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Annual report 2022
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Contents
Report of the Management Board
Report of the Supervisory Board
Consolidated Financial Statements
Company Financial Statements
Other Information
Independent auditor’s report
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Report of the Management Board
This annual report of ESG Core Investments B.V. (ESG Core Investments or the Company) for the
financial year ended 31 December 2022 consists of the report of the management board of the Company
(the Management Board), including the responsibility statement and other mandatory statements by the
Management Board, the report of the supervisory board (the Supervisory Board), and the Consolidated
Financial Statements, the company accounts, and the accompanying notes.
General
ESG Core Investments B.V. is a private limited liability company incorporated under Dutch law (besloten
vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid), with its statutory seat in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. ESG
Core Investments was admitted to listing and trading on Euronext Amsterdam on 12 February 2021
pursuant to an initial public offering (IPO) in which it raised €250 million in gross proceeds (the Proceeds).
ESG Core Investments is a Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC) and was founded with the aim
to unlock a unique investment opportunity in Europe within industries that benefit from strong
Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) profiles. Since the IPO, ESG has sought to identify and
acquire a stake in a company with a clear ESG focus in the core of its business, preferably headquartered
in North-Western Europe and enjoying a strong competitive position within its industry, ideally based on
unique technology.
Since the IPO, we have been focusing on finding the right target company for our SPAC. Whilst we have
reviewed, and are currently still reviewing, potential target companies, at the date of this annual report, we
have not yet selected a target company that could be proposed to the BC-EGM (as defined below). The
Company currently believes that the consummation of a suitable Business Combination is highly
improbable. Since its IPO, the Company has reviewed more than hundred of potential targets, and had
advanced discussions with multiple of them. Despite extensive efforts to date, none of these discussions
has resulted in the consummation of a Business Combination. Certain prospective targets were, through
investigation, found not to meet the Company’s target business criteria, or otherwise would not result in a
Business Combination at an acceptable valuation, while others elected to pursue other strategic avenues
like a stand-alone IPO or full or partial private sale. Some targets seemed hesitant to pursue a Business
Combination due to macro-economic events impacting valuations and dissapointing stock price
performance in capital markets generally.
Although it is highly probable that the Company will not be able to complete a suitable Business
Combination before the Business Combination Deadline, being 16 February 2023, the Company is
continuing its search process in earnest, in a disciplined manner, and will continue to do so up until the
Business Combination Deadline. This in parallel with preparations for its dissolution and liquidation, such
that the amount held in the Escrow Account can be returned to shareholders as soon as possible after the
Business Combination Deadline, taking into account a statutory creditor opposition period of two months
after the liquidation process commences.
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Should the search process result in a suitable Business Combination target being identified, an extension
of the Business Combination Deadline would be required, and as such a general meeting would be
convened and the corresponding Business Combination put to shareholder vote. More information can be
found in the Company’s press release dated 4 January 2022.
ESG Core Investments has not recorded any operational revenues. The result is attributable to the net
interest rate expense on the Escrow Account (see below) plus a change in the market value of the warrants
and office expenses. Due to the fact that the negative interest was partly off-set by a positive interest, as
announced on 20 September 2022, the Proceeds held in escrow have marginally decreased to €248.9 at
31 December 2022. ESG Core Investments suffered an after-tax loss of €2.8 million over the financial year
ending 31 December 2022.
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About ESG Core Investments B.V.
Capital structure
At incorporation, the Company issued 5,000,000 ordinary shares, each with a nominal value of €0.01, to
Infestos Sustainability B.V. (the Sponsor). Prior to settlement of the IPO these ordinary shares became
founder shares and the number of founder shares has been increased to 6,250,000, each with a nominal
value of €0.01. The Sponsor holds all of the founder shares. In case of a successful Business Combination
only, each founder share will convert into one ordinary share.
Upon completion of the IPO, the Company issued 25,000,000 units for a price of €10 per unit. Each unit
consists of (i) one ordinary share with a nominal value of €0.01 per share (the Ordinary Shares); and (ii)
one-eighth (0.125) market warrant that has been allotted concurrently with, and for, each corresponding
Ordinary Share (such market warrants, the IPO-Market Warrants) and, following completion of the
Business Combination, one-eighth (0.125) market warrant shall be allotted for each Ordinary Share that is
held by a holder of Ordinary Shares on the day that is two trading days after the date of completion of a
Business Combination (such market warrants, the BC-Market Warrants, and together with the IPO-Market
Warrants, the Market Warrants). Consequently, the Company issued 25,000,000 Ordinary Shares and
6,250,000 Market Warrants in aggregate. Each of the Market Warrants will be exercisable after completion
of a Business Combination. Furthermore, the Company issued 4,166,666 founder warrants at a price of
€1.50 per founder warrant (the Founder Warrants) to the Sponsor, exercisable after completion of a
Business Combination. Each whole Market Warrant or Founder Warrant entitles the holder thereof to
exercise such warrant into an ordinary share at an exercise price of €11.50. The Sponsor has the option to
exercise the Founder Warrants on a cashless basis in which case it would receive a certain amount of
Ordinary Shares based on the fair market value of the Ordinary Shares without being obliged to pay cash,
as further set out in the Prospectus.
Furthermore, the Sponsor purchased 1,500,000 units (consisting of 1,500,000 Ordinary Shares, 187,500
IPO-Market Warrants and 187,500 BC-Market Warrants) at the settlement date of the IPO as a cornerstone
investment for a total consideration of €15 million on the terms and conditions as set out in the Prospectus.
If the Company does not complete a business combination within 24 months from the settlement date of
the IPO (the Business Combination Deadline), the Company shall, within no more than three months
after such 24-month period, convene a general meeting for the purpose of adopting a resolution to dissolve
and liquidate the Company and to delist the Ordinary Shares and Market Warrants. To this end, the
Company today convenes the Annual General Meeting (AGM) such that it will take place on 16 February
2023, to also facilitate voting on the dissolution and liquidation of the Company in accordance with its
articles of association and article 2:19 of the Dutch Civil Code as further set out in in the agenda, explanatory
notes and convocation for the AGM, which are published today as well. In the event of a liquidation, the
distribution of the Company’s assets and the allocation of the liquidation surplus shall be completed, after
payment of the Company’s creditors and settlement of its liabilities, in accordance with the rights of the
Founder Shares and the Ordinary Shares and in accordance with a pre-determined order of priority.
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There will be no distribution of proceeds or otherwise with respect to any of the Market Warrants or the
Founder Warrants, and all such Market Warrants and Founder Warrants will automatically expire without
value upon occurrence of such a liquidation.
The Company has convened a general meeting to be held at 16 February 2023 for the purpose of adopting
a resolution to dissolve and liquidate the Company and to delist the Ordinary Shares and Market Warrants.
Considering, the remaining time left between the balance sheet date and 16 February 2023, it is highly
likely that the Company will be delisted, liquidated and dissolved. However, the Company is continuing its
search process in earnest, in a disciplined manner, and will continue to do so up until the Business
Combination Deadline. These conditions indicate the existence of a material uncertainty, which may cast
significant doubt about the company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
Escrow
100% of the Proceeds are held on an escrow account as described in the Prospectus. The escrow account
was subject to a negative interest rate of 0.4% on an annual basis from 16 February 2021 up to and
including 15 February 2022 and a negative interest rate of 0.5% on an annual basis from 16 February 2022
up to and including 30 July 2022. Following a change in market circumstances, the interest rate was
subsequently adjusted to a negative interest rate of 0.25% on an annual basis from 1 August 2022 up to
and including 31 August 2022. The escrow account was subject to an interest of 0.0% on an annual basis
from 1 September 2022 up to and including 18 September 2022. The escrow account was subject to a
positive interest rate of 0.8% on an annual basis from 19 September 2022 up to and including 19 December
2022 and a positive interest rate of 1.793% on an annual basis from 20 December 2022, which will be the
interest rate up to and including 16 April 2023.
Costs
The Sponsor has provided €6.25 million to ESG Core Investments through the purchase of Founder
Warrants to cover the costs (the Costs Cover) for the IPO and as initial working capital of ESG Core
Investments (i.e. costs relating to the search for a business combination and other running costs). The
offering expenses and the initial working capital will be fully at risk for the Sponsor in the event no successful
Business Combination is completed by the Business Combination Deadline.
Management Structure
The Company maintains a two-tier board structure consisting of the Management Board and the
Supervisory Board. The Management Board is responsible for the Company’s day-to-day management,
which includes, among other things, formulating the strategies and policies and setting and achieving the
Company’s objectives. The Supervisory Board supervises and advises the Management Board. Each
Managing Director and Supervisory Director has a duty to the Company to properly perform the duties
assigned to each member and to act in the Company’s corporate interest. Under Dutch law, the corporate
interest extends to the interests of all the Company’s stakeholders, including the Company securities
holders, creditors and employees. In addition to the Management Board and the Supervisory Board, the
Company has an Audit Committee, which exercises the duties as prescribed in the Decree establishment
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audit committee in organisations of public interest (Besluit instelling auditcommissie bij organisaties van
openbaar belang).
The Management Board and the Supervisory Board are jointly responsible for the governance structure of
the Company. As at the date of this annual report, the provisions in Dutch law, which are commonly referred
to as the "large company regime" (structuurregime), do not apply to the Company. The Company does not
intend to voluntarily apply the "large company regime".
The Management Board
Mr Frank van Roij and Mr Hans Slootweg are the managing directors (bestuurders) of ESG Core
Investments.
Mr F.C.P. (Frank) van Roij (born 1982, Dutch) is a managing director since incorporation of the Company.
Since 2015 Mr Frank van Roij works at Infestos Nederland B.V. (Infestos) (which is an affiliate of the
Sponsor) where he currently holds the role of investment director. Mr Frank van Roij’s expertise is in
supporting companies on areas including strategy, (international) business development, sales and
marketing and investor communication. Mr Frank van Roij played an instrumental role in the value creation,
related to, amongst others, the abovementioned areas of support, of Infestos’ portfolio companies including
Alfen and NX Filtration. Mr Frank van Roij is a member of the Supervisory Board of Neways Electronics
International N.V. Prior to joining Infestos, Mr Frank van Roij worked as strategy consultant at Booz &
Company (currently Strategy&, part of the PwC network) (2007-2015). Mr Frank van Roij holds a master’s
degree in civil engineering from Delft University of Technology in Delft, the Netherlands and a bilingual
(English and Spanish) MBA degree from IESE Business School in Barcelona, Spain.
Mr J.G. (Hans) Slootweg (born 1979, Dutch) is a Managing Director of the Company since incorporation
of the Company. Since 2014, Mr Hans Slootweg works at Infestos (which is an affiliate of the Sponsor),
where he currently holds the role of investment director. Mr Hans Slootweg’s expertise is in supporting
companies on areas including technology, R&D, finance and accounting. Mr Hans Slootweg played an
instrumental role in the value creation, related to, amongst others, the abovementioned areas of support,
of Infestos’ portfolio companies including Alfen and NX Filtration. Prior to joining Infestos, Mr Hans Slootweg
worked as manager at Scotch & Soda (2012-2014) and as senior manager at KPMG (2003-2012). Mr Hans
Slootweg is a certified public accountant (CPA) and holds a master’s degree in accountancy from Nyenrode
University in the Netherlands.
Background and Strategy
The Company applies the following guidelines for selecting and evaluating prospective target businesses
(these guidelines together the Target Business Profile):
a) the Company will seek to obtain a majority (or otherwise controlling) stake in a single target business
that is preferably headquartered in (North-Western) Europe, but could have either global or European
operations, by means of a (legal) merger, share exchange, share purchase, contribution in kind, asset
acquisition or combination of these methods;
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b) the Company’s efforts in identifying a prospective target business will focus on, but will not be limited to,
companies with a clear ESG focus in their core business (e.g. in their products and/or services offering),
which contributes to the objectives of one or more Sustainable Development Goals, as set by the United
Nations General Assembly in 2015 (the UN SDGs);
c) the Company will seek to obtain a majority (or otherwise controlling) stake in a single target business (i)
enjoying a strong competitive position within its industry, which is ideally based on unique technology (e.g.
unparalleled technological features in products and/or services offerings), (ii) with a proven business model,
(iii) with high top-line growth and (iv) for a consideration of a substantial amount of the Proceeds;
d) the Company will also focus on a target business that is likely to gain from and be tangibly improved by
leveraging the collective operating, strategic and technical expertise, extensive networks, insights, hands-
on mentality and expertise from the Management Board and the Sponsor;
e) the Company may seek to complete the Business Combination with a company or target business that
may be in its early stages of development or growth and have a negative underlying EBITDA, but in such
case, would, according to the Company, have an outlook of profitable growth; and
f) the Company will not pursue a Business Combination with a financial institution (financiële instelling), an
investment institution (beleggingsonderneming) or a company active in the weapons, tobacco, alcohol,
adult entertainment, gambling, fast food or fossil fuel sectors.
These guidelines that the Company will consider are not intended to be exhaustive. Any evaluation relating
to the merits of a particular acquisition will be based, to the extent relevant, on some or all of the above
factors as well as other considerations deemed relevant to the Company’s business objectives by the
Management Board. For reasons of transparency, the Company elects to disclose the Target Business
Profile as set out above. Such disclosure is without prejudice to the fact that the Company explicitly retains
the flexibility to propose to its Ordinary Shareholders a Business Combination with a target business that
does not meet one or more of the criteria, provided that the Company will not seek to invest in multiple
targets at the same time in the context of the Business Combination. See also Risk Factors - Because the
Company is not limited to a particular industry, sector or any specific target businesses with which to pursue
the Business Combination, you will be unable to ascertain the merits or risks of any particular target
business’ operations.
Progress and Outlook
Throughout 2022, the Management Board has assessed a wide variety of companies in multiple sectors,
mainly across EV (charging), Energy Transition (solar, wind), Clean Water and Sustainable Food. The
Management Board sources leads to potential target companies from e.g. their own network, efforts by the
Supervisory Board, investment banks, inbounds and the broader advisory network. As the Business
Combination Deadline, being 16 February 2023, is rapidly approaching, the Company announces today
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that it currently believes that the consummation of a suitable Business Combination before the Business
Combination Deadline is highly improbable.
Although it is highly probable that the Company will not be able to complete a suitable Business
Combination before the Business Combination Deadline, the Company is continuing its search process in
earnest and will continue to do so up until the Business Combination Deadline. This in parallel with
preparations for its dissolution and liquidation in the event the search process is unsuccessful, such that
the amount held in the Escrow Account can be returned to shareholders as soon as possible after the
Business Combination Deadline, taking into account a statutory creditor opposition period of two months
after the liquidation process commences. The focus of ESG Core remains on niches or unique technologies
and it will always seek to form a Business Combination with a target company at an acceptable valuation
for our shareholders.
Financial developments 2022
The Company did not generate any revenues in the financial year 2022. The expenses incurred by the
Company in the financial year 2022 include amongst others office costs, audit and advisory cost,
management fee, bank costs and net interest. This has resulted in an after-tax loss of €2.8 million for the
financial year ending 31 December 2022. The result is attributable to the net interest rate expense on the
Escrow Account (see below) plus a change in the market value of the warrants and office expenses. Due
to the negative interest, the Proceeds held in escrow have marginally decreased to €248.9 million at 31
December 2022.
Corporate Social Responsibility
If the Company would be able to complete a Business Combination, the target business should have a
clear ESG focus in its core business that aims to contribute to the objectives of one or more Sustainable
Development Goals, as set by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015 (the UN SDGs). Within this
context, the Company sees an increased focus on sustainability and impact to achieve the UN SDGs. This
focus is driving various attractive and high-growth business opportunities that can contribute to the solution
of complex global challenges, e.g. transitioning to sustainable energy, access to clean water, quality health
services, education and reskilling, industrial innovation, reduction of waste and fighting climate change.
In identifying a prospective target business for the Company, the Management Board has amongst others
used the lens of the UN SDGs, which reflect social and environmental trends that are re-shaping the world.
The Management Board believes that the most successful companies of the next decade will find scalable
solutions to challenges that contribute to positive outcomes and unlock lasting economic value. The
Management Board believes that by investing in a more inclusive and sustainable future, a company can
consistently create both long-term economic value and measurable societal impact.
Research and Development
Due to the nature of the Company as a SPAC it does not conduct any research and development activities.
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Risks and Uncertainties
Below is a summary of our risks, particularly as a SPAC prior to the completion of a Business Combination,
our risk appetite, the likelihood and potential impact thereof. Further reference is made to the description
of risks relating to the Company included in the Prospectus, particularly risks that may be of relevance to
the Company after the completion of a Business Combination, risks in the event of no completion of a
Business Combination and risks relating to our securities. Additional risks not known to us, or currently
believed not to be material, could later turn out to have a material impact on our business, revenue, assets,
liquidity, capital resources or net income. The Company’s risk management objectives and policies are
consistent with those disclosed in the Prospectus.
Risk category Risk description Risk appetite Likelihood Potential impact
Strategic The Company has faced
and may face significant
competition for Business
Combination
opportunities
High High High
Strategic It is highly probable that
the Company will not
identify a suitable
Business Combination
opportunity by the
Business Combination
Deadline
High High High
Strategic The ability of the
Company to negotiate a
Business Combination
on favorable terms could
be affected by the
limited time to complete
the Business
Combination
Low High High
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Financial The Company will be
constrained by the
potential need to finance
repurchases of Ordinary
Shares in connection
with a Business
Combination
Low Medium Medium
Financial The Company may need
to arrange third-party
financing and there can
be no assurance that it
will be able to obtain
such financing, which
could compel the
Company to restructure
or abandon a particular
proposed Business
Combination
Medium Medium Medium
Financial If the proceeds from the
sale of the Founder
Warrants are insufficient
to allow the Company to
operate for at least until
the Business
Combination Deadline, it
could limit the amount
available to fund the
Company’s search for a
target business and the
Company may be
unable to complete a
Business Combination
Low Low Medium
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Operational The Company’s success
is dependent upon a
small group of
individuals and other key
personnel
High High Low
Operational Harm to the reputation
of the Company, the
Sponsor (or any of its
affiliates) or the
Managing Directors may
materially adversely
affect the Company
Low Low High
To the extent possible, for each risk factor described below, we set out how we believe we mitigate these
risks. However, we may not be successful in deploying some or all of these mitigating actions effectively. If
circumstances occur or are not sufficiently mitigated, our business, financial condition, results of operations
and prospects could be material adversely affected. In addition, risks and uncertainties could cause actual
results to vary from those described, which may include forward-looking statements, or could impact our
ability to meet our objectives or be detrimental to our financial condition or reputation.
The Company has faced and may face significant competition for Business Combination
opportunities
The Company has faced and may face significant competition in some or all of the Business Combination
opportunities that the Company may explore. The Company has faced competition from strategic
buyersother SPACs and public and private investment funds, many of which are well established and have
extensive experience in identifying and completing acquisitions and business combinations. Such
competition will remain up to the Business Combination Deadline. A number of these competitors may
possess greater technical, financial, human, other resources than the Company and may have more time
to complete a transaction. Furthermore, these competitors may be able to facilitate a more expedited
acquisition process as they, unlike the Company, may not require the approval of a shareholders’ meeting
of a publicly listed company. Any of these or other factors may place the Company at a competitive
disadvantage in successfully negotiating or completing an attractive Business Combination.
It is highly probable that the Company will not identify a suitable Business Combination opportunity
by the Business Combination Deadline
The success of the Company’s business strategy is dependent on its ability to identify sufficient suitable
Business Combination opportunities. The Company believes it is highly probable that the Company will not
identify a Business Combination opportunity.
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The Company will likely liquidate and distribute the amounts held in the Escrow Account, after payment of
the Company’s creditors and settlement of its liabilities. There can be no assurance as to the particular
amount or value of the remaining assets of any such distribution either as a result of costs from an
unsuccessful Business Combination or from other factors, including disputes or legal claims which the
Company is required to pay out, the cost of the liquidation and dissolution process, applicable tax liabilities
or amounts due to third-party creditors.
This (financial) risk for our shareholders is largely mitigated by the fact that the Company holds € 250 million
(less net interest, if any) in an escrow account, which can only be released upon meeting strict
requirements. Furthermore, the Company has raised proceeds from the sale of the Founder Warrants
amounting to €6.25 million, which is considered to be sufficient to cover working capital and other running
costs and expenses. If no Business Combination is completed, the exposure of Ordinary Shareholders is
generally limited to the net interest (if any) incurred by the Company over the amounts held in the Escrow
Account and, if any, (liquidation) costs that are not covered by the Costs Cover. The costs relating to the
search for a target company (up until the Business Combination Deadline) and a potential liquidation and
dissolution of the Company are expected to be covered by the proceeds from the issuance of the Founder
Warrants.
The ability of the Company to negotiate a Business Combination on favorable terms could be
affected by the limited time to complete the Business Combination
Sellers of potential target businesses are most likely aware that the Company must complete a Business
Combination by the Business Combination Deadline, or it will wind up and liquidate. Consequently, such
target businesses may obtain leverage over the Company in negotiating a Business Combination, knowing
that if the Company does not complete a Business Combination with that particular target business, the
Company may be unable to complete a Business Combination with any target business. This risk has now
increased as the Company is rapidly approaching the Business Combination Deadline. This could affect
the ability of the Company to negotiate a Business Combination on favorable terms and disadvantage the
Company against other potential buyers. As a consequence, the Company may be unable to complete a
Business Combination.
To mitigate this risk, the Company will not compromise on key deal terms solely because of the limited time
left to complete a Business Combination. The Managing Directors view time pressure not to be a significant
determining factor for their decisions in identifying and selecting a target business.
The Company will be constrained by the potential need to finance repurchases of Ordinary Shares
in connection with a Business Combination
The Company may only proceed with a Business Combination if it can confirm that it has sufficient financial
resources to pay the cash consideration required for such Business Combination plus all amounts due to
the Ordinary Shareholders who voted against the Business Combination at the BC-EGM and exercise their
right to sell their Ordinary Shares to the Company (the Dissenting Shareholders).
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Considering a Business Combination only requires a majority of at least 70% of the votes cast at the BC-
EGM subject to the Business Combination Quorum, such Business Combination could be approved with
Dissenting Shareholders representing up to 30% of votes cast at the BC-EGM. Under such circumstances,
financing the repurchase of Ordinary Shares held by Dissenting Shareholders could constrain the amount
the Company is able to pay in acquiring the target business.
If the Company would be able to propose a potential Business Combination to the BC-EGM, the Company
will seek to mitigate this risk by working with multiple scenarios in its discussions with potential target
companies and will generally seek Ordinary Shareholders’ concessions, under strict wall-crossing
procedures, prior to formally proposing a potential Business Combination to the BC-EGM.
The Company may need to arrange third-party financing and there can be no assurance that it will
be able to obtain such financing, which could compel the Company to restructure or abandon a
particular proposed Business Combination
Although the Company has not yet identified any specific prospective target business and cannot currently
predict the amount of additional capital that may be required, the €250 million (less net interest, if any) and
the proceeds from the sale of the Founder Warrants in combination with its possible repurchase obligations
vis-à-vis Dissenting Shareholders, may not be sufficient to complete the Business Combination. If the
Company has insufficient funds available, the Company may be required to seek additional financing by
issuing new equity or debt securities or securing debt financing. The Company may not receive sufficient
support from its existing shareholders to raise additional equity, and lenders may be unwilling to extend
debt financing to the Company on attractive terms, or at all. To the extent additional financing is necessary
to complete a Business Combination and such financing remains unavailable or only available on terms
that are unacceptable to the Company, the Company may be required to either restructure or abandon the
proposed Business Combination, or proceed with the Business Combination on less favorable terms, which
may reduce the Company’s return on investment.
In the unlikely event that the Company would be able to propose a potential Business Combination to the
BC-EGM, the Company will seek to mitigate this risk by generally seeking Ordinary Shareholders’
concessions, under strict wall-crossing procedures, prior to formally proposing a potential Business
Combination to the BC-EGM. Generally, the Company aims to complete a Business Combination that does
not require additional financing, but if it does, it would conduct a comprehensive analysis in close
consultation with investment banks on the feasibility of an equity raise or debt financing prior to proposing
the Business Combination opportunity to the BC-EGM.
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If the proceeds from the sale of the Founder Warrants are insufficient to allow the Company to
operate for at least until the Business Combination Deadline, it could limit the amount available to
fund the Company’s search for a target business and the Company may be unable to complete a
Business Combination, in which case the Ordinary Shareholders may receive €10.00 per Ordinary
Share, or less than such amount, and the Market Warrants will expire worthless
The Company believes that the remaining proceeds from the sale of the Founder Warrants will be sufficient
to allow the Company to operate for at least until the Business Combination Deadline. However, the
Company cannot assure any investor in the Company that its estimate is accurate. Of the funds available
to it, the Company could use a portion to pay fees to investment banks, consultants and lawyers to assist
the Company with its search for a target business or a potential liquidation process. If the Company would
enter into a letter of intent where the Company will pay for the right to receive exclusivity from a target
business and were subsequently required to forfeit such funds, the Company might not have sufficient
funds to continue searching for, or conduct due diligence with respect to, a target business. If the Company
is required to seek additional capital in such a case, the Company would need to borrow funds from the
Sponsor or any of its affiliates as the Company does not believe other third parties will be willing to loan
such funds and provide a waiver against any and all rights to seek access to funds in the Escrow Account.
None of the Sponsor or any of its affiliates is under any obligation to advance funds to the Company and
the Company may not be able to raise additional financing from unaffiliated parties necessary to fund the
Company’s costs and expenses. If the Company is unable to complete a Business Combination because
the Company does not have sufficient funds available to it, the Company will be forced to cease operations
and liquidate. Consequently, the Ordinary Shareholders may receive €10.00 per Ordinary Share minus the
net interest (if any), andliquidation costs (if any), upon the liquidation and the Market Warrants will expire
worthless in any event.
The Company’s success is dependent upon a small group of individuals and other key personnel
The Company’s success depends, in part, on the performance of a small group of individuals, including in
particular the Managing Directors Mr Frank van Roij and Mr Hans Slootweg. Although they each possess
significant experience in targeting potential business opportunities, there can be no assurance that they will
succeed in finding a suitable target company for a Business Combination. They are of key importance for
the identification of potential Business Combination opportunities and to complete the Business
Combination. However, the Company does not have an employment agreement with, or key-man insurance
on the lives of, any of the Managing Directors. The loss of any of these individuals could materially adversely
impact the Company’s business, its business relationships, its reputation and its ability to complete a
Business Combination.
Harm to the reputation of the Company, the Sponsor (or any of its affiliates) or the Managing
Directors may materially adversely affect the Company
The ability of the Company to complete a Business Combination and to perform its operations is in part
dependent on the reputation of the Sponsor (and any of its affiliates) and the Managing Directors.
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The Sponsor and the Managing Directors cannot offer any assurance that they will not be exposed to
reputational risks resulting from events, including but not limited to, litigation, allegations of misconduct or
other negative publicity or press speculation, which, whether or not accurate, may harm their reputation
and, ultimately, the reputation of the Company and its competitiveness compared to other SPACs and may
have a material adverse effect completing a Business Combination.
Risk management and control systems
The Management Board is responsible for the control environment, including risk management and internal
control systems in order to properly manage the strategic, operational and other risks and uncertainties that
could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and day-to-day operations. The applicable
risks and uncertainties for the Company are evaluated on a periodic basis by the Management Board and
discussed with the Supervisory Board.
The Company considers the risk of fraud and other dishonest activities within the Company to be limited
inter alia because it does not have any employees that may enrich themselves by misappropriating
resources and the Company does not engage with customers. Moreover, the proceeds from the IPO are
held on an escrow account and may only be released under very strict conditions amongst which the
approval of an independent civil law notary. The Company has a set of internal control measures and
compliance policies, including amongst others, an authorization policy, sufficient level of segregation of
duties, approval of bank payments, and a reporting and monitoring framework.
In accordance with best practice 1.4.3 of the Dutch Corporate Governance Code, the Management Board
is of the opinion that, to the best of its knowledge:
the report of the Management Board provides sufficient insights into any deficiencies in the
effectiveness of the internal risk and control systems, and no deficiencies in the effectiveness of the
internal risk and control systems have been identified;
the internal risk management and control systems of the Company provide reasonable assurance that
the financial reporting as included in the financial statements do not contain any material inaccuracies;
and
there is a reasonable expectation that the Company will discontinue its operations within at least twelve
months, as further set out in the going concern paragraph of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Dutch Corporate Governance Code
The Company is subject to the Dutch Corporate Governance Code. The Dutch Corporate Governance
Code is based on a "comply or explain" principle. The deviations from the Dutch Corporate Governance
Code are:
16
Best practice provision 2.1.6: diversity
The Supervisory Board presently does not meet the prescribed ratio between male and female members.
When the members of the Supervisory Board were selected, the Company could only find one female that
met the requirements for a position on the Supervisory Board. The Company fully recognises the benefits
of having a diverse Supervisory Board, but it is of the opinion that the current composition of the Supervisory
Board does not impact its functioning.
Best practice provision 2.1.8: independence of Supervisory Directors
One Supervisory Director, Mr Erwin Riefel, is not considered independent pursuant to best practice
provision 2.1.8, more specifically sub (iii) and sub (vii) thereof. He had an important business relationship
with companies associated with the Company in the year prior to his appointment. Mr Erwin Riefel is a
representative of the Sponsor as he holds a management position at Infestos. Infestos indirectly holds
more than 10% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company. He has extensive deal sourcing
experience with a deep network of senior level contacts and has a strong understanding of key ESG
markets. As such, the Company considers it to be important that Mr Erwin Riefel is part of the Supervisory
Board.
Best practice provision 2.1.9: independence of the chairman of the Supervisory Board
Although Mr Erwin Riefel is not considered independent within the meaning of best practice provision 2.1.8,
Mr Erwin Riefel was appointed chairman of the Supervisory Board, as he turned out to be best equipped to
fulfil this role.
Best practice provision 2.3.10: Secretary to the Supervisory Board
As long as the Company has not completed a Business Combination, the Supervisory Board has no need
for a Secretary to the Supervisory Board.
Best practice provision 3.3.3: Shares held by a Supervisory Director in the company on whose supervisory
board they serve should be long-term investments
The securities of the Company indirectly held by Supervisory Director Mr Erwin Riefel, are not necessarily
held on behalf of him as long-term investments as his investment horizon shall be determined following
completion of the Business Combination. This is partly inherent to the fact that it is uncertain that Mr Erwin
Riefel will remain a Supervisory Director of the Company after completion of the Business Combination.
Furthermore, the Company considers the fact that Mr Erwin Riefel’s indirectly held securities do not have
a strict long-term investment horizon to be in line with market practice for SPACs.
Best practice provision 4.3.3: cancelling the binding nature of a nomination or dismissal
The general meeting may pass a resolution to suspend or remove a Managing Director or a Supervisory
Director other than pursuant to a proposal by the Supervisory Board by two-thirds of the votes cast
representing at least half of the Company's issued capital.
17
This quorum condition exceeds the threshold of one-third of the Company’s issued capital, as set out in the
Dutch Corporate Governance Code, but is allowed under the Dutch Civil Code. Furthermore, if such quorum
is not met, the Company is not entitled to convene a second meeting where no quorum shall apply. The
Company believes it is of key importance to apply the maximum allowed threshold in this regard, in
accordance with the Dutch Civil Code, to ensure that the composition of the Management Board and
Supervisory Board remains intact as much as possible given the nature of the SPAC, at least until the
Business Combination Deadline.
Takeover Directive (Article 10)
In the context of the EU Takeover Directive (Article 10) Decree, the following notifications must be given
insofar as they are not included in this annual report.
Limitations on the transfer of shares
The Company has not imposed any limitations on the transfer of its shares and therefore there are no
outstanding or potential protection measures against a takeover of control of the Company.
The Sponsor is bound by a contractual lock-up undertaking with respect to the Founder Shares, Founder
Warrants, the Ordinary Shares obtained by it as a result of converting Founder Shares and exercising
Founder Warrants, and the Ordinary Shares and Market Warrants, which undertakings are set out in the
Prospectus.
Substantial holdings
The Company and its shareholders are not subject to the substantial shareholdings and voting rights
notification obligations under the Dutch Financial Supervision Act (Wet op het financieel toezicht).
Material Subsidiaries
The Company does not have any subsidiary. For purposes of the consolidated financial statements, the
Company consolidates Stichting ESG Core Investments Escrow, as further explained in the consolidated
financial statements.
Special controlling rights
No special controlling rights are attached to the shares in the Company.
System of control for equity incentive plans
The Company does not have any equity incentive plans.
Limitations on voting rights
Each share confers the right to cast one vote. The voting rights attached to the shares in the Company are
not restricted, and neither are the terms in which voting rights may be exercised restricted. The Sponsor
will be entitled to cast a vote on any of its Ordinary Shares at the BC-EGM, including on a resolution to
effect a Business Combination.
18
The Sponsor entered into a relationship agreement with the Company dated 11 February 2021, pursuant
to which the Sponsor has undertaken it will not cast a vote on any of its Founder Shares at the BC-EGM
on a resolution to effect a Business Combination.
Appointment and dismissal of Management Board members and Supervisory Directors and amendment of
the Articles of Association
The general meeting appoints the Managing Directors. A resolution of the general meeting to appoint a
Managing Director can be adopted by two-thirds of the votes cast representing at least half of the
Company's issued capital. If such quorum is not met, the Company is not entitled to convene a second
meeting where no quorum shall apply.
The Articles of Association provide that a Managing Director may be suspended or dismissed by the general
meeting at any time. A resolution of the general meeting to suspend or dismiss a Managing Director can
be adopted by two-thirds of the votes cast representing at least half of the Company's issued capital. If such
quorum is not met, the Company is not entitled to convene a second meeting where no quorum shall apply.
A Managing Director may also be suspended by the Supervisory Board. A suspension by the Supervisory
Board may, at any time, be discontinued by the general meeting.
The Articles of Association provide that the number of Managing Directors is determined by the Supervisory
Board after consultation with the Management Board, but there will be at least two Managing Directors.
The Supervisory Board Rules provide that the Supervisory Board must consist of a minimum of three and
a maximum of five members. The exact number of Supervisory Directors shall be determined by the
Supervisory Board. As of the date of this annual report, the Supervisory Board consists of four members.
Only natural persons may be appointed as Supervisory Directors.
According to the Articles of Association, the Supervisory Board must prepare a profile (profielschets) for its
size and composition, taking account of the nature and activities of the business, the desired expertise and
background of the Supervisory Directors, the desired mixed composition and the size of the Supervisory
Board and the independence of the Supervisory Directors. The Company’s diversity policy should also be
taken into account.
The general meeting appoints the Supervisory Directors. A resolution of the general meeting to appoint a
Supervisory Director can be adopted by two-thirds of the votes cast representing at least half of the
Company's issued capital. If such quorum is not met, the Company is not entitled to convene a second
meeting where no quorum shall apply. A Supervisory Director may be suspended or dismissed by the
general meeting at any time.
The general meeting may pass a resolution to amend the Articles of Association or to dissolve the Company
with an absolute majority of the votes cast but only on a proposal of the Management Board that has been
approved by the Supervisory Board. In the absence of such proposal, the resolution requires the explicit
approval of the Management Board and the Supervisory Board. Any such proposal must be stated in the
notice of the general meeting.
19
In the event of a proposal to the general meeting to amend the Articles of Association, a copy of such
proposal containing the verbatim text of the proposed amendment will be deposited at the Company’s office
for inspection by shareholders and other persons holding meeting rights until the end of the meeting.
Furthermore, a copy of the proposal will be made available free of charge to shareholders and other persons
holding meeting rights from the day it was deposited until the day of the meeting. A resolution of the general
meeting to amend the Articles of Association that has the effect of reducing the rights attributable to holders
of shares of a particular class is subject to approval of the meeting of holders of shares of that class.
The Management Board’s powers especially to issue shares
Pursuant to the Articles of Association that will be in force as of Settlement, the Management Board has
the authority to resolve to issue shares (either in the form of a stock dividend or otherwise) and/or grant
rights to acquire shares immediately following Settlement. The resolution to issue shares requires the
approval of the Supervisory Board. A resolution by the Management Board to issue Founder Shares is
subject to the prior approval by the meeting of holders of Founder Shares. The foregoing also applies to
the granting of rights to subscribe for shares, such as options, but does not apply to the issue of shares to
a person exercising a previously acquired right to subscribe for shares.
Significant agreements and changes in the control of the Company
The Company does not have any such agreements.
Redundancy agreements in the event of a public takeover bid
The Company has not concluded any agreements with a Managing Director or employee that provides for
any severance pay in the case of a termination of employment in connection with a public bid within the
meaning of Article 5:70 of the Dutch Financial Supervision Act.
Statement of Managing Directors’ responsibilities
The Managing Directors are responsible for preparing this annual report in accordance with applicable laws
and regulations. This annual report comprises the Management Board Report, the Supervisory Board
Report, the Consolidated Financial Statements and some other information.
The Managing Directors have prepared the annual report in accordance with International Financial
Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union and the relevant provisions of the Dutch
Civil Code. In preparing the annual report, the Managing Directors are required to:
• select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;
• make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
• state whether applicable IFRS as adopted by the European Union and the relevant provisions of the
Dutch Civil Code have been followed, subject to any material deviations disclosed and explained in
the annual report; and
20
• prepare the annual report on a going concern basis, unless it is inappropriate to presume that the
Company will continue in business, see the going concern paragraph in the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
The Managing Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to
show and explain the Company’s transactions and disclose, with reasonable accuracy at any time, the
financial position of the Company and enable them to ensure that the annual report complies with applicable
law. The Managing Directors have assessed whether the risk assessment executed showed any material
failings in the effectiveness of the Company’s internal risk management and control systems. Though such
systems are designed to manage and control risks, they can provide reasonable, but not absolute,
assurance against material misstatements. Based on this assessment, to the best of our knowledge and
belief, no material failings of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal risk management and control
systems occurred and the internal risk and control systems provide reasonable assurance that the
Consolidated Financial Statements do not contain any errors of material importance.
With reference to section 5:25c of the Dutch Financial Supervision Act, each of the Managing Directors,
confirms that, to the best of its knowledge:
• the Company’s financial statements and the consolidated financial statements, which have been
prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the European Union and the relevant provisions of
the Dutch Civil Code, give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or
loss of the Company;
• the report of the Management Board gives a true and fair view on the situation on the balance sheet
date, the development and performance of the business and the position of the Company of which the
financial information is included in the report of the Management Board and includes a description of
the principal risks and uncertainties that the Company faces;
• and having taken all matters considered by the Management Board and brought to the attention of the
Management Board during the financial year into account, the Managing Directors consider that the
annual report, taken as a whole is fair, balanced and understandable. The Managing Directors believe
that the disclosures set out in this annual report provide the information necessary for shareholders to
assess the Company’s position, performance, business model and strategy.
After conducting a review of management analysis, the Managing Directors have reasonable expectation
that the Company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future.
However, reference is made to the going concern paragraph in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
21
Amsterdam, 4 January 2023
On behalf of the Management Board
F.C.P van Roij J.G. Slootweg
Managing Director Managing Director
ESG Core Investments B.V. ESG Core Investments B.V.
22
Report of the Supervisory Board
The Supervisory Board’s main responsibility is to supervise and advise the Management Board in its search
for a Business Combination and the manner in which its strategy is implemented. The Supervisory Board
also focuses on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal risk management and control systems and the
integrity and quality of the financial reporting.
Composition
The Supervisory Board consists of the following four members:
Mr D.W.E. (Erwin) Riefel, Chairman (born 1966, Dutch) has more than 30 years of experience in the
financial sector, of which more than 15 years in M&A. He has extensive deal sourcing experience with a
deep network of senior level contacts and has a strong understanding of key ESG markets. Since 2008, Mr
Erwin Riefel is an investment director at Infestos (which is an affiliate of the Sponsor). Mr Erwin Riefel
played an instrumental role in the value creation related to Infestos’ portfolio companies including Alfen and
NX Filtration. Mr Erwin Riefel is a member of the Supervisory Board of Neways Electronics International
N.V. Prior to joining Infestos, Mr Erwin Riefel worked as senior relationship manager for corporate clients
at Rabobank (formerly known as Rabobank Nederland). Mr Erwin Riefel holds a master’s degree in finance
small and medium sized enterprises from TIAS Business School in Tilburg, the Netherlands.
Ms A.D. (Anja) Vijselaar (born 1964, Dutch) is well-connected in the North-Western European energy
and technology sector, for example through her roles at Dutch Power. Currently, Ms Anja Vijselaar is
aldermen (wethouder) at the municipality of De Ronde Venen. Prior thereto, Ms Anja Vijselaar was a
director in the Business Unit Energy at WSP, one of the world’s leading professional services firms and
from its Energy department supporting clients in solutions for high voltage and the energy transition. She
also worked at Joulz, a provider of energy infrastructure solutions, where she held various positions
including the position of CEO of Joulz Energy Solutions. Before joining Joulz, Ms Anja Vijselaar held several
management positions at Dura Vermeer. Ms Anja Vijselaar is founder of the WSP Women 66 Network and
the Energy Safety Festival. Ms Anja Vijselaar holds a master’s degree in Civil Engineering and a master’s
degree in Change Management from SIOO in Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Mr H. (Hugo) Peek (born 1969, Dutch) has a background in general management, corporate finance,
capital markets and lending and he has been a highly prominent M&A banker in the Dutch market for many
years. He has an outstanding track record in the financial sector with over 25 years of experience and a
deep network of senior level contacts. Mr Hugo Peek has spent most of his career at ABN AMRO, where
his last role was Head of Corporate & Institutional Banking EMEA. Within ABN AMRO Corporate &
Institutional Banking, Mr Hugo Peek held responsibility for all sustainability efforts. Before that, Mr Hugo
Peek led the global Corporate & Institutional Clients and the Corporate Finance & Capital Markets
businesses and has been global head of Energy Advisory at ABN AMRO. Currently, Mr Hugo Peek is a
partner with DIF Capital Partners, a €8.5 billion alternative fund manager based in Amsterdam, where he
is in charge of the private debt strategy. Mr Hugo Peek also worked as managing director at Kempen & Co
(2008-2011).
23
Mr Hugo Peek holds a master’s degree in Financial Economics from Erasmus University in Rotterdam, and
followed executive education programmes at Cambridge University, London Business School and
Columbia University. He currently holds non-executive directorships at ParkBee B.V. (chair) and Bethmann
Bank AG.
Mr R. (Richard) Govers, Vice-chairman (born 1975, Dutch) has been a highly prominent M&A banker in
the Dutch and North-Western European market for many years. Mr Richard Govers has spent most of his
career at Goldman Sachs Investment Banking Division (1998-2020), where his last role was head of the
Netherlands region in addition to senior coverage responsibilities within the Global Industrials Group and
the Nordics region. Currently, Mr Richard Govers is a partner in the Strategic Advisory Group at PJT
Partners in London, delivering advisory and capital raising solutions. Mr. Richard Govers has extensive
experience in clean energy and renewables working on various high-profile transactions. Mr Richard
Govers holds a master’s degree in Mechanical Engineering from Delft University of Technology,
Netherlands.
The Supervisory Board operates independently of the Management Board, any other participating interests
and each other. Each of the Supervisory Board members has the necessary expertise, experience and
background to perform his or her tasks and responsibilities. Three of the four members of the Supervisory
Board are independent within the meaning of the Dutch Corporate Governance Code as, in the opinion of
the Supervisory Board, the requirements referred to in best practice provisions 2.1.7 to 2.1.9 inclusive of
the Dutch Corporate Governance Code have been fulfilled.
Meetings and attendance
The Supervisory Board held 6 regular meetings in 2022. All such meetings were attended by the members
of the Management Board. In addition, a few meetings were held without the members of the Management
Board, such as the meeting where the Supervisory Board discussed its own functioning. All members of
the Supervisory Board attended all the meetings, as such the absenteeism rate is zero.
The Supervisory Board, together with the Management Board, has actively participated in re-evaluating the
search criteria to broaden the scope for a potential Business Combination. It was concluded that the search
criteria used at the time of the IPO are still largely relevant. The only possible deviations should be (i) the
geographic focus, which includes looking more explicitly outside northwestern Europe for those
propositions that are more mature and would require less hands-on post-merger support of the Sponsor
team on-site, and (ii) the importance of a controlling interest. The Supervisory Board believes this to be a
criterion that shareholders in ESG Core also value least, as long as the proposed proposition does meet
the other criteria (e.g. a clear ESG focus in the core business of the target and an outlook on profitable
growth).
During the preparations for a potential unwind of the Company, the Supervisory Board has actively
challenged the Management Board to come to the right steps.
Other than the Audit Committee, the Supervisory Board has not installed any standing committees as this
is not required under Dutch law or the Dutch Corporate Governance Code based on the current composition
24
of the Supervisory Board. If the Supervisory Board would in the future consist of more than four members,
it should, in addition to the existing Audit Committee, appoint from among its members a remuneration
committee and a selection and appointment committee to remain in compliance with the Dutch Corporate
Governance Code.
Audit Committee
The Company has an Audit Committee, consisting of Ms Anja Vijselaar and Mr Hugo Peek. The duties of
the Audit Committee include:
• informing the Supervisory Board of the results of the statutory audit and explaining how the statutory
audit has contributed to the integrity of the financial reporting and how the Audit Committee has
fulfilled this process;
• monitoring the financial reporting process and making proposals to safeguard the integrity of the
process;
• monitoring the effectiveness of the internal control systems, the internal audit system and the risk
management system with respect to financial reporting;
• monitoring the statutory audit of the annual accounts, and in particular the process of such audit
• monitoring the independence of the external auditor; and
• adopting procedures with respect to the selection of the independent external auditor.
Internal audit function
The Company does not have an internal audit function. The need for an internal audit function is assessed
on a yearly basis by the Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board concluded that an internal audit function
is not necessary due to the nature of the Company as a SPAC.
Independent external auditor
The Management Board and the Supervisory Board have evaluated the activities performed for the
Company by PricewaterhouseCoopers Accountants N.V. It is apparent that PricewaterhouseCoopers
Accountants N.V. is capable of forming an independent judgment concerning all matters that fall within the
scope of its auditing task; there is a good balance between the effectiveness and efficiency of their actions,
for example in relation to auditing costs, risk management and reliability.
Functioning of the Supervisory Board and the Management Board
The Supervisory Board discussed, in the absence of the Management Board, its own functioning. The
evaluation was performed by the Chairman of the Supervisory Board, by means of a structured
questionnaire, which was subsequently discussed with the rest of the Supervisory Board. The Management
Board also filled in a questionnaire and addressed items such as: team effectiveness, interaction,
transparency, composition and profile, competences, effectiveness of individual members, quality of
25
information and the relationship with the Management Board. The outcome of the evaluation is positive.
There is a good level of transparency amongst both the Management Board and the Supervisory Board.
The Supervisory Board has conducted an annual review to identify any aspects with regard to which the
Supervisory Board members require further training or education during their term of office. Given the
nature of the Company as a SPAC and the various backgrounds and expertises from the members of the
Supervisory Board, each member has an own responsibility to train and educate itself on such topics as
may be required.
Remuneration
The Managing Directors and Mr D.W.E. Riefel as Supervisory Director are not entitled to any cash
remuneration or compensation prior to completion of a Business Combination. The independent
Supervisory Directors are entitled to a cash compensation prior to completion of a Business Combination
of each €30,000 per year.
The remuneration of the Managing Directors and Supervisory Directors following a Business Combination,
if any, shall be disclosed in the shareholder circular published in connection with the BC-EGM and is
expected to be in line with market practice for small to medium sized companies.
The Managing Directors and Supervisory Directors have not entered into any type of employment or service
agreement with the Company. As such, there are no severance arrangements between the Managing
Directors and Supervisory Directors. Since the majority of the Managing Directors and Supervisory
Directors will not be remunerated, there is no remuneration committee.
Shareholdings of Managing Directors and Supervisory Directors
Mr van Roij, Mr Slootweg and Mr Riefel indirectly hold financial instruments in the Company.
Mr F.C.P. Van Roij holds, indirectly through the Sponsor, 37,500 Ordinary Shares, 9,375 Market Warrants,
156,250 Founder Shares and 104,166 Founder Warrants;
Mr J.G. Slootweg holds, indirectly through the Sponsor, 37,500 Ordinary Shares, 9,375 Market Warrants,
156,250 Founder Shares and 104,166 Founder Warrants;
Mr D.W.E. Riefel holds, indirectly through the Sponsor, 37,500 Ordinary Shares, 9,375 Market Warrants,
156,250 Founder Shares and 104,166 Founder Warrants.
The Sponsor is controlled by Infestos and Stichting Administratiekantoor Infestos Sustainability (the STAK).
Mr Van Roij, Mr Slootweg and Mr Riefel participate and each hold 2.5% in the Sponsor through the STAK.
The number of shares and warrants are calculated with reference to the ordinary shares of the STAK in the
Sponsor.
Financial statements and independent auditor’s opinion
The Consolidated Financial Statements included in this annual report have been audited and
PricewaterhouseCoopers Accountants N.V. has issued an unqualified opinion on them. The Consolidated
26
Financial Statements were extensively discussed with the Supervisory Board, in the presence of the
independent external auditor, and the Management Board. The Supervisory Board is of the opinion that the
Consolidated Financial Statements meet all requirements for transparency and correctness. Therefore, the
Supervisory Board recommends that the General Meeting of Shareholders to be held on 16 February 2023
adopts the Consolidated Financial Statements and the appropriation of the result.
Result appropriation ESG Core Investments realised a loss of €2.8 million.
The proposal to the General Meeting of Shareholders is to recognise this loss in other reserves. The
members of the Supervisory Board have signed the financial statements to comply with their statutory
obligation pursuant to article 2:101, paragraph 2, of the Dutch Civil Code.
Looking ahead
The members of the Supervisory Board wish to thank the Management Board for their dedication and
commitment in aiming to realize a Business Combination prior to the Business Combination Deadline.
Although it is highly probable that the Company will not be able to complete a suitable Business
Combination, the Supervisory Board will continue to support the Management Board up until the Business
Combination Deadline. The Supervisory Board has been fully involved with the preparations for the
dissolution and liquidation of the Company in the event the search process is unsuccessful and supports
Management Board’s strategy in this respect, such that the amount held in the Escrow Account can be
returned to shareholders as soon as possible after the Business Combination Deadline, taking into account
a statutory creditor opposition period of two months after the liquidation process commences.
Amsterdam, 4 January 2023
The Supervisory Board
Erwin Riefel (Chairman)
Hugo Peek
Anja Vijselaar
Richard Govers
27
Consolidated financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2022
28
Consolidated statement of comprehensive
income
In EUR ‘000 Notes 2022 2021
Other expenses
4
(872)
(612)
Operating expenses (872) (612)
Operating Loss (872) (612)
Fair value adjustment of Market Warrant 15 4,021 2,229
Effective interest on ordinary shares subject to redemption 5/15 (5,857) (3,789)
6
(127)
(884)
Finance income and expenses (1,963) (2,444)
Net loss before income tax (2,835) (3,056)
Income tax
7
-
-
Net loss for the period (2,835) (3,056)
Other comprehensive result for the period
-
-
Total comprehensive loss for the period (2,835) (3,056)
Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share (EUR) (0.11) (0.12)
Diluted earnings per share (EUR) (0.11) (0.12)
29
Consolidated statement of financial position
(Before profit appropriation)
In EUR ‘000 Notes 31 December 2022 31 December 2021
Assets
Current assets
Other receivables 12 153 69
Cash and cash equivalents
13
249,213 250,623
Total current assets
249,366 250,692
Total assets
249,366 250,692
Group equity
Issued share capital 14 63 63
Share premium - -
Other reserves 14 3,194 6,250
Result for the year
(2,835) (3,056)
Total equity
422 3,257
Liabilities
Non-current liabilities
Redeemable ordinary shares 15 - 242,926
Market warrants
15
- 4,083
Total non-current liabilities
- 247,009
Current liabilities
Current portion of non-current liabilities 15 248,846 -
Trade and other payables 16 67 41
Interest payable - 378
Current taxes payables
31 7
Total current liabilities
248,944 426
Total liabilities
248,944 247,435
Total equity and liabilities
249,366 250,692
30
Consolidated statement of changes in equity
In EUR ‘000
Notes
Issued share
capital
Share
premium
Other
reserves
Result for the
year Total equity
Opening Balance - 21 January 2021
50 - - - 50
Loss for the period - - - (3,056) (3,056)
Other comprehensive result
- - - - -
Total comprehensive loss for the period
- - - (3,056) (3,056)
Transactions with shareholders
Issuance of founder shares 13 - - - 13
Issuance of founder warrants - - 6,250 - 6,250
Allocation of loss
- - - - -
Closing Balance - 31 December 2021
63 - 6,250 (3,056) 3,257
Opening Balance - 1 January 2022
14
63 - 6,250 (3,056) 3,257
Loss for the period - - - (2,835) (2,835)
Other comprehensive result
- - - - -
Total comprehensive loss for the period - - - (2,835) (2,835)
Transactions with shareholders
Allocation of loss - - (3,056) 3,056 -
Closing Balance - 31 December 2022 63 - 3,194 (2,835) 422
Attributable to equity owners of ESG Core Investments B.V.
31
Consolidated statement of cash flows
In EUR ‘000
Notes
2022
2021
Cash flows from operating activities
Operating Loss (872) (612)
Interest paid (1,141) (507)
Interest received 502 -
Adjustments to reconcile loss before taxation to net cash flows:
Share-based payment expenses - -
Changes in working capital:
- Decrease (increase) other receivables (excluding interest receivable) 51 (69)
- Increase in trade and other payables 26 41
- Increase in current tax payable
24 7
Net cash outflow from operating activities
(1,410) (1,140)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of founder shares 14 - 63
Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares 15 - 250,000
Transaction cost related to the issuance of ordinary shares 15 - (4,550)
Proceeds from issuance of founder warrants
14 - 6,250
Net cash inflow from financing activities
- 251,763
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
(1,410) 250,623
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the financial year 250,623 -
Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
- -
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the financial period
249,213 250,623
32
Notes to the Consolidated Financial
Statements
General information
ESG Core Investments B.V. is a limited liability company incorporated under Dutch law (besloten
vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid), with its statutory seat in Amsterdam, the Netherlands (ESG
Core Investments or the Company). ESG Core Investments was admitted to listing and trading on
Euronext Amsterdam on 12 February 2021 pursuant to an initial public offering (IPO) in which it raised €
250 million in gross proceeds in accordance with the terms and conditions set out in the Company’s
prospectus dated 11 February 2021 (the Prospectus).
The Company has the legal ownership of the gross cash proceeds and the Management Board has the
authority and power to spend such amounts. In order to ensure that the gross proceeds are used for no
other purpose than the situations as disclosed in the going concern paragraph in this annual report, the
Company entered into an escrow agreement with Intertrust Escrow and Settlements B.V., a private
company with corporate seat in Amsterdam, the Netherlands and having its address at Prins Bernhardplein
200, 1097 JB Amsterdam, the Netherlands, acting under its trade name Intertrust Escrow Services (the
Escrow Agent) and Stichting ESG Core Investments Escrow with corporate seat in Amsterdam, the
Netherlands and having its corporate address at Prins Bernhardplein 200, 1097 JB Amsterdam, the
Netherlands (the Foundation). Following the IPO, 100% of the gross proceeds have been transferred to
the escrow account. Pursuant to the escrow agreement, the amounts held in the escrow account will
generally not be released unless and until the occurrence of the earlier of a Business Combination or
Liquidation, as disclosed in the going concern paragraph in this annual report and as further set out in the
Prospectus. The Foundation holds the escrow amount on a designated bank account. These consolidated
financial statements comprise the Company and the Foundation (the Group).
ESG Core Investments is a Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC) and was founded with the aim
to unlock a unique investment opportunity in Europe within industries that benefit from strong
Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) profiles. Since the IPO, ESG has sought to identify and
acquire a stake in a company with a clear ESG focus in the core of its business, preferably headquartered
in North-Western Europe and enjoying a strong competitive position within its industry, ideally based on
unique technology. The Company is registered in the Chamber of Commerce (Kamer van Koophandel)
under number 81647034 with its registered office at Oldenzaalsestraat 500, 7524 AE Enschede, the
Netherlands. The Company’s Ordinary Shares and Market Warrants are publicly traded on the regulated
market of Euronext Amsterdam.
The Company has been incorporated on 21 January 2021. The Company’s statutory financial year is the
calendar year.
33
1. Summary of significant accounting policies
The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are
set out below.
Basis of preparation
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance and comply with International
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and interpretations adopted by the European Union, where effective,
for financial years beginning 1 January 2022 and also comply with the financial reporting requirements
included in Part 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code.
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis under the
assumptions described in the going concern paragraph below. Following the IPO and prior to a potential
completion of the acquisition of a target business by means of a (legal) merger, share exchange, share
purchase, contribution in kind, asset acquisition or combination of these methods (a Business
Combination) or a potential liquidation and dissolution of the Company, the Company will not engage in
any operations, other than in connection with the selection, structuring and completion of a Business
Combination, or liquidation and dissolution of the Company (as is highly likely on the date hereof). Following
the IPO, the Company has a 24-month period to complete a Business Combination.
Going concern
As communicated on the date hereof, the Company currently believes that the consummation of a suitable
business combination is highly improbable. Since its IPO, the Company has reviewed more than hundred
potential targets, and had advanced discussions with multiple of them. Despite extensive efforts to date,
none of these discussions has resulted in the consummation of a Business Combination.
Certain prospective targets were, through investigation, found not to meet the Company’s target business
criteria, or otherwise would not result in a Business Combination at an acceptable valuation, while others
elected to pursue other strategic avenues like a stand-alone IPO or full or partial private sale. Some targets
seemed hesitant to pursue a Business Combination due to macro-economic events impacting valuations
and disappointing stock price performance in capital markets generally.
Although it is highly probable that the Company will not be able to complete a suitable Business
Combination before the Business Combination Deadline, being 16 February 2023, the Company is
continuing its search process in earnest, in a disciplined manner, and will continue to do so up until the
Business Combination Deadline. This in parallel with preparations for its dissolution and liquidation, such
that the amount held in the Escrow Account can be returned to shareholders as soon as possible after the
Business Combination Deadline, taking into account a statutory creditor opposition period of two months
after the liquidation process commences. The Company has convened a general meeting to be held at 16
February 2023 for the purpose of adopting a resolution to dissolve and liquidate the Company and to delist
the Ordinary Shares and Market Warrants. Considering, the remaining time left between the balance sheet
34
date and 16 February 2023, it is highly likely that the Company will be delisted, liquidated and dissolved.
These conditions indicate the existence of a material uncertainty, which may cast significant doubt about
the company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
The Management Board expects that the Company will be able to fulfil its obligations. The costs relating to
the search for a target company (up until the Business Combination Deadline) and a potential liquidation
and dissolution of the Company are expected to be covered by the proceeds from the issuance of the
Founder Warrants. The distribution of the Company’s assets and the allocation of the liquidation surplus
shall be completed, after payment of the Company’s creditors and settlement of its liabilities, in accordance
with the rights of the Founder Shares and the Ordinary Shares and in accordance with a pre-determined
order of priority and taking into account statutory creditor opposition period of two months. There will be no
distribution of proceeds or otherwise with respect to any of the Market Warrants or the Founder Warrants,
and all such Market Warrants and Founder Warrants will automatically expire without value upon
occurrence of such a liquidation.
Functional and presentation currency
These consolidated financial statements are presented in euro, which is the Company’s functional currency.
All amounts have been rounded to the nearest thousand, unless otherwise indicated.
Basis of measurement
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost convention, unless stated
otherwise.
Use of judgements and estimates
The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of
certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgment in the process
of applying the Group’s accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or
complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the financial statements are the
following:
Note 10 Share based payments. The classification as share-based payments and the determination
of the grant date.
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for sale of an asset or paid for transfer of a liability,
in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. IFRS establishes a three
tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the
highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1
measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). These tiers include:
Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical instruments in
active markets;
35
Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or
indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices
for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and
Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring
an entity to develop its own assumptions, such as valuations derived from valuation techniques in
which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.
New and amended standards not adopted by the group
Certain new accounting standards and interpretations have been published that are not mandatory for 31
December 2022 reporting periods and have not been early adopted by the Group. These standards are not
expected to have a material impact on the Group in the current or future reporting periods and on
foreseeable future transactions.
2. Critical accounting policies
Principles for consolidation
Subsidiaries are all entities over which the Company has control. The Company controls an entity where
the Company is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has
the ability to affect those returns through its power to direct the activities of the entity. Subsidiaries are fully
consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Company. For purposes of the consolidated
financial statements, ESG Core Investments B.V. forms a group together with Stichting ESG Core
Investments Escrow, a foundation that holds the IPO proceeds in escrow on designated bank account. The
IPO proceeds may only be released from escrow (i) upon receipt of (a) a joint and written instruction signed
by the Company’s management board and the chairman of the supervisory board, confirming that the
conditions, if any, to completing of the business combination are satisfied or waived in accordance with the
transaction documentation in effect between the Company and the target business and (b) a written
confirmation of a civil law notary or deputy civil law notary (notaris of kandidaat-notaris) that the general
meeting has adopted a resolution to approve the business combination; (ii) upon receipt of a written
confirmation of a civil law notary or deputy civil law notary (notaris of kandidaat-notaris) that (a) the deadline
to complete a business combination has passed without the Company completing a business combination
and (b) a written resolution by the general meeting to pursue a liquidation of the Company was adopted;
(iii) on the first business day 3 years after the execution date of the escrow agreement; or (iv) upon receipt
by the Intertrust Escrow Services, acting as the escrow agent, of a final (in kracht van gewijsde) judgment
from a competent court or arbitral tribunal, confirmed to be enforceable in the Netherlands by a reputable
law firm, requiring payment by ESG Core Investments Escrow of all or part of the amounts held in the
escrow account to the Company or to any party that is designated in such judgment. As such, the Company
can control the date on which the Foundation needs to pay out the cash held in escrow by proposing a
Business Combination or waiting until the date the 24-months period ends and the funds need to be repaid.
Therefore, the foundation is considered a group company and included in these consolidated financial
statements.
36
Subsidiaries are deconsolidated from the date that control ceases. Intercompany transactions, balances
and unrealized gains on transactions between group companies are eliminated. Unrealized losses are also
eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the transferred asset. Accounting
policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies
adopted by the Group.
Cash and cash equivalents
For the purpose of presentation in the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash
on hand, deposits held at call with financial institutions, other short-term, highly liquid investments with
original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which
are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
Other receivables
Other receivables are recognized initially at their transaction price, the amount of consideration that is
unconditional, unless they contain significant financing components when they are recognized at fair value.
They are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less loss allowance
(if any).
Other payables
These amounts represent liabilities provided to the Company prior to the end of the financial year which
are unpaid. Other payables are presented as current liabilities unless payment is not due within 12 months
after the reporting period. They are recognized initially at their fair value. And subsequent measurement at
amortized cost using the effective interest method.
Financial instruments
Financial assets – Classification and measurement
The Company classifies its financial assets in the following measurement categories:
those to be measured subsequently at fair value (either through other comprehensive income (OCI)
or through profit or loss), and
those to be measured at amortized cost.
The classification depends on the entity’s business model for managing the financial assets and the
contractual terms of the cash flows.
Financial assets - Recognition and derecognition
Regular purchases and sales of financial assets are recognized on the trade-date, the date on which the
Company commits to purchase or sell the asset. Financial assets are derecognized when the rights to
receive cash flows from the financial assets have expired or have been transferred and the Company has
transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership.
37
Financial assets – Initial recognition
At initial recognition the Company measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial
asset not carried at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the
acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at fair value through profit or
loss are expensed in profit or loss.
Financial assets – Subsequent Measurements
Subsequent measurement depends on the Company’s business model for managing the asset and the
cash flow characteristics of the asset. There are three measurement categories into which the Company
classifies its instruments: (i) Amortised cost, (ii) Fair value through profit or loss; and (iii) Fair value through
other comprehensive income.
The Company makes no use of derivative financial instruments. Besides cash and cash equivalents that
are measured at fair value, the Company’s receivables are measured at amortised costs. Interest income
from these financial assets is included in finance income using the effective interest rate method. Any gain
or loss arising on derecognition is recognised directly in profit or loss.
Financial assets – Impairment
The Company assesses on a forward-looking basis the expected credit losses associated with its financial
instruments carried at amortized cost. The impairment methodology applied depends on whether there has
been a significant increase in credit risk.
The Company has no trade receivables nor amounts due from customers for contract work including a
significant finance component and is therefore allowed to apply the simplified approach under IFRS 9, in
which the credit losses are measured using a lifetime expected loss allowance for all trade receivables.
Financial liabilities - Recognition and measurement
Financial liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the
financial instrument. The Company makes no use of derivative financial instruments.
Financial liabilities at amortized costs
Financial liabilities at amortized cost include redeemable Ordinary Shares and other payables. These
financial liabilities are initially recognized at fair value equaling the amount required to be paid, less, when
material, a discount to reduce the payables to fair value. Subsequently, trade and other payables are
measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Other payables are classified as current
liabilities due to their short- term nature, except for maturities greater than 12 months after the end of the
reporting period.
38
Financial liabilities at fair value through other comprehensive income
Financial liabilities at fair value through other comprehensive income include the Market Warrants. These
financial liabilities are initially recognised at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value being
recognised in the income statement.
Financial liabilities – Derecognition
The Company derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled
or expire. On derecognition of a financial liability, the difference between the carrying amount extinguished
and the consideration paid (including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed) is recognized
in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.
The Company also derecognizes a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows of the
modified liability are substantially different, in which case a new financial liability based on the modified
terms is recognized at fair value. However, when the cash flows of the modified liability are not substantially
different, the Company (i) recalculates the amortized cost of the modified financial liability by discounting
the modified contractual cash flows using the original effective interest rate and (ii) recognizes any
adjustment in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.
Offsetting financial instruments
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the balance sheet when there is a
legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis
or realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. The Company does not have any legally
enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts in the balance sheet.
Founder Shares and Founder Warrants
The Company has issued Founder Shares and Founder Warrants to the Sponsor. The Sponsor performs
services to the Company under a consultancy agreement in relation to the search for a Business
Combination within the 24-month period. Management has exercised judgement in determining whether
these instruments should be treated as financial instruments or share based payments (IFRS 2) and
concluded that the instruments fall in scope of IFRS 2 as equity settled instruments, since there is an
estimated difference in the fair value of the instruments issued and the amount paid.
The grant-date fair value of equity-settled share-based payment awards granted is generally recognised as
an expense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the vesting period of the awards. Management
has exercised judgement in determining the grant date and concluded that the grant date should be the
Business Combination date (if any), or the Business Combination Deadline if no Business Combination has
been completed, as only at such point in time there is clarity over the value of the awarded Founder Shares
and Founder Warrants. As a result, no expense is recognized in the statement of comprehensive income
over the period ending 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021.
39
Ordinary Shares
Since the holders of Ordinary Shares have the right to demand cash (€ 10.00 per share minus net interest
(if any) and liquidation costs (if any)) at the earlier of i) the date of an approved Business Combination in
case the shareholder votes against such Business Combination and ii) when no Business Combination
materializes within 24 months from IPO, the Ordinary Shares are classified as a financial liability in
accordance with IAS 32.18 until the point when this redemption feature lapses. These financial liabilities
are classified as measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense are
recognised in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is also recognised in profit or loss.
Market Warrants
The Market Warrants classify as a financial liability under IFRS and are initially measured at their fair value.
Subsequent to initial recognition, the Market Warrants are measured at fair value, and changes therein are
recognised in profit or loss.
Expenses
Expenses arising from the Company’s operations are accounted for in the year incurred.
Finance income and expenses
Finance expenses include interest incurred on borrowings calculated using the effective interest method
and interest on the Company’s cash and cash equivalent balances.
Corporate income tax
Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year
and any adjustment to the tax payable or receivable in respect of previous years. The amount of current
tax payable or receivable is the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received that reflects
uncertainty related to income taxes, if any. It is measured using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted
at the reporting date.
Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and
liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax assets
are recognised for unused tax losses, unused tax credits and deductible temporary differences to the extent
that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. Future taxable
profits are determined based on the reversal of relevant taxable temporary differences. If the amount of
taxable temporary differences is insufficient to recognise a deferred tax asset in full, then future taxable
profits, adjusted for reversals of existing temporary differences, are considered, based on the business
plans. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no
longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realised; such reductions are reversed when the
probability of future taxable profits improves.
40
Deferred tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by
the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is
realized, or the deferred income tax liability is settled.
Unrecognized deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and recognized to the extent that
it has become probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used.
Notes to the cash flow statement
The cash flow statement has been prepared using the indirect method, whereby profit or loss is adjusted
for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating
cash receipts or payments, and items of income or expense associated with investing or financing cash
flows. Non-cash transactions are not included in the statement of cash flows. ESG Core Investments has
chosen to present interest paid on cash and cash equivalents as operating cash flows.
Operating Segments
The activities of the Company are considered to be a single operating segment under IFRS 8. Hence no
further segmental disclosures are included in the financial statements.
3. Financial instruments and risk management
I. Accounting classification
The carrying amount of the redeemable Ordinary Shares is determined based upon amortized cost
calculation, using the effective interest rate method, considering the transaction cost paid to issue the
instrument and the net interest that will be deducted from the repayment in case a shareholder redeems it
investment. The fair value of the redeemable Ordinary Shares is determined based on the listed market
price of these shares at Euronext Amsterdam as per 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021.
The Market Warrants initial value is determined based on a Level 3 valuation using a binominal tree option
pricing model, that does not assume any dividend and considers credit risk to be negligible. No marketability
discounts haven been applied to the fair value calculated. The fair value per 31 December 2022 and 31
December 2021 is based on a Level 1 valuation using the listed market price of these Market Warrants at
Euronext Amsterdam.
The fair value of the other financial liabilities is determined based upon a discounted cash flow technique.
The valuation model considers the present value of expected payments, discounted using a risk-adjusted
discount rate.
41
II. Risk management
The Company’s management board has the overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of
the Group’s risk management framework. The Group’s risk management policies are established to identify
and analyze the risks faced by the Group, to set appropriate risk limits and controls and to monitor risks
and adherence to limits. Risk management policies and systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes
in market conditions.
Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its
contractual obligations, and arises principally from the Group’s receivables. The Company’s credit risk
mainly relates to its cash- and cash equivalents that are placed with a number of banks. The Company
determines the credit risk of cash- and cash equivalents that are placed with these banks as low, by solely
doing business with highly respectable banks.
Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its
financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. The Group’s objective when
managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities
when they are due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or
risking damage to the Group’s reputation. As at 31 December 2022, the Company has sufficient funds to
pay its obligations for the next year. In case of a liquidation and dissolution of the Company, the funds
available in the Company’s escrow account are designated to be used to repay the redeemable ordinary
shares.
Market risk
Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices – e.g. interest rates and equity prices – will affect the
Group’s income or the value of its holdings of financial instruments. The objective of market risk
management is to manage and control market risk exposures within acceptable parameters, while
optimizing the return.
In EUR ‘000
Carrying
amount
Total < 1year 1-2 years
> 2 years
Redeemable ordinary shares 248,783 248,783 248,783 - -
Market warrants 63 63 63 - -
Trade and other payables 67 67 67 - -
Current tax payable 31 31 31 - -
Total 248,944 248,944 248,944 - -
42
4. Other expenses
Other cost in 2022 include a VAT adjustment for previous years, as based on interpretations issued by the
Dutch tax authorities in 2022 it appeared that VAT on purchases and services is not refundable.
5. Effective interest on Ordinary Shares subject to redemption
The effective interest on the Ordinary Shares amounts €5.9 million in 2022 (2021: €3.8 million) and is
recognized in the statement of comprehensive income. In 2021, the IPO transaction costs of €4.7 million
are allocated pro rata to the Ordinary Shares and to the Market Warrants for the amounts of €4.6 million
and €0.1 million respectively. The IPO transaction costs charged to the Market Warrants are directly
recognized in the statement of comprehensive income as part of other expenses (see note 4).
6. Interest expenses
See note 13 for further explanation in respect of the escrow account.
In EUR ‘000
2022
2021
Interest expenses escrow account (123) (881)
Other interest expenses
(4)
(3)
Total interest expenses
(127) (884)
In EUR ‘000
2022
2021
Tax and legal advise (36) (12)
Audit & accounting cost (57) (127)
Listing and transaction cost (70) (118)
Management fee Sponsor (150) (133)
Supervisory board remuneration (90) (79)
Insurance cost (160) (142)
Other cost
(309)
(1)
Total other expenses
(872) (612)
43
7. Income tax
The Company’s tax jurisdiction is the Netherlands. As it is uncertain if current tax losses can be utilized
against future tax profits, the company did not recognise a deferred tax assets for its tax losses. The
Company’s tax losses amounts to €5.9 million as per 31 December 2022 (2021: €3.1 million).
Reconciliation of the effective tax rate:
8. Earnings per share
The calculation of basic and diluted EPS has been based on the following loss attributable to ordinary
shareholders and weighted-average number of Ordinary Shares outstanding.
As the Company is loss making, the diluted earnings per share are considered to be equal to the basic
earnings per share, as the impact of incremental shares on earning per share is anti-dilutive.
9. Numbers of employees
The company has no employees at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021.
In EUR ‘000
2022
2021
Loss before income tax (2,835) (3,056)
Tax calculated based on Dutch tax rate 25.0% 25.0%
Tax effect of:
Non-deductible expenses 0.0% -1.0%
Current year losses for which no deferred tax asset was recognised -25.0% -24.0%
Effective tax rate 0.0% 0.0%
2022
2021
Net loss attributable to equity holders (EUR ‘000) (2,835) (3,056)
Outstanding number of shares for the basic earnings per share at the beginning of the fiscal year 25,000,000 25,000,000
Effect of issued ordinary shares - -
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the purpose of basic earnings per share 25,000,000 25,000,000
Incremental shares for assumed conversion of market warrants, founder shares and founder 16,666,557 16,666,557
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the purpose of diluted earnings per share 41,666,557 41,666,557
44
10. Share based payments
As disclosed under the significant accounting policies section the Group has accounted for share-based
payment arrangements for Founder Shares and Founder Warrants.
Only upon completion of a business combination the Founder Shares will, and the Founder Warrants may,
convert into Ordinary Shares. In case the Company does not complete a Business Combination within 24
months from the settlement date of the IPO the Company will be dissolved and be liquidated. The Founder
Warrants will automatically expire without value upon occurrence of such a liquidation and the Founder
Shares will not convert into Ordinary Shares.
Only as of the Business Combination date there is clarity among all parties about the value of the awarded
Founders Shares and Founder Warrants, as such, the Business Combination date (if any), or the Business
Combination Deadline if no Business Combination has been completed, is considered to be the grant date
of these instruments. As a result, no expense has been recognized in the consolidated statement of
comprehensive income over the period ending 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021.
11. Remuneration of the management board and supervisory board
The Managing Directors and Mr Riefel as Supervisory Director are not entitled to any cash remuneration
or compensation prior to completion of a Business Combination. The independent Supervisory Directors
Ms Vijselaar, Mr Peek and Mr Govers are entitled to a cash compensation prior to completion of a Business
Combination, which has been set at €30,000 per year.
The Managing Directors and Mr Riefel indirectly participate in the Company’s shareholder structure, which
can be specified as follows:
Both Managing Directors indirectly through the Sponsor, hold 37,500 Ordinary Shares, 9,375 Market
Warrants, 156,250 Founder Shares, 104,166 Founder Warrants.
Mr Riefel, indirectly through the Sponsor, hold 37,500 Ordinary Shares, 9,375 Market Warrants,
156,250 Founder Shares, 104,166 Founder Warrants.
The Sponsor is controlled by Infestos and Stichting Administratiekantoor Infestos Sustainability (STAK).
The Managing Directors and Mr Riefel participate and each hold 2.5% in the Sponsor through the STAK.
The number of shares and warrants are calculated with reference to the Ordinary Shares of the STAK in
the Sponsor.
Founder Shares
Number of shares 6,250,000
Founder Warrants
Number of warrants 4,166,667
45
12. Other receivables
The fair value of the receivables approximates the carrying amounts. No breakdown of the fair values of
trade and other receivables and the non-current portion of the receivables has been included as the
differences between the carrying amounts and the fair values are insignificant.
13. Cash
The gross proceeds of the IPO have been deposited in an escrow account held by the Foundation. These
amounts will be released only in accordance with the terms of an escrow agreement between the Company,
Intertrust Escrow and Settlements B.V., acting under its trade name Intertrust Escrow Services and the
Foundation. As such the cash in the escrow account is restricted and not freely available to the Company.
The escrow account was subject to a negative interest rate of 0.4% on an annual basis from 16 February
2021 up to and including 15 February 2022 and a negative interest rate of 0.5% on an annual basis from
16 February 2022 up to and including 30 July 2022. Following a change in market circumstances, the
interest rate was subsequently adjusted to a negative interest rate of 0.25% on an annual basis from 1
August 2022 up to and including 31 August 2022. The escrow account was subject to an interest of 0.0%
on an annual basis from 1 September 2022 up to and including 18 September 2022. The escrow account
was subject to a positive interest rate of 0.8% on an annual basis from 19 September 2022 up to and
including 19 December 2022 and a positive interest rate of 1.793% on an annual basis from 20 December
2022, which will be the interest rate up to and including 16 April 2023.
14. Group Equity
In EUR ‘000
2022
2021
Bank balances 351 1,126
Cash in escrow
248,862
249,497
Total 249,213 250,623
Number of
Founder Shares
Par value
EUR '000
Share premium
EUR '000
Total
EUR '000
Opening balance 21 January 2021
5,000,000 50 - 50
Share issuance 1,250,000 13 - 13
Balance 31 December 2021 6,250,000 63 - 63
Share issuance - - - -
Balance 31 December 2022 6,250,000 63 - 63
In EUR ‘000
2022
2021
VAT tax receivable - 50
Interest receivable 135 -
Other receivables
19
19
Total 154 69
46
Share capital at 21 January 2021 was divided into 5,000,000 ordinary shares with a par value of €0.01
each. These ordinary shares were issued and paid for the nominal value of €50,000 in aggregate. On 29
January 2021, the Company issued 1,250,000 additional ordinary shares to Infestos Sustainability B.V. at
a par value of €0.01 each against payment of €12,500 in aggregate. These 6,250,000 ordinary shares were
converted at IPO to Founder Shares.
On 29 January 2021, the Company issued 80,000,000 Ordinary Shares at a par value of €0.01 and
3,125,000 transferable rights (warrants) to Infestos Sustainability B.V. against payment of €800,000 which
on the same date have been repurchased by the Company as treasury shares and treasury warrants
against payment of €800,000 in aggregate. Such treasury shares and treasury warrants are held for the
purpose of allotting these shares and warrants to investors around the time of a potential Business
Combination.
At IPO the Company issued 4,166,666 Founder Warrants to the Sponsor at a price of €1.50 per Founder
Warrant. Only after completion of a Business Combination, each Founder Warrant is exercisable to
purchase one Ordinary Share at €11.50, but the Sponsor may elect a cashless exercise in which case it
would receive a certain amount of Ordinary Shares based on the fair market value of the Ordinary Shares
without being obliged to pay cash, as further set out in the Prospectus. The proceeds from the sale of the
Founder Warrants amounting to €6,250,000 were deposited into a bank account of the Company. The
issuance of Founder Warrants is recognised in other reserves.
Under Dutch law, the Company is not required to have, and does not have, an authorised share capital
(maatschappelijk kapitaal), because it is a private company with limited liability.
The proposal to the General Meeting is that the 2022 loss for the period will be recognized in other reserves.
15. Redeemable Ordinary Shares and Market Warrants
In EUR ‘000
Redeemable Ordinary
Shares
IPO proceeds based on sale of Units 250,000
Less: initial recognition of the Market Warrants (6,313)
Less: transaction cost (4,550)
Carrying amount at 11 February 2021 239,137
Effective interest accretion 2021 3,789
Carrying amount per 31 December 2021 242,926
Effective interest accretion 2022 5,857
Carrying amount per 31 December 2022 248,783
Current portion (248,783)
Non-current portion per 31 December 2022 -
47
At IPO in 2021, the Company issued 25,000,000 Ordinary Shares and 6,250,000 Market Warrants as part
of a unit for an offer price of €10 per unit. One unit consists of 1 Ordinary Share, 0.125 Market Warrant
issuable at IPO and 0.125 Market Warrant only allottable after completion of a Business Combination.
Each of the Market Warrants will only be exercisable after completion of a Business Combination, which is
highly unlikely. The value of the Market Warrants is presented as current portion of non-current liabilities,
considering the expected expiration within 1 year.
The Company has 24 months to complete a Business Combination. If the Company does not successfully
complete a Business Combination within such time, the Company will be liquidated and the proceeds raised
pursuant to the IPO will be refunded to the Ordinary Shareholders minus any net interest (if any) and
liquidation costs (if any), see going concern paragraph in note 1 above.
16. Trade and other payables
All current liabilities fall due in less than one year. The fair value of the current liabilities approximates the
carrying amount due to its short-term character.
17. Contingencies and commitments
As disclosed in the Prospectus the underwriters are potentially entitled to a BC Underwriting Fee in the
unlikely event that the Company would complete a Business Combination. This fee is only payable upon
completion of a Business Combination and will not be paid out of the Costs Cover, but from the funds held
in the Escrow Account. As of 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021, the BC Underwriting Fee is
considered a contingent liability under IAS 37, amounting to maximum of €4.1 million.
Instrument Number Initial value
Fair value at 31
December 2022
Total value as per 31
December 2022
Market warrants 6,250,000 1.01 0.01 63,000
In EUR ‘000
2022
2021
Trade payables 33 6
Other liabilities
34
35
Total 67 41
48
18. Related party transactions
Transactions with related parties are assumed when a relationship exists between the Company and a
natural person or entity that is affiliated with the Company. This includes, amongst others, the relationship
between the Company and its subsidiaries, shareholders, directors and key management personnel.
Transactions are transfers of resources, services or obligations, regardless whether anything has been
charged. For transactions with key management personnel refer to note 11.
Transaction with the Sponsors
the agreed service fee for the services provided under the consultancy agreement as disclosed in the
Prospectus, which amounts to €150 thousand (2021: €133 thousand).
19. Events after the balance sheet date
No such events identified.
49
Company financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2022
50
Company balance sheet
(Before profit appropriation)
In EUR ‘000 Notes 31 December 2022 31 December 2021
Assets
Current assets
Other receivables 1 249,016 249,566
Cash and cash equivalents
350 1,126
Total current assets
249,366 250,692
Total assets
249,366 250,692
Equity
Issued share capital 2 63 63
Share premium 2 - -
Other reserves 3,194 6,250
Result for the year
(2,835) (3,056)
Total equity
422 3,257
Liabilities
Non-current liabilities
Redeemable ordinary shares - 242,926
Market warrants
- 4,083
Total non-current liabilities
- 247,009
Current liabilities
Current portion of non-current liabilities 248,846 -
Trade and other payables 67 41
Interest payable - 378
Current taxes payables
31 7
Total current liabilities
248,944 426
Total liabilities
248,944 247,435
Total equity and liabilities
249,366 250,692
51
Company income statement
Reference is made to the notes of the consolidated financial statements as there are no differences
between the consolidated statement of comprehensive income and company income statement
In EUR ‘000 2022 2021
Other expenses
(872)
(612)
Operating expenses (872) (612)
Operating Loss (872) (612)
Fair value adjustment of Market Warrant 4,021 2,229
Effective interest on ordinary shares subject to redemption (5,857) (3,789)
Interest expenses
(127)
(884)
Finance costs - net (1,963) (2,444)
Net loss before income tax (2,835) (3,056)
Income tax
-
-
Net loss for the period (2,835) (3,056)
Other comprehensive result for the period
-
-
Total comprehensive loss for the period (2,835) (3,056)
Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share (EUR) (0.11) (0.12)
Diluted earnings per share (EUR) (0.11) (0.12)
52
Notes to the Company financial statements
General information
The company financial statements are part of the consolidated financial statements of ESG Core
Investments B.V.
Basis of preparation
The Company financial statements of ESG Core Investments B.V. have been prepared in accordance with
Part 9, Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code. In accordance with sub 8 of article 362, Book 2 of the Dutch Civil
Code, the Company financial statements are prepared based on the accounting principles of recognition,
measurement and determination of profit, as applied in the consolidated financial statements. These
principles also include the classification and presentation of financial instruments, being equity instruments
or financial liabilities. In case no other policies are mentioned, refer to the accounting policies as described
in the accounting policies in the consolidated financial statements of this Annual report.
For an appropriate interpretation, the company financial statements of ESG Core Investments B.V. should
be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements. All amounts have been rounded to the
nearest thousand, unless otherwise indicated. The balance sheet and income statement include
references. These refer to the notes.
1. Other receivables
The gross proceeds of the IPO have been deposited in an escrow account held by the Foundation. These
amounts will be released only in accordance with the terms of an escrow agreement between the Company,
Intertrust Escrow and Settlements B.V., acting under its trade name Intertrust Escrow Services and the
Foundation.
In EUR ‘000
2022
2021
VAT tax receivable - 51
Receivable Stichting ESG Core Investments Escrow 248,862 249,497
Interest receivable 135 -
Other receivables
19
18
Total 249,016 249,566
53
2. Equity
For further details on movements in the different components of the shareholders equity, we refer to the
consolidated statement of changes in equity.
Under Dutch law, the Company is not required to have, and does not have, an authorised share capital
(maatschappelijk kapitaal), because it is a private company with limited liability.
The proposal to the General Meeting is that the 2022 loss for the period will be recognized in other reserves.
Audit fees
The Company incurred the following audit expenses. Note that part of the 2021 expenses are included in
the IPO transaction costs.
The fees listed above relate to the services provided to the Company by accounting firms and external
independent auditor as referred to in Section 1(a) of the Dutch Accounting Firms Oversight Act (Wta). Other
audit procedures relate to work done in respect of the Prospectus and half year report.
Number of
Founder Shares
Par value
EUR '000
Share premium
EUR '000
Total
EUR '000
Opening balance 21 January 2021
5,000,000 50 - 50
Share issuance 1,250,000 13 - 13
Balance 31 December 2021 6,250,000 63 - 63
Share issuance - - - -
Balance 31 December 2022 6,250,000 63 - 63
In EUR ‘000
2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021
Audit of the financial statements 51 40 - - 51
40
Other audit procedures - 119 - - -
119
Tax services - - - - -
-
Other non-audit services
-
-
-
-
-
-
Total
51 159 - - 51 159
Pricewaterhouse-
Coopers Accountants
N.V. Other network Total network
54
Authorization of the financial statements
Signed for approval on 4 January 2023
F.C.P van Roij J.G. Slootweg
Managing Director Managing Director
ESG Core Investments B.V. ESG Core Investments B.V.
55
Other Information
56
Provision in the Articles of Association relating to profit appropriation
Article 34. Profits and Distributions.
34.1 The Management Board, with the approval of the Supervisory Board, may decide that the profits
realised during a financial year fully or partially be appropriated to increase and/or form reserves.
34.2 Without prejudice to Article 10.3, the profits remaining after application of Article 34.1 shall be put at
the disposal of the General Meeting. The Management Board, with the approval of the Supervisory Board,
shall make a proposal for that purpose. A proposal to pay a dividend shall be dealt with as a separate
agenda item at the General Meeting of Shareholders.
34.3 Distributions from the Company's distributable reserves are made pursuant to a resolution of the
Management Board, with the approval of the Supervisory Board.
34.4 The Management Board may, with the approval of the Supervisory Board, decide that a distribution
on Shares shall not take place as a cash payment but as a payment in Shares, or decide that holders of
Shares shall have the option to receive a distribution as a cash payment and/or as a payment in Shares,
out of the profit and/or at the expense of reserves.
34.5 The Company's policy on reserves and dividends shall be determined and can be amended by the
Management Board, subject to the approval of the Supervisory Board. The adoption and thereafter each
amendment of the policy on reserves and dividends shall be discussed and accounted for at the General
Meeting of Shareholders under a separate agenda item.
34.6 A resolution to make a distribution will not be effective until approved by the Management Board. The
Management Board may only refuse to grant such approval if it knows or reasonably should foresee that
after the distribution the Company would not be able to continue to pay its debts as they fall due.
Article 35. Payment of and Entitlement to Distributions.
35.1 Dividends and other distributions will be made payable pursuant to a resolution of the Management
Board within four weeks after adoption, unless the Management Board sets another date for payment.
35.2 A claim of a Shareholder for payment of a distribution shall be barred after five years have elapsed
after the day of payment.
35.3 For all dividends and other distributions in respect of Ordinary Shares included in the Statutory Giro
System the Company will be discharged from all obligations towards the relevant Shareholders by placing
those dividends or other distributions at the disposal of, or in accordance with the regulations of, Euroclear
Netherlands.
57
Independent Auditor’s Report
58
Independent auditor’s report
Financial Statem ents
31 December 2 022
1 January 2022
ESG Core Inves tments B.V.
Controle
Goedkeurend
NLE00016200.1 .1
KVK
81647034
Create SBR Exte nsion
1.0
Zwolle
4 January 2023
To: the general meeting and the supervisory board of ESG Core Investments B.V.
Report on the financial statements 2022
Our opinion
In our opinion:
the consolidated financial statements of ESG Core Investments B.V. together with its subsidiary
(‘the Group’) give a true and fair view of the financial position of the Group as at
31 December 2022 and of its result and cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with
International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union (‘EU-IFRS’) and
with Part 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code;
the company financial statements of ESG Core Investments B.V. (‘the Company’) give a true and
fair view of the financial position of the Company as at 31 December 2022 and of its result for the
year then ended in accordance with Part 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code.
What we have audited
We have audited the accompanying financial statements 2022 of ESG Core Investments B.V., Enschede.
The financial statements comprise the consolidated financial statements of the Group and the company
financial statements.
The consolidated financial statements comprise:
the consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 December 2022;
the following statements for 2022: the consolidated statements of comprehensive income,
changes in equity and cash flows; and
the notes, comprising a summary of the significant accounting policies and other explanatory
information.
The company financial statements comprise:
the company balance sheet as at 31 December 2022;
the company income statement for the year then ended;
the notes, comprising a summary of the accounting policies applied and other explanatory
information.
The financial reporting framework applied in the preparation of the financial statements is EU-IFRS and
the relevant provisions of Part 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code for the consolidated financial
statements and Part 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code for the company financial statements.
59
The basis for our opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with Dutch law, including the Dutch Standards on Auditing. We
have further described our responsibilities under those standards in the section ‘Our responsibilities for
the audit of the financial statements’ of our report.
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for
our opinion.
Independence
We are independent of ESG Core Investments B.V. in accordance with the European Union Regulation on
specific requirements regarding statutory audit of public-interest entities, the ‘Wet toezicht
accountantsorganisaties’ (Wta, Audit firms supervision act), the ‘Verordening inzake de onafhankelijkheid
van accountants bij assuranceopdrachten’ (ViO, Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, a regulation
with respect to independence) and other relevant independence regulations in the Netherlands.
Furthermore, we have complied with the ‘Verordening gedrags- en beroepsregels accountants’ (VGBA,
Dutch Code of Ethics).
Material uncertainty related to going concern
We draw attention to note going concern of the (consolidated) financial statements which indicates that if
the Company does not complete a business combination within 24 months after the settlement of the IPO,
being 16 February 2023, the company must be dissolved and liquidated, and the Ordinary Shares and
Market Warrants will be delisted. Therefore, the Company has convened a meeting to be held at 16
February 2023 for the purpose of adopting a resolution to dissolve and liquidate and to delist the
Ordinary Shares and Market Warrants, despite the Company continuing its search for a suitable business
combination until the Business Combination Deadline. These conditions indicate the existence of a
material uncertainty, which may cast significant doubt about the company’s ability to continue as a going
concern. Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter.
We refer to section ‘Audit approach going concern’ for further information on our audit procedures
regarding the going concern assumption.
Our audit approach
We designed our audit approach with respect to the key audit matters and fraud, and the matters
resulting from that, in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole and in forming our
opinion thereon. The information in support of our opinion, like our findings and observations related to
individual key audit matters and the audit approach fraud risks was addressed in this context, and we do
not provide separate opinions or conclusions on these matters.
Overview and context
ESG Core Investments B.V. is a Special Purpose Acquisition Company (‘SPAC’) and obtained a listing on
Euronext Amsterdam on 12 February 2021 pursuant to an initial public offering in which it raised €250
million in gross proceeds (the ‘IPO-proceeds'). The Company aims to unlock a unique investment
opportunity in Europe within industries that benefit from strong Environmental, Social and Governance
profiles.
ESG Core Investments B.V. forms a group together with Stichting ESG Core Investments Escrow, a
foundation that holds the IPO proceeds in escrow on a designated bank account.
60
The focus on finding a suitable target business to complete a business combination characterised the year
2022. Until 31 December 2022, despite multiple targets being reviewed, the Company was unable to find
a suitable target business. As the business combination deadline is reached on 16 February 2023, the
management board decided to convene an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting on 16 February 2023 to
decide on the liquidation and dissolvement of the Company. This affected our audit procedures on the
ability of the Company to continue as a going concern as described in section ‘Our audit approach to going
concern’.
As part of designing our audit, we determined materiality and assessed the risks of material misstatement
in the financial statements. In particular, we considered where the management board made important
judgements, for example, in respect of significant accounting estimates that involved making assumptions
and considering future events that are inherently uncertain. In paragraph paragraph 1 – use of
judgements and estimates of the financial statements, the Company describes the areas of judgement in
applying accounting policies and the key sources of estimation uncertainty.
Considering the expected liquidation of the company and the fact that there are limited activities in ESG
Core Investments B.V. we did not assess the effects of climate change on the company.
We ensured that the audit team included the appropriate skills and competences which are needed for the
audit of a SPAC. We therefore included accounting specialists in our team.
The outline of our audit approach was as follows:
Materiality
Overall materiality: €2.5 million.
Audit scope
We performed a full scope audit on both ESG Core Investments B.V. and
Stichting ESG Core Investments Escrow.
Key audit matters
We have determined that there are no key audit matters to communicate in our
report.
Materiality
The scope of our audit was influenced by the application of materiality, which is further explained in the
section ‘Our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements’.
Based on our professional judgement we determined certain quantitative thresholds for materiality,
including the overall materiality for the financial statements as a whole as set out in the table below.
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These, together with qualitative considerations, helped us to determine the nature, timing and extent of
our audit procedures on the individual financial statement line items and disclosures and to evaluate the
effect of identified misstatements, both individually and in aggregate, on the financial statements as a
whole and on our opinion.
Overall group
materiality
€2.5 million (2021: €2.5 million).
Basis for determining
materiality
We used our professional judgement to determine overall materiality. As a basis for
our judgement we used 1% of total
assets.
Rationale for
benchmark applied
We used total assets as the primary benchmark based on our analysis of the common
information needs of users of the financial statements. On this basis, we believe that
total assets is an important metric for the financial performance of the Company, as
total assets provides insight in the ability of the Company to repay the initial
investments to its investors.
We also take misstatements and/or possible misstatements into account that, in our judgement, are
material for qualitative reasons.
We agreed with the supervisory board that we would report to them any misstatement identified during
our audit above €125,000 (2021: €125,000) as well as misstatements below that amount that, in our view,
warranted reporting for qualitative reasons.
Audit approach fraud risks
We identified and assessed the risks of material misstatements of the financial statements due to fraud.
During our audit we obtained an understanding of the entity and its environment and the components of
the internal control system. This included management’s risk assessment process, management’s process
for responding to the risks of fraud and monitoring the internal control system and how the supervisory
board exercised oversight, as well as the outcomes.
We evaluated the design and relevant aspects of the internal control system and in particular the fraud
risk assessment, as well as the code of conduct and whistle blower procedures. We evaluated the design
and the implementation and, where considered appropriate, tested the operating effectiveness of internal
controls designed to mitigate fraud risks.
We asked members of the management board and the supervisory board whether they are aware of any
actual or suspected fraud. This did not result in signals of actual or suspected fraud that may lead to a
material misstatement.
As part of our process of identifying fraud risks, we evaluated fraud risk factors with respect to financial
reporting on fraud, misappropriation of assets and bribery and corruption. We evaluated whether these
factors indicate that a risk of material misstatement due to fraud is present.
We identified the following fraud risks and performed the following specific procedures:
[]
Identified fraud risks
Our audit work and observations
Risk of misappropriation of assets –
unauthorised payments
In our audit we identified the risk for
unauthorised payments made from the
We gained an understanding of and evaluated ESG Core Investment’s
internal controls and processes with respect to payments. We conclude
62
cash balances, given the large amount
of cash received from the IPO.
that, in the context of our audit, we were able to rely on the internal control
procedures for payments, relevant to this risk.
We obtained and reviewed the escrow agreement between ESG Core
Investments B.V. and Stichting ESG Core Investments Escrow.
We determined that the gross proceeds of €250 million upon listing were
put on an Escrow account and can only be released under strict conditions.
Subsequently, we obtained bank confirmations from all banks where the
group held bank accounts and reviewed the authorisation rights on the
bank accounts.
We selected a sample of outgoing payments and traced the payments back
to the underlying invoices, verified the bank account number and assessed
the business rationale of these outgoing payments as well as whether
payments are allowed under the escrow agreement (if applicable).
Finally, we reconciled the closing balance of the cash and cash equivalents
to the balance as included on the bank statements as at 31
December 2022.
Our procedures did not reveal any material misstatement of the
information provided by management in the financial statements and the
management report compared with the financial statements.
Our work did not reveal any specific indications of fraud or suspicion of
fraud in respect of unauthorised payments.
Risk of management override of
controls
As in all our audits, we addressed the
risk of management override of
internal controls, including evaluating
whether there was evidence of bias by
management that may represent a risk
of material misstatement due to fraud.
In this context, we paid particular
attention to the significant estimates
and judgements made by management.
Where relevant to our audit, we have evaluated the design of the internal
control measures that are intended to mitigate the risk of management
override of controls and assessed the effectiveness of those measures in the
processes of generating and processing journal entries and making
estimates. We also paid specific attention to the access safeguards in the IT
system and the possibility of functional segregation as a result.
We conclude that, in the context of our audit, we were able to rely on the
internal control procedures relevant to this risk.
We selected journal entries on the basis of risk criteria and performed
specific audit procedures on them.
We assessed significant judgements made by management, especially for
the classification as share-based payments.
Our procedures did not reveal any material misstatement of the
information provided by management in the financial statements and the
management report compared with the financial statements.
Our work did not reveal any specific indications of fraud or suspicion of
fraud in respect of management override of controls.
[]
63
We incorporated an element of unpredictability in our audit. During the audit we remained alert to
indications of fraud. We also considered the outcome of our other audit procedures and evaluated
whether any findings were indicative of fraud or non-compliance of laws and regulations. Whenever we
identify any indications of fraud, we re-evaluate our fraud risk assessment and its impact on our audit
procedures.
Our audit approach to going concern
In the note going concern of the financial statements management discloses the fact that the entity has
until 16 February 2023 to find a suitable business combination. Despite the efforts of management, the
company has not been able to find one yet. Given that the business combination deadline is approaching
rapidly, it is highly likely that the initial investment made by the Ordinary Shareholders needs to be
repaid and the Company will be subsequently liquidated and dissolved. The company convened a general
meeting to be held on 16 February 2023 or the purpose of adopting a resolution to dissolve and liquidate
and to delist the Ordinary Shares and Market Warrants. This implies a material uncertainty with respect
to going concern.
The management board expects that the Company will be able to fulfil all its obligations in case the
company will be liquidated and dissolved. Management’s most significant assumptions underlying their
plan to address this material uncertainty which may cast significant doubt about the Company’s ability to
continue as a going concern (hereafter: going-concern risk) are:
the funds acquired from the normal shareholders upon listing of €250 million have been put in an
Escrow account. As disclosed in the note going concern, the Escrow account will only be released
upon a completed business combination or a liquidation.
the cash balance per 31 December 2022 amounts € 0.4 million, which is expected to be sufficient
to fund all (future) liquidation expenses.
In order to evaluate the appropriateness of management’s use of the going-concern basis of accounting,
including management’s expectation that their plans sufficiently address the identified going-concern risk
and the adequacy of the related disclosures, we amongst others, performed the following procedures:
We inquired with key members of the management board and the supervisory board to
understand the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern;
We reviewed the plans with respect to the liquidation of the Company, in case the Company is not
able to find a suitable business combination before 16 February 2023;
We reviewed the Prospectus of the Company dated 11 February 2021 and escrow agreement with
Intertrust dated 11 February 2021 and noted that the funds held in escrow can only be used for
the acquisition of a business combination or the distribution of funds upon liquidation;
We determined that in case the general meeting would vote in favour of liquidation of the
Company, this can be effectuated per April 2023. Therefore, we obtained the cash flow forecast
until April 2023 from the management board;
We traced the cash balance as at 31 December 2022, as included in the cash flow forecast, back to
the financial statements;
We challenged the forecasted cash flows Until April 2023 by comparing them to the actual
expenses incurred in 2022 and to what is contractually agreed in the consultancy agreement with
the Sponsor. Additionally, we assessed the reasonableness of the forecasted expenses by
comparing them to what is common in the market on cost to be incurred for acquiring a
Company; and
We reviewed the adequacy and appropriateness of the management board’s disclosures in the
annual accounts for consistency with the results of our audit procedures.
64
We evaluated whether the going-concern risk including management’s plan to address the identified risk
and the most significant underlying assumptions have been sufficiently described in the notes to the
financial statements. We found the disclosure going concern in the financial statements, where
management disclosed conditions that indicate the existence of a material uncertainty which may cast
significant doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern to be adequate.
Key audit matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in the
audit of the financial statements. In addition to the matter described in the section ‘Material uncertainty
related to going concern’ we have determined that there are no other key audit matters to be
communicated in our report.
Report on the other information included in the annual report
The annual report contains other information. This includes all information in the annual report in
addition to the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon.
Based on the procedures performed as set out below, we conclude that the other information:
is consistent with the financial statements and does not contain material misstatements;
contains all the information regarding the directors’ report and the other information that is
required by Part 9 of Book 2 and the Dutch Civil Code.
We have read the other information. Based on our knowledge and the understanding obtained in our
audit of the financial statements or otherwise, we have considered whether the other information contains
material misstatements.
By performing our procedures, we comply with the requirements of Part 9 of Book 2 and the Dutch
Standard 720. The scope of such procedures was substantially less than the scope of those procedures
performed in our audit of the financial statements.
The management board is responsible for the preparation of the other information, including the
directors’ report and the other information in accordance with Part 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code.
Report on other legal and regulatory requirements and ESEF
Our appointment
We were appointed as auditors of ESG Core Investments B.V. on 18 November 2021 by the supervisory
board. This followed the passing of a resolution by the shareholders at the annual general meeting held on
18 November 2021. Our appointment has been renewed annually by shareholders and now represents a
total period of uninterrupted engagement of 2 years.
European Single Electronic Format (ESEF)
ESG Core Investments B.V. has prepared the annual report, including the financial statements, in ESEF.
The requirements for this format are set out in the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/815 with
regard to regulatory technical standards on the specification of a single electronic reporting format (these
requirements are hereinafter referred to as: the RTS on ESEF).
65
In our opinion, the annual report prepared in XHTML format, including the partially marked-up
consolidated financial statements, as included in the reporting package by ESG Core Investments B.V.,
complies, in all material respects, with the RTS on ESEF.
The management board is responsible for preparing the annual report, including the financial statements,
in accordance with the RTS on ESEF, whereby the management board combines the various components
into a single reporting package. Our responsibility is to obtain reasonable assurance for our opinion on
whether the annual report in this reporting package complies with the RTS on ESEF.
We performed our examination in accordance with Dutch law, including Dutch Standard 3950N
’Assurance-opdrachten inzake het voldoen aan de criteria voor het opstellen van een digitaal
verantwoordingsdocument’ (assurance engagements relating to compliance with criteria for digital
reporting).
Our procedures, taking into account Alert 43 of the NBA (Royal Netherlands Institute of Chartered
Accountants),examination included amongstamong others:
Obtaining an understanding of the entity’s financial reporting process, including the preparation of
the reporting package.
Identifying and assessing the risks that the annual report does not comply in all material respects
with the RTs on ESEF and designing and performing further assurance procedures responsive to
those risks to provide a basis for our opinion, including:
Obtaining the reporting package and performing validations to determine whether the reporting
package, containing the Inline XBRL instance document and the XBRL extension taxonomy files,
has been prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with the technical specifications as
included in the RTS on ESEF.
Examining the information related to the consolidated financial statements in the reporting
package to determine whether all required mark-ups have been applied and whether these are in
accordance with the RTS on ESEF.
No prohibited non-audit services
To the best of our knowledge and belief, we have not provided prohibited non-audit services as referred to
in article 5(1) of the European Regulation on specific requirements regarding statutory audit of public-
interest entities.
Services rendered
The services, in addition to the audit, that we have provided to the Company or its controlled entities, for
the period to which our statutory audit relates, are disclosed in note audit fees to the company financial
statements.
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Responsibilities for the financial statements and the audit
Responsibilities of the management board and the supervisory board for
the financial statements
The management board is responsible for:
the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with EU-IFRS and
Part 9 of Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code; and for
such internal control as the management board determines is necessary to enable the preparation
of the financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or
error.
As part of the preparation of the financial statements, the management board is responsible for assessing
the Company’s ability to continue as a going-concern. Based on the financial reporting frameworks
mentioned, the management board should prepare the financial statements using the going-concern basis
of accounting unless the management board either intends to liquidate the Company or to cease
operations or has no realistic alternative but to do so. The management board should disclose in the
financial statements any event and circumstances that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s
ability to continue as a going concern.
The supervisory board is responsible for overseeing the Company’s financial reporting process.
Our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
Our responsibility is to plan and perform an audit engagement in a manner that allows us to obtain
sufficient and appropriate audit evidence to provide a basis for our opinion. Our objectives are to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion.
Reasonable assurance is a high but not absolute level of assurance, which makes it possible that we may
not detect all material misstatements. Misstatements may arise due to fraud or error. They are considered
material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic
decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial statements.
Materiality affects the nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures and the evaluation of the effect of
identified misstatements on our opinion.
A more detailed description of our responsibilities is set out in the appendix to our report.
Zwolle, 4 January 2023
PricewaterhouseCoopers Accountants N.V.
/PwC_Partner _Signature/
F.S. van der Ploeg RA
67
Appendix to our auditor’s report on the financial statements
2022 of ESG Core Investments B.V.
In addition to what is included in our auditor’s report, we have further set out in this appendix our
responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements and explained what an audit involves.
The auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
We have exercised professional judgement and have maintained professional scepticism throughout the
audit in accordance with Dutch Standards on Auditing, ethical requirements and independence
requirements. Our audit consisted, among other things of the following:
Identifying and assessing the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether
due to fraud or error, designing and performing audit procedures responsive to those risks, and
obtaining audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The
risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting
from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or
the intentional override of internal control.
Obtaining an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit
procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an
opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control.
Evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting
estimates and related disclosures made by the management board.
Concluding on the appropriateness of the management board’s use of the going-concern basis of
accounting, and based on the audit evidence obtained, concluding whether a material uncertainty
exists related to events and/or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s
ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are
required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the financial
statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are
based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report and are made in the
context of our opinion on the financial statements as a whole.
Evaluating the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including
the disclosures, and evaluating whether the financial statements represent the underlying
transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
Considering our ultimate responsibility for the opinion on the consolidated financial statements, we are
responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. In this context, we have
determined the nature and extent of the audit procedures for components of the Group to ensure that we
performed enough work to be able to give an opinion on the financial statements as a whole. Determining
factors are the geographic structure of the Group, the significance and/or risk profile of group entities or
activities, the accounting processes and controls, and the industry in which the Group operates. On this
basis, we selected group entities for which an audit or review of financial information or specific balances
was considered necessary.
We communicate with the supervisory board regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and
timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control
that we identify during our audit. In this respect, we also issue an additional report to the audit committee
in accordance with article 11 of the EU Regulation on specific requirements regarding statutory audit of
public-interest entities. The information included in this additional report is consistent with our audit
opinion in this auditor’s report.
68
We provide the supervisory board with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical
requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters
that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related actions taken
to eliminate threats or safeguards applied.
From the matters communicated with the supervisory board, we determine those matters that were of
most significance in the audit of the financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key
audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor’s report unless law or regulation precludes public
disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, not communicating the matter is in
the public interest.
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