
— temporary differences on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that:
• is not a business combination; and
• at the time of the transaction (i) affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss and
(ii) does not give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences;
— temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint
arrangements to the extent that the Group is able to control the timing of the reversal of the
temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future;
and
— taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused tax losses, unused tax credits and deductible
temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available
against which they can be used. Future taxable profits are determined based on the reversal
of relevant taxable temporary differences. If the amount of taxable temporary differences is
insufficient to recognise a deferred tax asset in full, then future taxable profits, adjusted for
reversals of existing temporary differences, are considered, based on the business plans for
individual subsidiaries in the Group. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date
and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be
realised; such reductions are reversed when the probability of future taxable profits improves.
The measurement of deferred tax reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the
manner in which the Group expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying
amount of its assets and liabilities. For this purpose, the carrying amount of investment
property measured at fair value is presumed to be recovered through sale, and the Group has
not rebutted this presumption.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset only if certain criteria are met.
(o) Leases
At inception of a contract, the Group assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A
contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an
identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
(i) As a lessee
At commencement or on modification of a contract that contains a lease component, the Group
allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease component on the basis of its relative
stand-alone prices. However, for the leases of property the Group has elected not to separate
non-lease components and account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease
component.
The Group recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement
date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of
the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date,
plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the
underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any
lease incentives received.
The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the
commencement date to the end of the lease term, unless the lease transfers ownership of the
underlying asset to the Group by the end of the lease term or the cost of the right-of-use asset
reflects that the Group will exercise a purchase option. In that case the right-of-use asset will
be depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset, which is determined on the same
basis as those of property and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically
reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease
liability.