
Annual Report 2021 24
commencement date because the interest
rate implicit in the lease is not readily
determinable. After the commencement
date, the amount of lease liabilities is
increased to reflect the accretion of
interest and reduced for the lease
payments made. In addition, the carrying
amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if
there is a modification, a change in the
lease term, a change in the lease
payments (e.g., changes to future
payments resulting from a change in an
index or rate used to determine such lease
payments) or a change in the assessment
of an option to purchase the underlying
asset.
The Company’s lease liabilities are
reported separately.
The Company applies the short-term lease
recognition exemption to its short-term
leases of machinery and equipment (i.e.,
those leases that have a lease term of 12
months or less from the commencement
date and do not contain a purchase
option). It also applies the lease of low-
value assets recognition exemption to
leases of office equipment that are
considered to be low value. Lease
payments on short-term leases and leases
of low-value assets are recognized as
expense on a straight-line basis over the
lease term. All lease liabilities with an
initial contract value equal or less than
USD 5,000 have been threatened as low-
value assets
Net sales
Net sales are recognized when control
over a product is transferred to a
customer. This is usually when the product
is send to the customer. Revenue is
measured at the transaction price which is
based on the amount of consideration that
the Company expects to receive in
exchange for transferring the promised
goods to the customer net of freight,
returns, allowances and sales tax. Cost of
sales are recorded in the same period as
sales are recognized. Other revenues and
expenses are recorded in the period in
which they originate.
Research and development
Research costs are expensed as incurred.
Development costs are capitalized if it is
probable that the expected future
economic benefits that are attributable to
the asset will flow to the entity; and the
cost of the asset can be measured
reliably.
Income tax
Current tax assets and liabilities for the
current and prior years are measured at
the amount expected to be recovered from
or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax
rates and tax laws used to compute the
amount are those that are enacted or
substantively enacted at the balance sheet
date. Management periodically evaluates
positions taken in the tax returns with
respect to situations in which applicable
tax regulations are subject to interpretation
and establishes provisions where
appropriate.
Deferred income tax is provided, using the
liability method, on all temporary
differences at the balance sheet date
between the tax basis of assets and
liabilities and their carrying amounts for
financial reporting purposes. Deferred
income tax liabilities are recognized for all
taxable temporary differences such as the
value of inventories, fixed assets and
provisions for tax purposes which differ
from the value used for financial reporting
purposes, except where the deferred
income tax liability arises from the initial
recognition of goodwill or the initial
recognition of an asset or liability in a
transaction that is not a business
combination and, at the time of the
transaction, affects neither the accounting
profit nor taxable profit or loss; and in
respect of taxable temporary differences
associated with investments in
subsidiaries, associates and interests in
joint ventures, except where the timing of
the reversal of the temporary differences
can be controlled and it is probable that
the temporary differences will not reverse
in the foreseeable future.
Deferred income tax assets are
recognized for all deductible temporary
differences, carry-forward of unused tax
assets and unused tax losses, to the
extent that it is probable that taxable profit
will be available against which the
deductible temporary differences, and the
carry-forward of unused tax assets and
unused tax losses can be utilized, except
where the deferred income tax asset
relating to the deductible temporary
difference arises from the initial
recognition of an asset or liability in a
transaction that is not a business
combination and, at the time of the
transaction, affects neither the accounting
profit nor taxable profit or loss; and in
respect of deductible temporary
differences associated with investments in
subsidiaries, associates and interests in
joint ventures, deferred tax assets are only
recognized to the extent that it is probable
that the temporary differences will reverse
in the foreseeable future and taxable profit
will be available against which the
temporary differences can be utilized.
The carrying amount of deferred income
tax assets is reviewed at each balance
sheet date and reduced to the extent that
it is no longer probable that sufficient
taxable profit will be available to allow all
or part of the deferred income tax asset to
be utilized.
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities
are measured at the tax rates that are
expected to apply to the year when the
asset is realized or the liability is settled,
based on tax rates (and tax laws) that
have been enacted or substantively
enacted at the balance sheet date.
Income taxes relating to items recognized
directly in equity or other comprehensive
income are recognized in equity or other
comprehensive income and not in the
income statement.
Sales tax
Revenues, expenses and assets are
recognized net of the amount of sales tax
except:
- where the sales tax incurred on a
purchase of goods and services is not
recoverable from the taxation
authority, in which case the sales tax
is recognized as part of the cost of
acquisition of the asset or as part of
the expense item as applicable; and
- receivables and payables are stated
with the amount of sales tax included.
The net amount of sales tax recoverable
from, or payable to, the taxation authority
is included as part of receivables or
payables in the balance sheet.
Derivative financial instruments
The Company uses derivative financial
instruments such as foreign currency
contracts, interest rate swaps and metals
futures to hedge its risks associated with
interest rate, metal commodities and
foreign currency fluctuations. Such
derivative financial instruments are stated
at fair value. Derivatives are carried as
assets when the fair value is positive and
as liabilities when the fair value is
negative. The fair value of a financial
instrument is the amount for which an
asset could be exchanged, or a liability
settled, between knowledgeable, willing
parties in an arm’s length transaction. Fair
values are determined from listed market
prices, price quotations from banks or
from pricing models. Any gains or losses
arising from changes in fair value on
derivatives are taken directly to the
income statement. No hedge accounting is
applied for hedges, except for net
investments.
Foreign currency differences arising on
the retranslation of a financial liability
designated as a hedge of a net investment
in a foreign operation are recognized
directly as a separate component of
equity, to the extent that the hedge is
effective. To the extent that the hedge is
ineffective, such differences are
recognized in the statement of income.
Significant events in the period and
accounting judgements and estimates
Impact of COVID-19 on the financial
statements
The COVID-19 pandemic had an
immaterial impact on the consolidated
financial statements of the Group as of 31
December 2021 and no subsidy was
received.