
Annual Report 2021 Karnov Group Denmark A/S
13
Extension and termination options
When determining the lease term for lease agreements containing
extension and termination options, Management considers
circumstances that create a financial incentive to exercise an
extension option or not to exercise a termination option. Extension
and termination options are only included in the lease term if it is
reasonably certain that a lease will be extended/terminated.
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant and equipment are recognised at cost less
accumulated depreciation. Cost is defined as the acquisition price
and costs directly attributable to the acquisition of the items.
Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or
recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is
probable that future economic benefits associated with the item
will flow to the company and the cost of the item can be measured
reliably. The carrying amounts of any replaced parts are
derecognised. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the
income statement during the financial period in which they are
incurred.
Depreciation on property, plant and equipment is calculated using
the straight-line method to allocate their cost to their residual
values over their estimated useful lives, which are as follows:
Improvements on leaseholds; 5 years
Furniture, fittings and equipment; 3 - 5 years
The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and
adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.
Property, plant and equipment are written down immediately to
their recoverable amounts, if these are lower than their carrying
amount.
Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the
proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised within
“other operating income" or “other operating expenses” in the
income statement.
IMPAIRMENT OF NON-FINANCIAL ASSETS
Assets that have an indefinite useful life – for example, goodwill or
intangible assets not ready to use – are not subject to amortisation
and are tested annually for impairment. Property, plant and
equipment and intangible assets that are subject to amortisation
are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be re-
coverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by
which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount.
The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less
costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of assessing
impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there
are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units).
Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets, except for
goodwill, that suffered impairment are reviewed for possible
reversal of the impairment at each reporting date.
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The company classifies its financial assets and liabilities in the
following categories: financial assets and liabilities at fair value
through profit or loss, financial assets at amortised cost and other
financial liabilities. The classification depends on the purpose for
which the financial assets or liabilities were acquired. Management
determines the classification of its financial assets at initial
recognition.
Classification
Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value through profit
or loss are financial assets and liabilities held for trading. A financial
asset or liability is classified in this category if acquired principally
for the purpose of selling in the short term.
Financial assets measured at amortised cost
Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows where
those cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest
are measured at amortised cost. The carrying amount of these
assets is adjusted with expected credit losses (see below). Interest
income is recognized using the effective interest method and is
included in financial income in the income statement. The
company’s financial assets measured at amortised cost comprise of
trade receivables, other receivables, and cash and cash equivalents.
Other financial liabilities
The borrowings of the company (including the balance sheet items
borrowings from related parties) and trade payables are classified
as other financial liabilities. Refer to the description of accounting
policies below.
Recognition and measurement
Regular purchases and sales of financial assets and financial
liabilities are recognised on the trade-date – the date on which the
company commits to purchase or sell the asset or liability. At initial
recognition, the company measures a financial asset or liability at its
fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset or liability not at fair
value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly
attributable to the acquisition of the financial asset. Transaction
costs of financial assets or liabilities carried at fair value through
profit or loss are expensed in profit or loss. Financial assets are
derecognised when the right to receive cash flows from the
investment has expired or has been transferred and the company
has transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership.
Financial liabilities are derecognised when the commitment in the
agreement has been fulfilled or otherwise extinguished.
Financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value
through profit or loss are subsequently carried at the acquisition
date at fair value. Loans and receivables and other financial
liabilities are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the
effective interest method. Gains or losses arising from changes in
the fair value of ‘financial assets or liabilities at fair value through
profit or loss are presented in the income statement within “finance
costs” in the period in which they arise.
INVENTORIES
Inventories are recognised at the lower of cost and net realisable
value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.
The cost of goods for resale comprises the cost of acquisition of the
goods. This cost excludes borrowing costs. The inventory mainly
consists of books. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price
in the ordinary course of business, less applicable variable selling