The group performs a reassessment of whether it controls or does not control an entity when facts and
circumstances indicate that there are changes in one or more of the control elements.
The acquisition method is used in accounting for business combinations, see note 15. Subsidiaries are
consolidated from the date the group obtains control and are deconsolidated when control ceases.
The result, as well as each component of other comprehensive income and expenses, is attributed to the
group and to non-controlling interests, even if this results in a loss for the non-controlling interests. If
necessary, the subsidiaries' financial statements are adjusted to comply with the group's accounting policies.
Intra-group transactions and balances, as well as gains and losses arising from transactions between the
companies, are eliminated. Non-controlling ownership interests are presented on a separate line within the
equity section of the consolidated balance sheet.
Change in ownership percentage without loss of control
Changes in ownership percentages in subsidiaries that do not result in loss of control are recognized as equity
transactions. The consideration is recognized at fair value, and the difference between the consideration and
the carrying value of non-controlling interests is recognized against the controlling owners' equity.
Loss of control
In the event of a change in ownership percentage that results in loss of control, the consideration is measured
at fair value. The carrying values of the assets (including goodwill) and liabilities in the subsidiary and non-
controlling interests are deducted at the time control is lost. The fair value of the consideration received, less
the carrying values of the liabilities in the subsidiary and non-controlling interests at the time control is lost, is
recognized. Any remaining ownership interest is measured at fair value, and any gain or loss is recognized in
the income statement at the time control ceases.
Associated companies and joint ventures
The group had investments in associated companies and joint ventures.
Associated companies are entities over which the group has significant influence, but not control or joint
control, over the financial and operational management.
A joint venture is a jointly controlled arrangement in which the parties that jointly control the arrangement have
rights to the arrangement's net assets. Joint control is the contractual agreement to share control over an
arrangement, which only exists when decisions about relevant activities require unanimity among the parties
sharing control.
The evaluation elements used to determine whether the group has joint control or significant influence over a
company are similar to the evaluations of control of subsidiary companies. For further description of the
group's evaluations related to degree of influence and joint control, as well as classification of jointly controlled
arrangement, see note 8.
Associated companies and jointly controlled entities are recognized using the equity method from the point at
which significant influence or joint control is obtained and until such influence ceases. At initial recognition,
associate companies and jointly controlled entities are measured at cost. The group's share of the results in
associate companies and jointly controlled entities is recognized in the carrying amount of the units, while the
group's share of the results is recognized in the group's income statement. Goodwill related to the associate
company and jointly controlled entity is included in the carrying amount of the investment and is not individually
tested for impairment.
The group's share of income from investments in associate companies and jointly controlled entities is
presented on separate lines in the income statement. Changes in other income and expenses in these
investments are included in the group's other income and expenses. Similarly, the group's share of
contributions directly to equity in the underlying investment is presented in the group's equity statement.
Unrealized gains related to transactions with associate companies and jointly controlled entities
are eliminated with the group's share in the entity.
When there are indications of impairment, an impairment test is conducted on the carrying amount
of the investment. Any impairment loss is recognized in the income share from the associate
company or jointly controlled entity in the financial statements.