
5
Audit response to the risk of fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations
In chapter ‘Risk management and internal controls’ of the annual report, the Board of
Management describes its procedures in respect of the risk of fraud and non-compliance with
laws and regulations and the supervisory board reflects on this.
As part of our audit, we have gained insights into the Company and its business environment,
and assessed the design and implementation of the Company’s risk management in relation to
fraud and non-compliance. Our procedures included, among other things, assessing the
Company’s code of conduct, whistleblowing procedures, incidents register and its procedures to
investigate indications of possible fraud and non-compliance. Furthermore, we performed
relevant inquiries with management, those charged with governance and other relevant
functions, such as Internal Audit, Legal Counsel and Compliance. As part of our audit
procedures, we:
— assessed other positions held by Board of Management members and/or other employees
and paid special attention to procedures and governance/compliance in view of possible
conflicts of interest;
— evaluated investigation reports, if any, on indications of possible fraud and non-compliance;
— evaluated correspondence with supervisory authorities and regulators, such as the AFM, as
well as legal confirmation letters.
In addition, we performed procedures to obtain an understanding of the legal and regulatory
frameworks that are applicable to the Company and identified the following areas as those most
likely to have a material effect on the financial statements:
— anti-bribery and corruption laws and regulations.
We, together with our forensic specialists, evaluated the fraud and non-compliance risk factors to
consider whether those factors indicate a risk of material misstatement in the financial
statements.
Further, we assessed the presumed fraud risk on revenue recognition in relation to gross rental
income as irrelevant as there is limited perceived pressure on management and limited
opportunity. Additionally, there is little judgement involved as the revenue related to gross rental
income is contractually agreed.
Based on the above and on the auditing standards, we identified two fraud risks that are relevant
to our audit, including the relevant presumed risk laid down in the auditing standards. A fraud risk
is identified in relation to possible corruption risks which relate to acquisitions and disposals of
investment property. The other risk identified is the presumed fraud risk of management override
of controls.
Management override of controls (a presumed risk)
Risk:
— Management is in a unique position to manipulate accounting records and prepare fraudulent
financial statements by overriding controls that otherwise appear to be operating effectively
Responses:
— We evaluated the design and the implementation of internal controls that mitigate fraud risks,
such as processes related to journal entries and estimates.
— We performed a data analysis of high-risk journal entries (adjustments to initially recorded
changes in fair value of investment property above a threshold) which were subject to the
examination of our valuation experts and evaluated the key estimates with respect to
valuation of investment property and judgments for bias by the Board of Management
including retrospective reviews of prior year estimates. Where we identified instances of
unexpected journal entries or other risks through our data analytics, we performed additional
audit procedures to address each identified risk, including testing of transactions back to
source information.
— We have identified and evaluated relevant entity level controls (control environment, risk
assessment process, communication and monitoring of controls).
— We incorporated elements of unpredictability in our audit, which amongst others included
samples regarding investment property valuations and the assessment whether unexplained
transactions have occurred before or after the disposition of the property.
— We have inquired the (group) accounting staff whether they have been requested to make
improper accounting entries.
We communicated our risk assessment, audit responses and results to management and the Audit
Committee of the Supervisory Board.
Our audit procedures did not reveal indications and/or reasonable suspicion of fraud and non-
compliance that are considered material for our audit.
Fraud risk in relation to acquisition and disposals of investment properties
Risk:
— In relation to acquisitions and disposals of investment properties a potential fraud risk and
corruption risk is identified to possible disproportional payments and use of agents and/or
advisors in connection with transactions, obtaining permits and rationale of the transactions.
Responses:
— in respect of fraud risks related to transactions in relation to the acquisition and disposals of
investment property, component auditors obtained an understanding of management’s anti-
fraud controls (amongst others counterparty due diligence, four-eyes principle, procurement
procedures for development/construction contracts).
6
Management override of controls (a presumed risk)
Risk:
— Management is in a unique position to manipulate accounting records and prepare fraudulent
financial statements by overriding controls that otherwise appear to be operating effectively
Responses:
— We evaluated the design and the implementation of internal controls that mitigate fraud risks,
such as processes related to journal entries and estimates.
— We performed a data analysis of high-risk journal entries (adjustments to initially recorded
changes in fair value of investment property above a threshold) which were subject to the
examination of our valuation experts and evaluated the key estimates with respect to
valuation of investment property and judgments for bias by the Board of Management
including retrospective reviews of prior year estimates. Where we identified instances of
unexpected journal entries or other risks through our data analytics, we performed additional
audit procedures to address each identified risk, including testing of transactions back to
source information.
— We have identified and evaluated relevant entity level controls (control environment, risk
assessment process, communication and monitoring of controls).
— We incorporated elements of unpredictability in our audit, which amongst others included
samples regarding investment property valuations and the assessment whether unexplained
transactions have occurred before or after the disposition of the property.
— We have inquired the (group) accounting staff whether they have been requested to make
improper accounting entries.
We communicated our risk assessment, audit responses and results to management and the Audit
Committee of the Supervisory Board.
Our audit procedures did not reveal indications and/or reasonable suspicion of fraud and non-
compliance that are considered material for our audit.
Fraud risk in relation to acquisition and disposals of investment properties
Risk:
— In relation to acquisitions and disposals of investment properties a potential fraud risk and
corruption risk is identified to possible disproportional payments and use of agents and/or
advisors in connection with transactions, obtaining permits and rationale of the transactions.
Responses:
— in respect of fraud risks related to transactions in relation to the acquisition and disposals of
investment property, component auditors obtained an understanding of management’s anti-
fraud controls (amongst others counterparty due diligence, four-eyes principle, procurement
procedures for development/construction contracts).
— We obtained and inspected contracts ourselves in order to understand the nature of the
transaction.
— performed substantive procedures on individual material acquisitions and disposals including
verifying transfers of ownership in the land registry, verifying rationale on agents and/or
advisors involved and fees involved in the transaction to identify possible indications of fraud
and corruption.
— at Group level we reviewed minutes of board meetings in which the transactions are
discussed and approved by Management
Audit response to going concern
As mentioned in note 3.1 to the financial statements, the Board of Management has performed
its going concern assessment and has not identified any going concern risks. To assess the
management board’s assessment, we have performed, inter alia, the following procedures:
— We considered whether the management’s assessment of the going concern risks included
all relevant information of which we are aware of as a result of our audit
— We assessed whether developments in share price, including the discount in comparison with
the net asset value per share, indicates a significant going concern risk;
— We analyzed the Company’s financial position as at year end and compared it to previous
financial year in terms of indicators that could identify significant going concern risks.
— We evaluated and challenged the reasonableness of the assumptions in respect of projected
liquidity, including loan covenant compliance, available future cash flows from operating,
financing and investing activities and projected key ratios for the future covenant calculations.
The outcome of our risk assessment procedures did not give reason to perform additional audit
procedures on management’s going concern assessment.
Audit response to climate-related risks
The company has set out its ambitions relating to climate change in the chapter ‘Society &
community’ of the annual report. The Company’s ambition is in line with the Paris Agreement to
reduce carbon emission with 30% by 2030 and become carbon neutral by 2045 in all scopes
covering all its activities.
Management has assessed, against the background of the company’s business and operations
at a high level how climate-related risks and opportunities and the Company’s own ambitions
could have a significant impact on its business or could impose the need to adapt its strategy
and operations. Management has considered the impact of both transition and physical risks on
the financial statements in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework, more
specifically the valuation of investment property, as described in section ‘Strategic objectives of
our strategy’ of the annual report.
7
— We obtained and inspected contracts ourselves in order to understand the nature of the
transaction.
— performed substantive procedures on individual material acquisitions and disposals including
verifying transfers of ownership in the land registry, verifying rationale on agents and/or
advisors involved and fees involved in the transaction to identify possible indications of fraud
and corruption.
— at Group level we reviewed minutes of board meetings in which the transactions are
discussed and approved by Management
Audit response to going concern
As mentioned in note 3.1 to the financial statements, the Board of Management has performed
its going concern assessment and has not identified any going concern risks. To assess the
management board’s assessment, we have performed, inter alia, the following procedures:
— We considered whether the management’s assessment of the going concern risks included
all relevant information of which we are aware of as a result of our audit
— We assessed whether developments in share price, including the discount in comparison with
the net asset value per share, indicates a significant going concern risk;
— We analyzed the Company’s financial position as at year end and compared it to previous
financial year in terms of indicators that could identify significant going concern risks.
— We evaluated and challenged the reasonableness of the assumptions in respect of projected
liquidity, including loan covenant compliance, available future cash flows from operating,
financing and investing activities and projected key ratios for the future covenant calculations.
The outcome of our risk assessment procedures did not give reason to perform additional audit
procedures on management’s going concern assessment.
Audit response to climate-related risks
The company has set out its ambitions relating to climate change in the chapter ‘Society &
community’ of the annual report. The Company’s ambition is in line with the Paris Agreement to
reduce carbon emission with 30% by 2030 and become carbon neutral by 2045 in all scopes
covering all its activities.
Management has assessed, against the background of the company’s business and operations
at a high level how climate-related risks and opportunities and the Company’s own ambitions
could have a significant impact on its business or could impose the need to adapt its strategy
and operations. Management has considered the impact of both transition and physical risks on
the financial statements in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework, more
specifically the valuation of investment property, as described in section ‘Strategic objectives of
our strategy’ of the annual report.
Annual Report 2022
Wereldhave N.V.
153
Wereldhave in 2022 Our strategy Our performance and outlook Governance Additional informationIntroduction
Financial statements