prior to delivery of the  
goods agreed or completion of the service agreed.  
Cash flow statement  
The cash flow statement shows cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities as well as cash  
and cash equivalents at the beginning and the end of the financial year.  
The cash flow from acquisition and disposal of entities comprises the cash consideration paid/received net of  
cash and cash equivalents acquired /disposed of with the entities.  
Cash flows from operating activities are presented using the indirect method and calculated as the operating  
profit/loss adjusted for non-cash operating items, working capital changes and income taxes paid.  
Cash flows from investing activities comprise payments in connection with acquisition and divestment of  
subsidiaries, activities and fixed asset investment as well as purchase, development, improvement and sale etc.  
of intangible assets and property, plant equipment, including acquisition of assets held under leases.  
Cash flow from financing activities comprise changes in the size or composition of the contributed capital and  
related costs as well as the raising of loans, inception of lease debt, instalments on interest-bearing debt, and  
purchase of treasury shares and payment of dividend.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
71  
Notes to consolidated financial statements  
Cash flows in other currencies than basic currency is translated at average exchange rates for the months that  
do not significantly deviate from the rates at the transactions date. In the latter case is used the actual exchange  
rate for a specific date.  
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and short-term securities with an insignificant price risk.  
Tax exempt contribution  
Tax exempt contribution consist of cash and debt conversion. Cash is recognized at nominal value and debt  
conversions are recognized at fair value.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
72  
Parent statement of comprehensive income  
1/1 - 31/12 1/1 - 31/12  
2023  
2022  
Notes  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Management fee  
7.771  
(10.674)  
(2.903)  
8.721  
(14.547)  
(5.826)  
Administration costs  
Operating profit/loss  
3,4,5  
Profit/loss in group subsidaries  
Financial income  
(180.000)  
3.477  
(248.000)  
77  
6
7
Financial expense  
(41.595)  
(221.021)  
(27.801)  
(281.550)  
Profit/loss before tax  
Tax on profit/loss for the year  
8
4.996  
5.845  
Profit for the year  
(216.025)  
(275.705)  
Total comprehensive income  
(216.025)  
(275.705)  
Profit for the year attributable to:  
Owners of the Company  
(216.025)  
(216.025)  
(275.705)  
(275.705)  
Total comprehensive income for the year attributable to:  
Owners of the Company  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
73  
Parent balance sheet  
31.12.2023 31.12.2022  
Notes  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Investments in group subsidiary  
9,10  
103.208  
283.208  
Financial assets  
103.208  
283.208  
Deferred tax asset  
12  
5.154  
4.468  
Other non-current assets  
5.154  
4.468  
Non-current assets  
108.362  
287.676  
Other receivables  
Prepayments  
0
332  
332  
204  
277  
481  
Receivables  
Cash  
363  
695  
16.361  
16.842  
Current assets  
Assets  
109.057  
304.518  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
74  
Parent balance sheet  
31.12.2023 31.12.2022  
Notes  
11  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Contributed capital  
Retained earnings  
Equity  
2.925  
(347.674)  
(344.749)  
2.923  
(150.968)  
(148.045)  
Corporate bonds  
13  
14  
444.750  
434.211  
Non-current liabilities  
444.750  
434.211  
Income tax payable  
Trade payables  
978  
4.314  
948  
8.926  
1.122  
3.770  
4.534  
18.352  
Payable group company  
Other payables  
2.816  
9.056  
Current liabilities  
Total liabilities  
453.806  
109.057  
452.563  
304.518  
Equity and liabilities  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
75  
Parent statement of changes in equity  
Contri-  
buted  
capital  
Retained  
earnings  
Total  
DKK'000 DKK'000 DKK'000  
Equity at 1 January 2023  
Capital increase  
2.923 (150.968) (148.045)  
2
0
19.319  
19.321  
Profit for the period  
(216.025) (216.025)  
Equity at 31 December 2023  
2.925 (347.674) (344.749)  
Equity at 1 January 2022  
Capital increase  
2.922  
94.993  
29.744  
97.915  
29.745  
1
0
Profit for the period  
(275.705) (275.705)  
Equity at 31 December 2022  
2.923 (150.968) (148.045)  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
76  
Parent cash flow statement  
1/1 - 31/12 1/1 - 31/12  
2023  
2022  
Notes  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Operating profit/loss  
(2.903)  
1.623  
(5.826)  
(1.160)  
(6.986)  
Working capital changes  
17  
Cash flows from ordinary operating activities  
(1.280)  
Financial income received  
56  
(27.635)  
(3.638)  
55  
(23.054)  
7.978  
Financial expenses paid  
Income taxes refunded/(paid)  
Cash flow from operating activities  
(32.497)  
(22.007)  
Capital increase  
19.321  
(2.822)  
16.499  
29.745  
7.489  
Group receivables / payables  
Cash flows from financing activities  
37.234  
Increase/decrease in cash and cash equivalents  
(15.998)  
15.227  
Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January  
16.361  
1.134  
Cash and cash equivalents end of year  
363  
16.361  
Cash and cash equivalents at year end are composed of:  
Cash  
363  
16.361  
Cash and cash equivalents end of year  
18  
363  
16.361  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
77  
Notes to the parent financial statement  
Overview notes  
1. Accounting policies and material accounting policy information  
2. Use of estimates and judgement  
3. Fees to auditors appointed at the Annual General Meeting  
4. Staff costs  
5. Defined contribution plans  
6. Financial income  
7. Financial expenses  
8. Income tax  
9. Investments in group subsidiaries  
10. Subsidiaries  
11. Share capital  
12. Deferred tax  
13. Corporate bonds  
14. Liabilities  
15. Contingent liabilities  
16. Pledge assets  
17. Change in working capital  
18. Cash and cash equivalents  
19. Financial risks  
20. Related parties with controlling interests  
21. Shareholder relations  
22. Consolidation  
23. Events after the balance sheet date  
24. Adopting the annual report for publication  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
78  
Notes to parent financial statement  
1. Accounting policies and material accounting policy information  
The Annual Report of Tresu Investment Holding A/S, a Danish company, has been prepared in accordance  
with IFRS Accounting Standards, as adopted by the EU, and additional Danish requirements applicable to  
reporting class D enterprises, including the statutory order on adoption of IFRS issued pursuant to the Danish  
Financial Statements Act.  
The Parent Company basically uses the same accounting policies as the Group. The cases where the Parent  
Company´s accounting policies differ from the Group are described below. For detailed description of the  
parent company´s use accounting policies are referred to note 35 of the consolidated financial statements.  
Instances where the parent company´s accounting policies differ from the Group  
Investment in group subsidiaries are measured at cost. If the acquisition cost exceeds the investments  
recoverable value, an impairment loss is recognized.  
2. Use of estimates and judgement  
Recoverable amounts for capital participation in subsidiaries  
On indication that the book value (cost) of investments in subsidiaries has fallen, any impairment requirement  
is determined based on the specification of the capital value of the subsidiary in question, cf. the section on  
Recoverable amount of Goodwill in the Consolidated financial statement note 2 and the section on impairment  
loss in note 35 of the Consolidated financial statements.  
If dividends are distributed for more than the subsidiary´s total income during the period in which dividends  
are to be distributed, this is considered an indication of impairment loss. If an impairment of goodwill is  
recognized in the consolidated financial statements which can be attributed to a subsidiary, this is also  
considered as an indication of impairment loss.  
Other significant estimates and judgement  
For a description of other significant estimates and judgements refer to note 2 of the consolidated financial  
statement.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
79  
Notes to parent financial statement  
3. Fees to auditors appointed at the Annual General Meeting  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Statutory audit  
283  
202  
Other services  
142  
892  
Total fees to auditors appointed at the Annual General Meeting  
425  
1.094  
Other services relates to extra work in relation to the capital situation.  
4. Staff costs  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Board fees  
1.151  
6.977  
356  
1.150  
7.483  
270  
Wages and salaries to the Executive Board  
Pensions  
Other social security costs  
Total staff costs  
24  
11  
8.508  
8.914  
Average number of employees  
3
2
Staff costs are recognized in administration costs.  
Remuneration of management  
Board of Directors  
Executive Board  
2023  
2022  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Board fees  
1.151  
1.150  
0
0
Wages and salaries to the Executive Board  
Pensions  
0
0
0
0
6.977  
356  
7.483  
270  
Allocated to TRESU A/S  
(1.093)  
58  
(1.093)  
57  
(6.966)  
367  
(7.365)  
388  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
80  
Notes to parent financial statement  
5. Defined contribution plans  
The company has defined contribution plans with the majority of the employees. According to the agreements  
the Group entities are monthly paying an amount of 10% of the basic salaries and wages. The payment regarding  
each employee is paid to an independent pension company.  
6. Financial income  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Financial income from group enterprises  
Interest income  
56  
55  
52  
0
22  
0
Gain on foreign exchange  
Other financial income  
3.369  
3.477  
0
Total financial income  
77  
Other financial income is effected by a modification gain linked to renewed bonds agreement.  
7. Financial expenses  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Interest expense  
36.027  
1.924  
1.014  
2.630  
41.595  
23.164  
1.924  
64  
Bond price adjustment  
Loss on foreign exchange  
Other financial expenses  
Total financial expenses  
2.649  
27.801  
Interest expense consist primarily of interest for the bond obligation.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
81  
Notes to parent financial statement  
8. Income tax  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Current tax for the year  
(2.664)  
(263)  
(2.571)  
(616)  
(2.658)  
0
Deferred tax for the year  
Adjustments recognized for current tax from prior periods  
Adjustments recognized for deferred tax from prior periods  
Corporation tax for the year  
(1.646)  
(423)  
(4.996)  
(5.845)  
Income tax expense attributable to income before income taxes differed from the amounts computed applying  
the Danish income tax rate of 22,0%.  
Tax on profit the year breaks down as follows:  
Calculated tax on profit for the year before tax  
Tax effect of:  
22,0%  
22,0%  
Adjustment prior year  
0,9%  
(20,6%)  
2,3%  
0,9%  
(20,8%)  
2,1%  
Non-deductible expenses/non-taxable income  
Effective tax rate  
9. Investments in group subsidiaries  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Cost at the beginning of the year  
1.054.619  
1.054.619  
Cost at the end of the year  
1.054.619  
1.054.619  
Impairment at the  
beginning of the year  
(771.411)  
(180.000)  
(951.411)  
(523.411)  
(248.000)  
(771.411)  
Impairment for the year  
Impairment end of the year  
Carrying amount end of year  
103.208  
283.208  
An impairment loss has been recognized in 2023 as the acquisition cost exceeds the investments recoverable  
value. The basis of the impairment test has been executed in line with steps outlined in note 13 to group  
financial statements and with respect of the net debt level in the group subsidiaries.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
82  
Notes to parent financial statement  
10. Subsidiaries  
Interest  
and share  
of voting  
rights, %  
2023  
Interest  
and share  
of voting  
rights, %  
2022  
Corporate  
form  
Registered in  
TRESU A/S  
Kolding, Denmark  
Varese, Italy  
A/S  
S.r.l  
100,0  
100,0  
100,0  
100,0  
100,0  
100,0  
100,0  
100,0  
100,0  
100,0  
TRESU Italia S.r.l.  
TRESU Royse Inc.  
TRESU Japan Co. Ltd.  
TRESU Vertriebs GmbH  
Dallas, USA  
Inc.  
Osaka, Japan  
Ltd.  
Celle, Germany  
GmbH  
11. Share capital  
The share capital consists of shares with a nominal value of DKK 1 each. The shares have been paid in full.  
The shares have not been divided into classes and no special rights have been attached to the shares.  
The share capital can be made up as follows:  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Number of shares 1st January  
2.923  
2
2.922  
1
Capital increase by cash deposit  
Number of shares 31st December  
2.925  
2.923  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
83  
Notes to parent financial statement  
12. Deferred tax  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Deferred tax assets  
Deferred tax liabilities  
Total deferred tax  
5.895  
0
4.468  
0
5.895  
4.468  
The deferred tax assets relate to the difference between the tax rules and accounting rule for amortized bond  
fees, and we expect to utilize the tax asset within the next 2 years as it links to the expiration of the bonds as  
well.  
Recognized  
Deferred  
tax 01.01  
DKK'000  
Recognized  
in profit  
Recognized  
equity  
in other  
comp.inc.  
DKK'000  
Total  
31.12  
2023  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Liabilities and other provisions  
(4.468)  
(1.427)  
0
0
(5.895)  
Temporary differences  
(4.468)  
(1.427)  
0
0
(5.895)  
Recognized  
in other  
Deferred  
tax 01.01  
DKK'000  
Recognized  
in profit  
Recognized  
Total  
31.12  
equity  
comp.inc.  
DKK'000  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Liabilities and other provisions  
(3.851)  
(617)  
0
0
(4.468)  
Temporary differences  
(3.851)  
(617)  
0
0
(4.468)  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
84  
Notes to parent financial statement  
13. Corporate bonds  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Corporate bonds  
448.984  
(4.234)  
444.750  
439.471  
(5.260)  
434.211  
Corporate bonds fees, amortized  
Corporate bonds in the balance sheet:  
Non-current liabilities  
444.750  
434.211  
444.750  
434.211  
Interest  
fixed or  
variabel  
Amortized  
cost  
Nominal  
Value  
Fair  
Value  
Currency  
Expires  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Corporate bond, 3m  
Euribor + 500 bps  
31st December 2023  
EUR  
Jan. 2027  
Variable  
444.750  
430.406  
64.561  
444.750  
430.406  
64.561  
Interest  
fixed or  
variabel  
Amortized  
cost  
Nominal  
Value  
Fair  
Value  
Currency  
Expires  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Corporate bond, 3m  
Euribor + 500 bps  
31st December 2022  
EUR  
Jan. 2025  
Variable  
434.211  
430.406  
215.203  
434.211  
430.406  
215.203  
Since the issue in September 2017, the bonds have been adjusted with the exchange rate EUR/DKK at the end  
of the year. Level 2 from the fair value hierarchy has been used. Further information in consolidation note 22.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
85  
Notes to parent financial statement  
14. Liabilities  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Payable staff costs  
Other liabilities  
2.004  
812  
4.301  
233  
2.816  
4.534  
15. Contingent liabilities  
The Group´s Danish companies are jointly and severally liable for tax on the Group´s jointly taxed income etc.  
Total corporation tax payable is stated in the Annual Report of Nortre Administration ApS, which is the  
management company in the joint taxation. The Group´s Danish companies are moreover jointly and severally  
liable for Danish withholding taxes in the form of dividend tax, royalty tax and tax on interest. Any subsequent  
adjustments to corporation taxes and withholding taxes may imply that the Company will be liable for a higher  
amount.  
16. Pledged assets etc.  
There has been given a negative pledge in the entity´s assets.  
17. Changes in working capital  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Increase/decrease in receivables  
149  
1.474  
1.623  
(374)  
(786)  
Increase/decrease in trade payables etc.  
(1.160)  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
86  
Notes to parent financial statement  
18. Cash and cash equivalents from financing activities  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Cash and cash equivalents  
363  
363  
16.361  
16.361  
19. Financial risks  
2023  
DKK'000  
2022  
Categories of financial instruments  
DKK'000  
Cash  
363  
16.361  
363  
16.361  
Corporate bonds  
444.750  
4.314  
434.211  
1.122  
Trade payables  
Payables to group companies  
Other payables  
948  
3.770  
2.816  
4.534  
Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost  
452.828  
443.637  
Practice for controlling financial risks  
Reference is made to note 29 of the consolidated financial statement for a description of the practice for  
controlling financial risks.  
It is Parent´s policy not to make any speculation in financial risks.  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
87  
Notes to parent financial statement  
Currency risks  
The Parent has not entered into any derivative financial instruments to hedge recognized financial assets and  
liabilities. The Parent´s currency exposure is specified below:  
Unsecured  
Cash and  
cash equval.  
DKK'000  
Recei-  
vables  
Bond  
debt  
Other  
Net  
Liabilities  
DKK'000  
position  
DKK'000  
2023  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
EUR  
13  
0
(448.984)  
0
(448.971)  
31st December 2023  
13  
0
(448.984)  
0
(448.971)  
Unsecured  
Net  
Cash and  
cash equval.  
DKK'000  
Recei-  
vables  
Bond  
debt  
Other  
Liabilities  
DKK'000  
position  
DKK'000  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
EUR  
294  
0
(439.471)  
0
(439.177)  
31st December 2022  
294  
0
(439.471)  
0
(439.177)  
Sensitivity analysis regarding currency risks  
2023  
2022  
Equity sensitivity to exchange rate fluctuations  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Impact if EUR-rate was 1% lower than actual rate  
4.490  
4.392  
4.490  
4.392  
2023  
2022  
Sensitivity of the result to exchange rate fluctuations  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Impact if EUR-rate was 1% lower than actual rate  
4.490  
4.392  
4.490  
4.392  
The Corporate bonds are issued in EUR and the principal amount is subject to exchange rate fluctuations  
between the Company´s functional currency (DKK) and EUR. A 1% change in the EUR rate at 31st December  
2023 would have affected comprehensive income and equity by approximately DKK 4,5m. The sensitivity  
analysis shows the difference between the 31st December 2023 fair value calculated for the Group´s assets and  
liabilities denominated in EUR.  
,
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
88  
Notes to parent financial statement  
Interest rate risks  
Both corporate bonds and bank debt has a variable interest rate, and therefore the company has a significant  
interest rate risk. Other payables have a short repayment profile, and the company only has a low interest rate  
risk.  
The Parent has a significant degree of interest-bearing financial liabilities and as a consequence is exposed to  
interest rate risks. In regard to the Group´s financial assets and financial liabilities, the following contractual  
interest rate adjustment dates or maturity dates can be specified, depending which date is the earlier, and how  
much of the interest-bearing assets and liabilities are at a fixed-rate. Variable rate loans are deemed to have  
interest rate adjustment dates that fall within one year.  
2023  
2022  
Sensitivity to interest rate fluctuations  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Impact if interest rate was 1% higher than actual rate  
(4.490)  
(4.392)  
(4.490)  
(4.392)  
2023  
2022  
Sensitivity to interest rate fluctuations  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Impact if interest rate was 1% lower than actual rate  
4.490  
4.392  
4.490  
4.392  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
89  
Notes to parent financial statement  
Liquidity risks  
Due dates for financial liabilities are specified below, broken down by the time intervals used in the Group´s  
liquidity management. The specified amounts represent the amounts that fall due for payment, including  
interest, etc.  
Less than 6  
months  
6-12  
1-5  
After  
5 years  
months  
DKK'000  
years  
Total  
2023  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Non-derivative financial liabilities:  
Corporate bonds  
0
0
0
0
0
556.840  
0
0
0
0
556.840  
948  
Group payables  
948  
2.816  
3.764  
0
0
Other payables  
2.816  
560.604  
556.840  
Less than 6  
months  
6-12  
1-5  
After  
5 years  
months  
DKK'000  
years  
Total  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Non-derivative financial liabilities:  
Corporate bonds  
13.403  
3.770  
13.403  
470.124  
0
0
0
0
496.930  
3.770  
Group payables  
0
0
0
0
Other payables  
4.534  
21.707  
4.534  
505.234  
13.403  
470.124  
The Parent liquidity reserve consists of cash.  
Management assesses the Parent liquidity requirements on a regular basis.  
2023  
2022  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
The liquidity reserve is compressed as follows:  
Cash  
363  
363  
16.361  
16.361  
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
90  
Notes to parent financial statement  
Credit risks  
The Group is not exposed to significant credit risks.  
Default of loan agreements  
The Group has not neglected or defaulted loan agreements during the financial year or the comparative year.  
Optimization of capital structure  
Capital structure is managed for the Group as a whole, and there is no policy for the parent company, cf. note  
29 in the consolidated financial statement.  
20. Related parties with controlling interests  
The following parties have a controlling interest:  
Altor Fund IV Holding AB, Stockholm, shareholder, ultimate owner (99,9% ownership)  
Tresu Group Holding A/S, CBR-no. 37752088, Kolding, shareholder (100% ownership), parent  
Other related parties include the company’s Board of Directors and Executive Board. There have been no  
transactions in the financial year with members of the Board of Directors and Executive Board other than those  
which appear from note 4.  
2023  
2022  
Transactions with related parties  
DKK'000  
DKK'000  
Remuneration etc. of key people cf. note 4  
Management fee from group subsidiaries  
Capital increase  
8.508  
7.771  
19.321  
527  
9.145  
8.721  
29.745  
35  
Management fee to related party  
Interest on interim account  
(56)  
(55)  
21. Shareholder relations  
The company has registered the following shareholders, owning more than 5% of the share capital:  
Altor Fund IV Holding AB, Stockholm, shareholder, ultimate owner
Tresu Group Holding A/S, CBR-no. 37752088, Kolding, shareholder, parent
 
Tresu Investment Holding A/S  
91  
Notes to parent financial statement  
22. Consolidation  
Name and registered office of the Parent preparing consolidated financial statements for the smallest group:  
Tresu Group Holding A/S, CBR-no. 37752088, Venusvej 44, DK-6000 Kolding  
Name and registered office of the Parent preparing consolidated financial statements for the largest group:  
Altor Fund Manager AB, SE-Stockholm  
23. Events after the balance sheet date  
No event after the balance date has happened that will affect the matter of this report.  
24. Adopting the annual report for publication  
The board members have on the board meeting on the 18.03.2024 approved present Annual Report for  
publication. The Annual Report will be submitted to the shareholders for approval at the Annual General  
Meeting on 18.03.2024.