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1
Consolidated Income Statement
For the year ended 31 December
2022
2022
2021
2021
After
exceptional item
Before
exceptional
item
Exceptional
item
After
exceptional
item
Continuing operations
Note
€m
€m
€m
€m
Revenue
5
3,268 .3
2,956. 6
—
2,956. 6
Cost of sales
6
(3,03 8.3)
(2,626. 8)
—
(2,626. 8)
Gross profit
230.0
32 9.8
—
329.8
Distribution costs
6
(112. 1)
(93. 9)
—
(93.9)
Administrative expenses
6
(336. 1)
(105.8)
—
(105.8)
Net foreign exchange losses
4
(0.7)
(6.9)
—
(6.9)
Other gains and losses
11
1.9
3.6
—
3.6
Operating (loss)/profit
(217. 0)
12 6.8
—
126.8
Finance income
12
5.7
3.1
—
3.1
Finance expense
12
(64.4)
(63. 1)
(11.8)
(74.9)
Net finance expense
(58.7)
(60. 0)
(11.8)
(71.8)
Share of loss of associate
20
—
(0.9)
—
(0.9)
(Loss)/profit before income tax
(275. 7)
65.9
(11.8)
54.1
Income tax expense
13
(3.3)
(40. 9)
2.8
(38.1)
(Loss)/profit for the year
(279. 0)
25.0
(9.0)
16.0
(Loss)/profit for the year attributable to:
Owners of the Parent Company
(279. 1)
23.3
(9.0)
14.3
Non-controlling interests
26
0.1
1.7
1.7
(279. 0)
25.0
16.0
Total earnings per share (Euro, cents)
Basic
14
(54.39)
2.76
Diluted
14
(54.39)
2.73
*Refer to Note 3 for reconciliation to adjusted performance measures (APMs).
2
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the year ended 31 December
2022
2021
Note
€m
€m
(Loss)/profit for the year
(279. 0)
16.0
Other comprehensive income/(expense)
Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss
– Re-measurements of retirement benefit obligations
30
28.0
36.3
– Income tax expense on retirement benefit obligations
13
(6.9)
(6.8)
21.1
29.5
Items that may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss
– Currency translation
6.0
75.1
– Net investment hedges
25
—
0.9
6.0
76.0
Total other comprehensive income for the year
27.1
10 5.5
Total comprehensive (expense) /income for the year
(251. 9)
12 1.5
Attributable to:
– Owners of the Parent Company
(252. 0)
12 0.1
– Non-controlling interests
26
0.1
1.4
Total comprehensive (expense)/income for the year
(251. 9)
12 1.5
3
Consolidated Balance Sheet
As at 31 December
2022
2021
Note
€m
€m
Non-current assets
Intangible assets
16
603.9
884.8
Right-of-use assets
18
105.3
125.2
Property, plant and equipment
17
531.4
595.4
Deferred income tax assets
13
105.2
70.5
Trade and other receivables
22
2 0.6
19.2
1,366.4
1,695. 1
Current assets
Inventories
21
372.0
332.3
Trade and other receivables
22
542.0
520.5
Current income tax assets
13
7.9
11.4
Derivative financial instruments
29
2.8
0.9
Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss
23
—
0.9
Cash and cash equivalents
23
491.0
499.1
1,415 .7
1,365. 1
Total assets
2,782 .1
3,060. 2
Equity
Share capital
24
6.8
6.8
Share premium
24
2.2
2.2
Other reserves
25
(55.4)
(61.4)
Retained earnings
722.6
995.9
Equity attributable to owners of the Parent Company
676.2
943.5
Non-controlling interests
26
0.5
0.4
Total equity
676.7
943.9
Non-current liabilities
Trade and other payables
27
1 2.8
14.6
Borrowings
28
1,114 .0
1,098. 5
Lease liabilities
18
117.8
119.8
Deferred income tax liabilities
13
8 0.7
95.8
Retirement benefit obligations
30
104.2
128.1
Provisions
31
2.6
2.6
1,432 .1
1,459. 4
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
27
584.8
546.1
Current income tax liabilities
13
4 4.5
49.9
Borrowings
28
1.9
1.8
Lease liabilities
18
2 7.8
30.1
Derivative financial instruments
29
0.2
0.3
Provisions
31
1 4.0
28.7
673.2
656.9
Total liabilities
2,105 .3
2,116. 3
Total equity and liabilities
2,782 .0
3,060. 2
The Financial Statements on pages [xxx to xxx] were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on [15]
March 2023 and were signed on its behalf by:
Hans Dieltjens Ronald Hundzinski
Chief Executive Officer and President Chief Financial Officer
4
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
For the year ended 31 December
Note
Ordinar
y
shares
Share
premiu
m
Other
reserve
s
Retaine
d
earning
s Total
Non-
controll
ing
interest
s
Total
equity
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
Balance at 1 January 2022
6.8
2.2
(61.4)
995.9
943.5
0.4
943.9
Profit for the year
—
—
—
(279. 1)
(279. 1)
0.1
(279. 0)
Total other comprehensive
income for the year
—
—
6.0
21.1
27.1
—
27.1
Total comprehensive
income/(expense) for the
year
—
—
6.0
(258. 0)
(252. 0)
0.1
(251. 9)
Share-based expense 7 —
—
—
9.6
9.6
—
9.6
Issue of own shares from
Employee Benefit Trust
7 —
—
—
1.0
1.0
—
1.0
Vested share awards 7 —
—
—
(1.9)
(1.9)
—
(1.9)
Purchase of own shares 7 —
—
—
(11.4)
(11.4)
—
(11.4)
Dividends paid
14
—
—
—
(12.6)
(12.6)
—
(12.6)
Balance at 31 December
2022
6.8
2.2
(55.4)
722.6
676.2
0.5
676.7
5
Ordinary
shares
Sha
re
premium
Other
reserves
Retained
earnings
Total
Non-
controlling
interests
Total
equity
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
Balance at 1 January
2021
6.8
2.2
(137.7)
987.7
859.0
25.2
884.2
Profit for the year
—
—
—
14.3
14.3
1.7
16.0
Total other
comprehensive
income/(expense) for
the year
—
—
76.3
29.5
105.8
(0.3)
105.5
Total comprehensive
income for the year —
—
76.3
43.8
120.1
1.4
121.5
Decrease in share held
by Non-controlling
interests —
—
—
26.2
26.2
(26.2)
—
Purchase of NCI
—
—
—
(15. 5)
(15.5)
—
(15.5)
Share-based expense —
—
—
6.8
6.8
—
6.8
Issue of own shares
from Employee
Benefit Trust —
—
—
1.1
1.1
—
1.1
Vested share awards
—
—
—
(0.9)
(0.9)
—
(0.9)
Purchase of own
shares —
—
—
(8.3)
(8.3)
—
(8.3)
Dividends paid
—
—
—
(45. 0)
(45.0)
—
(45.0)
Balance at 31
December 2021 6 .8
2.2
(61.4)
995.9
943.5
0.4
943.9
6
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
For the year ended 31 December
2022
2021
Note
€m
€m
Cash flows from operating activities
Cash generated from operations
32
282.5
319.8
Interest paid
(56.7)
(50.6)
Income tax paid on operating activities
(58.3)
(54.1)
Net cash generated from operating activities
167.5
215.1
Cash flows from investing activities
Payment for property, plant and equipment
(90.8)
(88.2)
Payment for intangible assets
(27.1)
(35.4)
Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment
—
1.4
Proceeds from the sale of associated undertakings
20
—
15.5
Tax paid on the proceeds from the sale of associated undertakings
20
(3.0)
—
Interest received
4.3
3.1
Net cash used in investing activities
(116. 6)
(103.6)
Net cash generated from operating & investing activities ('Free Cash Flow') 3 50. 9
111.5
Cash flows from financing activities
Purchase of own shares
24
(11.4)
(8.3)
Purchase of non-controlling interests
26
—
(15.5)
Proceeds from new borrowings
28.1
—
600.0
Fees paid on proceeds from new borrowings
28.1
—
(15.3)
Voluntary repayments of borrowings
28.1
—
(600.0)
Scheduled repayments of borrowings
28.1
(5.5)
(6.8)
Lease principal repayments
18
(32.9)
(31.6)
Dividends paid
15
(12.6)
(45.0)
Net cash used in financing activities
(62.4)
(122.5)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(11.5)
(11.0)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year
23
499.1
485.8
Currency translation on cash and cash equivalents
3.4
24.3
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year
23
491.0
499.1
7
Notes to the Group Financial Statements
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are set
out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.
1.1. Basis of Preparation
The consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022 were prepared in accordance with
IFRS in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and UK-adopted international accounting
standards.
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with international accounting standards in
conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 (‘IFRS’) and the applicable legal requirements of
the Companies Act 2006. In addition to complying with international accounting standards in conformity with
the requirements of the Companies Act 2006, the consolidated financial statements also comply with UK-
adopted international accounting standards and the Disclosure and Transparency Rules of the Financial
Conduct Authority.
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, except for the
fair valuation of assets and liabilities of subsidiary companies acquired, and financial assets and liabilities at fair
value through profit and loss ('FVTPL') (including derivative instruments not in hedged relationships).
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses
during the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on management’s reasonable knowledge,
actual results may differ from those estimates.
The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are
critical to the consolidated financial statements are disclosed in Note 1.4.
1.1.1. Going Concern
The Directors are of the opinion that the Group has adequate resources to continue in operational existence
for at least 12 months from the date of approval of its consolidated financial statements. The Group therefore
continues to adopt the going concern basis in preparing its consolidated financial statements. Further
information on the Group’s borrowings is given in Note 28.
Further details of the Going Concern and Viability statements are disclosed in the Compliance statements. See
page [xxx].
8
1.1.2. Functional and Presentation Currency
Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of
the primary economic environment in which each entity operates (the 'functional currency'). The functional
currency of each Group company has been assessed against the underlying transactions and economic
conditions in which it operates.
These financial statements are presented in Euros, which is the Group’s presentation currency. All financial
information presented in Euro has been rounded to the nearest 100,000 except where stated otherwise.
1.1.3. Changes in Accounting Policy and Disclosures
Changes in accounting policies and disclosures are set out below:
1.1.3.1. New and Revised IFRS Affecting Amounts Reported in the Current Year (and/or Prior
Years)
There are no standards or IFRS IC interpretations effective in the current year that would be expected to have a
material impact on the Group.
1.1.3.2. New and Revised IFRS in Issue but not yet Effective
A number of new standards, amendments to standards, and interpretations are effective for annual periods
beginning on or after 1 January 2023, or are not yet effective because they have not yet been endorsed by the
UK Endorsement Board. These have not been applied in preparing the consolidated financial statements.
9
The Group has not applied the following new and revised standards that have been issued but are not yet
effective or are not yet endorsed by the UK Endorsement Board:
IFRS 17 'Insurance Contracts'
1
IFRS 17 replaces IFRS 4 for all entities that issue insurance contracts.
Amendments to IAS 8:
Accounting Policies and
Accounting Estimates
1
Replaces the definition of accounting estimates and clarifies that a change
in accounting estimate that results from new information or new
developments is not the correction of an error.
Amendments to IAS 1:
Accounting Policies
1
Requires that an entity discloses its material accounting policies, instead of
its significant accounting policies.
Amendments to IAS 1: Non
current liabilities with
covenants
1
Clarifies how conditions, with which an entity must comply within twelve
months after the reporting period, affect the classification of a liability.
Amendment to IAS 12:
Deferred Tax Related to Assets
and Liabilities Arising from a
Single Transaction
1
Clarifies that the initial recognition exemption does not apply to
transactions in which equal amounts of deductible and taxable temporary
differences arise on initial recognition.
Amendments to IAS 1:
Classification of Liabilities as
Current or Non-Current
2
Provides guidance on whether debt and other liabilities with an uncertain
settlement date should be classified as current or non-current.
Amendments to IFRS 16:
Lease Liability in a Sale and
Leaseback
2
Specifies how a seller-lessee should apply the subsequent measurement
requirements in IFRS 16 to the lease liability that arises in a sale and
leaseback transaction with variable payments that do not depend on an
index or rate.
1 Effective for the Group’s 2023 financial statements
2 Effective for the Group’s 2024 financial statements
The new and revised standards disclosed above are not expected to have a material impact on the Group.
There are no other standards or IFRS IC interpretations that are not yet effective that would be expected to
have a material impact on the Group.
1.2. Consolidation
1.2.1. Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are all entities over which the Group has control. The Group controls an entity when the Group is
exposed to, or has rights to variable returns from, its involvement with the Group and has the ability to affect
those returns through its power over the entity. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which
control is transferred to the Group. They are de-consolidated from the date that control ceases.
The Group applies the acquisition method to account for business combinations. The consideration transferred
to the former owners of the acquiree for the acquisition of a subsidiary is the fair value of the assets
transferred, the liabilities incurred, and any equity interests issued by the Group. The consideration transferred
includes the fair value of any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement.
10
Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are
measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. The Group recognises any non-controlling interest
in the acquiree on an acquisition-by-acquisition basis, either at fair value or at the non-controlling interest’s
proportionate share of the recognised amounts of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets.
Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred in accordance with IFRS 3 ‘Business Combinations’.
Intercompany transactions and balances between Group companies are eliminated. Profits and losses resulting
from intercompany transactions that are recognised in assets are eliminated. Accounting policies of
subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the
Group.
A list of subsidiaries and their countries of incorporation is presented in Note 4 of the Parent Company’s
financial statements. The term ‘Group’ means the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries and undertakings.
1.2.2. Associates
Associates are all entities over which the Group has significant influence but not control, generally
accompanying a shareholding of between 20% and 50% of the voting rights. Investments in associates are
accounted for using the equity method of accounting, under which the investment is initially recognised at
cost, and the carrying amount is increased or decreased to recognise the investor’s share of the profit or loss of
the investee after the date of acquisition. On 8 December 2021, the Group disposed in full of its only
associated undertaking, see Note 20 for further details.
1.3. Foreign Currencies
1.3.1. Foreign Currency Transactions
Transactions in foreign currencies are converted to the respective functional currencies of Group entities at
exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign
currencies at the reporting date are converted to the functional currency at the exchange rate at that date.
Non-monetary items that are measured at historical cost in a foreign currency are converted using the
exchange rate at the date of the transaction.
All transactional foreign currency differences are included in the Income Statement.
1.3.2. Foreign Operations
Foreign operations are those subsidiaries whose functional currency is not Euro. For the purposes of
consolidation, income and expenses of foreign operations are translated to Euro at average exchange rates for
the year, and assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated to Euro at exchange rates at the
reporting date. Foreign currency translation differences are recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive
Income.
11
The average and year-end exchange rates for the Group’s principal currencies were:
Key Euro exchange rates
2022
Average
31
December
2021
Average
31
December
US dollar
1.053
1.067
1.182
1.137
Chinese renminbi
7.079
7.362
7.628
7.228
Korean won
1,358
1,343
1,354
1,352
1.4. Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgements
The preparation of financial statements requires the use of accounting estimates and for management to
exercise judgement in applying the Group’s accounting policies. Assumptions and accounting estimates are
subject to regular review, governed by Group-wide policies and controls. Any revisions required to accounting
estimates are recognised in the year in which the revisions are made including all future periods affected.
The judgements and estimates that have the most significant and critical effect on the amounts included in the
financial statements are in relation to post-employment obligations, impairments of assets, and recognition of
deferred tax assets.
1.4.1. Critical Accounting Estimates
The critical accounting estimates below have a significant risk of material adjustment to the carrying value of
assets and liabilities in the next financial year.
1.4.1.1 Post-employment obligations
Costs and obligations of the Group’s defined benefit plans are calculated on the basis of a range of
assumptions, including discount rates, inflation rates, salary growth and mortality assumptions. Further
details, including a sensitivity analysis illustrating how changes in the principal assumptions would impact the
total defined benefit obligation, are included in the Retirement Benefit Obligations note. See Note 30.5.
12
1.4.1.2 Impairments of assets
Management has designated the key input assumptions to the Group impairment test as being critical
estimates, due to the significant impact they have on the outcome of the CGU recoverable amount calculation.
The key inputs are five-year forecast operating cash flows, discount rates and long-term expected growth rates.
Forecast operating cash flows are based on the Group's 2023 budget and 2024-2027 medium-term plan.
Estimation is used in forecasting global automotive production volumes, as well as pricing, operating costs,
capital expenditure and working capital assumptions used in arriving at operating cash flows. CGU discount
rates are established using a weighted average cost of capital calculation. This includes the estimation of
certain country specific macroeconomic variables. Long-term expected growth rates are typically based on
country specific inflation adjusted forecast GDP. In the current year, long-term expected growth rates for the
FTDS CGUs have been estimated with reference to a longer-term outlook model, covering the period 2028-
2035. Further discussion regarding how these critical estimates have been made and sensitivity analysis of CGU
recoverable amounts to changes in these assumptions can be found in Note 19.
1.4.1.3 Deferred tax
Recognition of deferred tax assets is based on forecast taxable income and a key input is the Group’s 2023
budget and 2024 to 2027 medium term plan. Estimation is used in the budget and plan in forecasting global
automotive production, pricing and operating costs.
1.4.2 Critical Accounting Judgements
1.4.2.1 Impairments of assets
Management has applied judgement in establishing a negative growth rate into perpetuity for the FTDS CGUs.
This judgement is based on management's perceived likelihood of outcomes, drawing on their industry
experience and expertise. Judgement has also been applied by management in establishing whether there is
sufficient evidence of a significant and prolonged improvement in the forecast profitability of CGUs to support
the reversal of any previously recognised impairment losses. Further discussion on the outcome of this
judgement is included within Note 19.
1.4.2.2 Deferred tax assets
Recognition of deferred tax assets is based on forecast future taxable income and involves the exercise of
Management’s judgement regarding the period over which recoverability is assessed taking into account
factors such as regulations regarding the amount of tax losses that can be utilised per year and any restrictions
on the amount of time that tax losses can be carried forward.
13
1.5. Goodwill
Initial measurement
Goodwill is initially measured as the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount
of non-controlling interests over the fair value of net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. If the
total of consideration transferred, non-controlling interest recognised and previously held interest measured at
fair value is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, in the case of a bargain
purchase, the difference is recognised directly in the Income Statement.
Subsequent measurement
Goodwill is measured at cost less accumulated impairment losses. In respect of equity accounted investees, the
carrying amount of goodwill is included in the carrying amount of the investment, and an impairment loss on
such an investment is not allocated to any asset, including goodwill, that forms part of the carrying amount of
the equity accounted investee.
Goodwill is not amortised, but is subject to impairment testing which is performed annually or when an
impairment trigger event occurs. The carrying value of goodwill is compared to the recoverable amount, which
is the higher of value-in-use and fair value less costs of disposal.
For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to each of the Group’s cash-generating units
('CGUs') that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination which generated the goodwill. If
the recoverable amount of the CGU is less than its carrying amount, the impairment loss is allocated first to
reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU and then to the other assets of the CGU pro-
rata based on the carrying amount of each asset in the CGU. CGUs comprise the two operating segments each
sub-divided into four geographic territories.
Any impairment loss for goodwill is recognised as an expense in the Income Statement. Impairment losses
recognised for goodwill are not reversed in subsequent periods.
1.6. Intangible Assets
Research and development
Expenditure on research activities is recognised as an expense in the year in which it is incurred.
Development activities involve a plan or design for the production of new or substantially improved products
and processes. Development expenditure is capitalised where the costs can be measured reliably, the product
or process is technically and commercially feasible, future economic benefits are probable, and the Group
intends to and has sufficient resources to complete the project and to use or sell the development asset.
Expenditure capitalised includes the cost of materials, direct labour, and overhead costs that are directly
attributable to preparing the asset for its intended use. Capitalised development expenditure is measured at
cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment charges. Development expenditure, which does not meet
the criteria for recognition as an intangible asset, is recognised in the Income Statement as incurred.
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Computer software
Acquired computer software licences are capitalised on the basis of the costs incurred to acquire and bring into
use the specific software. Costs associated with maintaining computer software programmes are recognised as
an expense as incurred.
Amortisation
Amortisation is recognised in the Income Statement on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of
intangible assets, other than goodwill, from the date that they are available for use. The estimated useful lives
for the current year are as follows:
• Capitalised development expenses 5-10 years (over the life of the production cycle)
• Computer software and licences 3-6 years
• Technology 4-8 years
• Customer platforms 11-25 years
Intangible assets that are under development are not amortised until they are brought into use. They are
reviewed for indications of impairment to ensure that expectations of future economic benefits remain valid.
Where there is any indication to the contrary, capitalisation ceases and costs are expensed.
1.7. Property, Plant and Equipment ('PP&E')
PP&E is stated at historical cost, which includes expenses directly attributable to bringing assets into productive
use including finance charges, less accumulated depreciation. Assets acquired as part of the acquisition of the
Group are valued at fair value as part of the acquisition accounting. Land is not depreciated. When major
components of an item of PP&E have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items.
Depreciation of PP&E is calculated using the straight-line method, reflecting expected patterns of consumption
of the future economic benefits embodied in the assets, to allocate their cost less residual values over their
estimated useful lives, as follows:
• Land and buildings 30-50 years
(or the period of the lease for improvements in leased buildings, and where the lease period is shorter)
• Plant, machinery and equipment 3-20 years
Depreciation is not charged on assets in the course of construction. Once completed these are transferred to
the relevant category above and depreciated accordingly.
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Enhancement expenditure of PP&E items is capitalised only when it is probable that future economic benefits
associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying
amount of replaced parts is de-recognised. All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the Income
Statement as incurred.
Gains and losses on disposals of PP&E are determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the
carrying amount, and are recognised net within other income in the Income Statement.
Investment grants received against the cost of acquired PP&E assets are included in payables as deferred
income and credited to the Income Statement on a straight-line basis over the useful lives of the relevant
assets.
1.8. Impairment of Non-Financial Assets
Assets that are subject to amortisation or depreciation are reviewed for impairment whenever events or
changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is
recognised for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The
recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs of disposal and value-in-use. For the
purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at CGU level, the lowest level for which there are
separately identifiable cash flows. Non-financial assets other than goodwill that have previously been impaired
are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at each reporting date.
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1.9. Right-of-Use Assets and Lease Liabilities
Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are created for all leases on the balance sheet, unless the lease term is
short, or the underlying asset has a low value ('exempt leases'). Short-term leases are leases with a lease term
of 12 months or less. Payments associated with exempt leases are recognised on a straight-line basis as an
expense in the income statement.
The Group first applied IFRS 16 'Leases' on 1 January 2019, in accordance with the simplified transition
(modified retrospective) approach permitted in the standard, with the cumulative effect of initially applying the
new standard recognised on that date. All lease liabilities recognised on the balance sheet ('non-exempt
leases'), were initially measured at the present value of their remaining lease payments, discounted using the
Group’s incremental borrowing rates as of 1 January 2019. All right-of-use assets existing at that date were
initially measured at the amount of the lease liability after adjusting for any prepaid or accrued lease expenses.
Since 1 January 2019, a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability has been recognised for all new
non-exempt leases at the date at which the underlying leased assets are made available for use by the Group
discounted using the Group’s incremental borrowing rate at that date. Incremental borrowing rates depend on
the term, country, currency and start date of the lease. The incremental borrowing rate is determined based on
a series of inputs including the risk-free rate based on government bond rates and a country-specific risk
adjustment incorporating a credit risk adjustment based on entity-specific risk.
Assets and liabilities arising from a lease are initially measured on a present value basis. Lease liabilities include
the net present value of the following lease payments:
• fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments), less any lease incentives receivable
• variable lease payments that are based on an index or a rate
• the exercise price of a purchase option if the Group is reasonably certain to exercise that option, and
• payments of penalties for terminating the lease, if the lease term reflects the lessee exercising that
option
Future increases or decreases in rentals linked to a price index or rate are not included in the lease liability until
the change in cash flows takes effect.
As a practical expedient, the Group has elected, by class of underlying asset, not to separate non-lease
components from lease components, and instead accounts for each lease component and any associated non-
lease components as a single lease component.
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Right-of-use assets are measured at cost comprising the following: the amount of the initial measurement of
the lease liability, any lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives
received, any initial direct costs, and restoration costs.
In determining the lease term, management considers all facts and circumstances that create an economic
incentive to exercise an extension option, or not exercise a termination option. Extension options (or periods
after termination options) are only included in the lease term if the lease is reasonably certain to be extended
(or not terminated). The assessment is reviewed if a significant event or a significant change in circumstances
occurs which affects this assessment and that is within the Group's control.
After initial recognition, lease interest payable is charged to the income statement over the lease term so as to
produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability for each period. The right-
of- use asset is depreciated over the shorter of the asset's useful life and the lease term on a straight-line basis.
The carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured when there is a change in the future lease payments due
under a lease, due to a change in the lease term or fixed lease payments under the lease, including changes in
the assessment to purchase the underlying asset. A corresponding adjustment is also made to the right-of-use
asset. Lease liabilities are remeasured at the Group's incremental borrowing rates at the date of the change,
except where changes in lease payments result from a change in an index or a rate.
1.10. Financial Instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly
attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities, other than financial assets and
financial liabilities at 'fair value through profit or loss' ('FVTPL'), are added to or deducted from the fair value of
the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly
attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at FVTPL are expensed as incurred and
presented within financing activities in the statement of cash flows alongside the financing instruments to
which they relate.
1.10.1. Financial Assets
Financial assets are classified into 'financial assets at amortised cost' and 'financial assets at FVTPL'. The
classification is determined at the time of initial recognition and depends on the Group's business model for
managing the financial assets and whether the contractual cash flows represent solely payments of principal
and interest.
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Financial assets at amortised cost
Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows, where those cash flows represent solely payments
of principal and interest, are measured at amortised cost. Interest income from these financial assets is
included in finance income using the effective interest rate method. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition is
recognised directly in profit or loss and presented in other gains/(losses) together with foreign exchange gains
and losses. Impairment losses are presented as separate line item in the statement of profit or loss. The
Group’s financial assets at amortised cost comprise 'trade and other receivables excluding prepayments' and
'cash and cash equivalents'.
Financial assets at FVTPL
A financial asset is classified in this category if it does not meet the criteria for recognition as a financial asset
at amortised cost. Derivatives are classified in this category unless they are designated as in hedging
relationships. These contracts are marked to market by re-measuring them to fair value at the end of each
reporting period. The resulting gain or loss is recognised in the Income Statement.
Offsetting financial instruments
Financial assets and liabilities are offset, and the net amount reported in the balance sheet, when there is a
legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts, and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or
realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Impairment of financial assets
The Group recognises a loss allowance for expected credit losses ('ECL') on financial assets at amortised cost.
The amount of expected credit losses is updated at each reporting date to reflect changes in credit risk since
initial recognition of the respective financial instrument.
For trade receivables and contract assets, the Group recognises expected credit losses that will result from all
possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument, ('lifetime ECL'). A default on a financial
asset occurs when the counterparty fails to make contractual payments within 180 days of when they fall due.
The Group also assesses on a forward-looking basis the expected credit losses associated with the trade
receivables.
For all other financial instruments, the Group recognises lifetime ECL only when there has been a significant
increase in credit risk since initial recognition. If the credit risk on the financial instrument has not increased
significantly since initial recognition, the Group measures the loss allowance for that financial instrument at an
amount equal to the portion of lifetime ECL that is expected to result from default events on the financial
instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.
In assessing whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial
recognition, the Group compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument at the reporting
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date with the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument at the date of initial recognition. In making
this assessment, the Group considers an actual or expected significant deterioration in the financial
instrument’s external credit rating where available; significant deterioration in external market indicators of
credit risk for a particular financial instrument, e.g. a significant increase in the credit spread or the credit
default swap prices for the debtor; indications that any debtor is experiencing significant financial difficulty,
default or delinquency in payments; an increase in the probability that any debtor will enter bankruptcy, or
other financial reorganisation; and where observable data indicate that there is a measurable decrease in the
estimated future cash flows, such as changes in arrears or economic conditions that correlate with defaults.
1.10.2. Financial Liabilities
Financial liabilities are classified as either ‘financial liabilities at amortised cost’ or 'financial liabilities at FVTPL'.
Financial liabilities are recognised initially on the date at which the Group becomes party to the contractual
provisions of the instrument.
Financial liabilities at amortised cost
The classification of financial liabilities at amortised cost is determined at the time of initial recognition and
depends on the Group's business model for managing the financial liabilities and whether the contractual cash
flows represent solely payments of principal and interest.
Financial liabilities at amortised cost, including borrowings and trade and other payables excluding deferred
income and lease liabilities, are measured using the effective interest method, which calculates the amortised
cost of a financial liability and allocates interest expense over its term. The effective interest rate discounts
estimated cash payments, (including all issuance discounts and transactions costs) through the expected life of
the financial liability, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.
Borrowings, including extensions to existing agreements, are recognised initially at fair value, net of discounts
and transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently carried at amortised cost. Any difference between
the net proceeds and the redemption value is recognised in the Income Statement over the term of the
borrowings using the effective interest method. Interest arising on financial instruments is recognised on an
accruals basis.
In assessing whether a debt alteration is to be treated as a modification or an extinguishment and new
arrangement, an evaluation is made of the qualitative factors such as the underlying parties to the transaction
and quantitative factors such as the impact on the net present value of remaining cash flows. A gain or loss is
recognised immediately in the income statement at the date of the extinguishment of a financial liability.
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Financial liabilities at FVTPL
A financial liability is classified in this category if it does not meet the criteria for recognition as a financial
liability at amortised cost. Derivatives are classified in this category unless they are designated as in hedging
relationships. The Group enters into conventional derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to
foreign exchange rate risks, mostly foreign exchange forward contracts. Further details of derivative financial
instruments are disclosed in Notes 3 and 29. Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value at the date the
derivative contracts are entered into, and are subsequently marked to market by re-measuring to their fair
value at the end of each reporting period. Derivatives designated as hedging instruments are accounted for in
accordance with the hedge accounting policy below.
1.10.3. Derivative instruments and hedge accounting.
The Group enters into derivatives to manage its exposure to foreign currency risk. Derivatives are initially
recognised at their fair value on the date the derivative contract is entered into, and are subsequently
remeasured at their fair value at each balance sheet date.
Prior to March 2020, the Group had net investment hedges. In March 2020 these hedges were all terminated.
From that date, gains and losses which had been accumulated in equity are only released to the Income
Statement when the foreign operation to which they related is partially disposed of or sold.
1.11. Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost, including an appropriate proportion of overheads, and net
realisable value, on the first-in first-out principle. Net realisable value represents the estimated selling price for
inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.
Tooling that is being manufactured for an external customer or supplier is reported as an item of inventory
until complete, and represents the gross amount recoverable from the customer in respect of costs incurred,
less progress payments received.
For productive material, cost is standard cost, and for non-productive material (including consumables) cost is
actual cost. The standard cost of finished goods and work in progress comprises raw materials, direct labour,
other direct costs and related production overheads all at standard, based on normal operating conditions.
Cash discounts, trade discounts and rebates are deducted from the costs of purchase. Other costs are included
only to the extent that they are incurred in bringing inventories to their present location and condition.
Provision is made for slow moving and obsolete inventory.
1.12. Trade and Other Receivables
Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for goods sold or services performed in the ordinary course
of business.
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Trade and other receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost
using the effective interest method. The Group recognises expected credit losses that will result from all
possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument 'lifetime ECL' for all trade and other
receivables.
1.13. Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and call deposits and money market funds with original
maturities of three months or less.
1.14. Share Capital
Ordinary shares of the Company are classified as equity. Costs directly attributable to the issue of ordinary
shares are recognised in equity as a deduction, net of any tax effects from the proceeds.
1.15. Trade and Other Payables
Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of
business from suppliers. Accrued expenses are recognised when ownership of goods or services has been
transferred but not invoiced. Trade and other payables are recognised at amortised cost.
1.16. Provisions
A provision is recognised if, because of a past event, the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation
that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle
the obligation. Provisions are determined by discounting the expected future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that
reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The
unwinding of the discount is recognised as a finance expense. Provisions are not recognised for future
operating losses.
Product warranties
A product warranty provision is recognised when specific events occur with the underlying product. The
provision is based on contractual considerations, historical warranty data and expected outcomes against their
associated probabilities. Specific claims are provided for reflecting management’s best estimates of potential
exposure.
Restructuring
A provision for restructuring is recognised when the Group has approved a detailed and formal restructuring
plan, and the restructuring either has commenced or has been announced publicly.
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Asset retirement obligations
Provisions are recognised for the estimated costs of dismantling and removing PP&E at the end of its
operational life. Provisions for site restoration in respect of contamination and lease dilapidations are made in
accordance with applicable legal requirements.
1.17. Revenue
IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’ establishes a single model to account for revenue arising
from contracts with customers. Revenue in the course of ordinary activities is measured and recognised using
the five-step approach outlined in IFRS 15:
1. Identify the contract with the customer
2. Identify the performance obligations in the contract
3. Determine the transaction price
4. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract
5. Recognise revenue when the entity satisfies the performance obligations
Step 1:
To be recognised as a contract, there must be appropriate approval from both parties and clear identification
of each party’s rights under the agreement. The payment terms should be evident, with collection of
consideration probable.
The Group’s customer arrangements take a variety of forms, with typical contractual frameworks comprising:
master terms and conditions, programme award letters, purchase orders and release orders.
For piece part revenue, volume requirements and mutually enforceable terms are established on the customer
issuance of a release order and therefore this is the relevant accounting unit of contract.
Tooling, prototype and development ('TPD') requirements are typically specified in a purchase order or
equivalent.
Step 2:
The performance obligation within a piece part release order is to manufacture and deliver the specified
volume of requested parts. The performance obligation of a TPD order is to construct or undertake the relevant
tooling and development activities. Where the different obligations are separable, in terms of both capability
and within the contractual documentation, they are accounted for as distinct performance obligations. Further
details regarding the nature of goods and services sold is included in Note 2.
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Step 3:
The fair value of consideration receivable is the transaction price specified in the relevant release order or
purchase order, net of returns, discounts, sales taxes and volume rebates.
For piece part revenue, the price is fixed at the given release order (contract) and does not include any element
of variable consideration.
For TPD revenue, where there is any uncertainty over the amount of consideration that will ultimately be
recognised, the transaction price is constrained until such uncertainty is resolved. Amounts invoiced in excess
of the transaction price will be reflected as pricing accruals or revenue deferrals.
Step 4:
The transaction price established in step 3 is allocated to the distinct performance obligations identified in step
2.
Step 5:
Revenue is recognised on satisfaction of the specified performance obligations, consistent with the passing of
control of the goods and services.
For piece part revenue, control is deemed to have passed at the point in time delivery of the parts specified in
the applicable release order is made.
Where consignment arrangements apply, revenue is only recognised when control of the underlying inventory
has passed to the customer.
For TPD activities, control is deemed to have passed once production part approval process ('PPAP') or start of
production ('SOP') has been achieved, depending on the specific terms of the agreement. Costs incurred up
until this point are recognised as work-in-progress on the balance sheet and reviewed regularly for impairment
should their future recovery become doubtful. Upfront deposits and progress billings are recorded in deferred
revenue, until point of recognition.
Contract Costs
Incremental costs incurred in obtaining a contract are capitalised and amortised over the applicable
programme life, with regular review for impairment.
Other pre-contract costs and costs of fulfilment are expensed as incurred unless future economic benefit is
evident, or if applicable, within the scope of other standards.
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Impairment
Contract assets arise where a performance obligation has been satisfied but amounts due have not been fully
recognised within trade receivables. Contract assets are reviewed for impairment in accordance with IFRS 9
'Financial Instruments'.
1.18 Other Income and Net Foreign Exchange Gains and Losses
Other income includes government grants, gains and losses on disposals of non-current assets, royalty income,
income from insurance claims, other rental income and other miscellaneous items.
Other net foreign exchange gains and losses arise on movements in the fair value of foreign exchange forward
contracts and the revaluation of Group borrowings. A significant portion of the Group’s external borrowings are
denominated in US dollars, and are largely on-lent to subsidiaries in the UK, whose functional currency is the
Euro. The net foreign exchange movement represents the impact of currency movements on such loans, see
Note 3.
1.19 Employee Benefits
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Short-term benefits
Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the
related service is provided. Accrued paid absence such as holiday pay entitlement is charged to the Income
Statement as earned. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid under bonus plans if the
Group has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount because of past service provided by the
employee, and the obligation can be estimated reliably.
Defined contribution plan
Payments to a defined contribution retirement benefit plan are recognised as an expense when employees
have rendered service entitling them to the contributions. A defined contribution plan is a post-employment
benefit plan under which the Group may elect to pay discretionary and fixed contributions to a separate trust
and has no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts in respect of past service.
Defined benefit plan
A defined benefit plan provides an amount of benefit that an employee will receive at a later date, usually
dependent on one or more factors such as age, periods of service and compensation. Defined benefit
arrangements in the Group include funded and unfunded pension plans, post-employment healthcare,
statutory termination indemnities and long-service awards.
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The liability recognised in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit plans is the present value of the
defined benefit obligation ('DBO') at the end of the reporting period less the fair value of plan assets. Where
the fair value of plan assets exceeds the present value of the DBO, an asset is recognised only to the extent of
future economic benefits accruing to the Group either as cash refunds or as a reduction in contributions.
The service cost of providing benefits for funded plans accruing during the year and any past service costs are
charged as an operating expense. The interest cost or credit arising from the unwinding of the discount on the
net actuarial liability or asset is recognised in the Income Statement as finance expense or income. Actuarial
gains and losses are recognised in other comprehensive income in the year in which they arise.
The DBO is calculated annually by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method. The present
value of the DBO is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows using interest rates of high-
quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid, and that have
terms to maturity approximating to the terms of the related benefit obligation.
Defined benefit plans – funded
The Group operates funded pension plans in the US, Canada and UK. The US plans are subject to annual
actuarial review, whilst the others are formally valued at least triennially. Assets are held in trusts and are
separately administered from the Group’s activities. Assets include readily marketable equities, credit and
diversified growth/multi-strategy funds, and qualifying insurance policies, and are valued at fair value. The
Group makes contributions based on actuarial advice sufficient to meet the liabilities of the plans.
Defined benefit plans – unfunded including healthcare
The Group operates unfunded employment benefit plans in certain countries of which the most significant are
post-employment healthcare in the US, a closed arrangement, and pension plans in Germany. Other liabilities
include statutory termination indemnities and long-service awards.
Share-based compensation
The fair value of equity-settled payments to employees is determined at the date of grant using a Monte Carlo
simulation and Black-Scholes option-pricing models. The expense is recognised in the Income Statement on the
straight-line basis over the period that the employees become entitled to the awards. The credit entry relating
to the awards is recorded in equity (Note 10).
The Group reviews the estimate of the number of shares expected to vest at each balance sheet date. The total
amount expensed is determined by reference to the fair value of the options granted, including any market
performance and any non-vesting conditions, and excluding the impact of any service and non-market
performance vesting conditions. Non-market performance and service conditions are included in assumptions
about the number of options that are expected to vest.
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1.20 Income Tax
The tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Income Statement,
except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income and equity.
Current tax
Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable profit or loss for the period, using tax rates
enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of
previous periods.
Uncertain tax positions
The Group operates in many jurisdictions and is subject to tax audits which are often complex and can take
several years to conclude. Therefore, the accrual for current tax includes provisions for uncertain tax positions,
which require estimates for each matter and the exercise of judgement in respect of the interpretation of tax
laws and the likelihood of challenge to historic positions. Management uses in-house tax experts, professional
advisers and previous experience when assessing tax risks. Depending on their nature, estimates of interest
and penalties are included either in interest payable or in tax liabilities. As amounts provided for in any year
could differ from eventual tax liabilities, subsequent adjustments may arise which have a material impact on
the Group’s tax rate and/or cash tax payments.
The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the
reporting date in the countries where the Group operates and generates taxable profits. Management
periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which the applicable tax
regulation is subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts
expected to be paid to the tax authorities.
Deferred tax
Deferred income tax is measured using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted
by the reporting date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the
deferred income tax liability is settled. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary
differences except for goodwill arising in a business combination. Deferred tax assets are recognised for all
deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against
which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised.
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Deferred income tax is provided on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries and associates,
except for deferred income tax liabilities where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is
controlled by the Group and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable
future.
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current
tax assets against current tax liabilities, and when the deferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to
income taxes levied by the same taxation authority, on either the same taxable entity or different taxable
entities, where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.
1.21 Exceptional Items
Exceptional items are defined as those items that, by virtue of their nature, size and expected frequency,
warrant separate additional disclosure in the consolidated financial statements in order to fully understand the
underlying performance of the Group. These may include the costs of closure of locations or income from the
disposal of assets on closure of locations, the costs of significant headcount reductions, costs arising from the
acquisition or disposal of businesses including related contractual management incentive charges, transaction
costs of a significant and non-recurring nature, debt-refinancing costs including early redemption premiums
and the release of unamortised transaction costs following voluntary repayments of borrowings, impairment
charges, and the recognition of previously de-recognised deferred tax assets.
1.22 Deferred Income
Deferred income is recorded when consideration for goods or services provided by the Group is received
before the revenue is recognised.
1.23 Climate Change
The Group assesses the potential impact of climate-related risks based on the Taskforce for Climate-related
Financial Disclosure ('TCFD') recommendations. These cover both transitional risks such as legal, technological,
and market changes, and physical risks including direct damage to assets and supply chain disruption.In
recognition of the importance of climate change, the Group has established an Environmental, Social and
Governance ('ESG') Committee. The Group has published a target to reduce emissions by 37.5% by 2039 and is
implementing initiatives to achieve the same, such as moving from carbon-based fuels to renewable energy
alternatives.
Throughout the Group's medium term planning horizon of five years the impact of achieving the emissions
reduction across both divisions is principally based on different capital expenditure decisions and certain
incremental operating costs. The impact of changes in capital equipment procurement decisions that improve
energy efficiency or reduce water consumption are incorporated into the Group's medium term plan. Budgets
for operational spending are determined taking into account additional costs that may be required for ESG
initiatives, such as increasing the mix of renewable energy within the Group's electricity consumption. Such
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costs will be recognised on an as incurred basis and are also incorporated into the Group's medium term
planning for both divisions.
Impairment testing of non-current assets including goodwill specifically considers the potential impact on
forecast operating cash flows arising from future changes in climate change regimes. Full details of this
assessment are set out in Note 19 where assumptions have been made regarding the volumes, and full
recovery from customers of incremental costs arising on the decarbonisation of supply chains or imposition of
carbon taxes.
In the case of the FTDS division, further transitional risks have been factored into the Group's annual
impairment assessment by modelling the impact of the market's transition to electric powered vehicles in the
period beyond the Group's medium term horizon of five years and the associated impact this may have on the
division's forecast operating cash flows, as estimation uncertainty arises from the rate of such market
transition. Further discussion on the critical accounting estimates and judgements made in the impairment
test can be found in Note 1.4.
The climate-related estimates and assumptions that have been considered to be key areas of judgement or
sources of estimation uncertainty for the year ended 31 December 2022 are those relating to the recoverable
amount of non-current assets including goodwill, non-current assets and recovery of deferred tax assets. These
items are included within the key areas of judgement and key sources of estimation uncertainty summarised
and explained in detail throughout the significant accounting policies.
Items that may be impacted by climate-related risks, but which are not considered to be key areas of
judgements or sources of estimation uncertainty in the current financial year are outlined below:
Deferred tax assets – the recovery of deferred tax assets could be impacted by climate-related matters to the
extent they reduce the Group’s 2023 budget and 2024 to 2027 medium term plan results which is a key input
for the forecast of taxable income.
Useful lives of assets - The useful lives of assets could be reduced by climate-related matters, for example as a
result of physical risks,obsolescence or legal restrictions. The change in useful lives would have a direct impact
on the amount of depreciation or amortisation recognised each year from the date of reassessment. The
Directors' review of useful lives has taken into consideration the impacts of the Group’s decarbonisation
commitments and has not had a material impact on the results for the year.
Inventory valuation - Climate-related matters may affect the value of inventories as they could become
obsolete as a result of a decline in selling prices or a reduction in demand. After consideration of the typical
29
stock-turns of the inventory in relation to the rate of change in the market the Directors consider that inventory
is appropriately valued.
Recoverability of trade receivables and contract assets - The impact of climate-related matters could have an
impact on the Group’s customers in the future, especially those customers in the FTDS business. No material
climate-related issues have arisen during the year that have impacted our assessment of the recoverability of
receivables. Given the maturity time of trade receivables and the majority of contract assets, climate change is
unlikely to have a material increase on counter party credit risk in that time.
Share-based payments - Executive leadership remuneration packages are impacted and measured against a
sustainability metric set by the remuneration committee with input from the ESG Steering Committee that
align with both the Group's electrification strategy and sustainability transition in order to align with interests
of the Group’s wider stakeholders. This could impact the amount and timing of the recognition of the share-
based payment expense in the income statement. This has had no material impact on the 2022 financial
statements.
Defined benefit pension plans - Climate-related risks could affect the financial position of defined benefit
pension plans. As a result, this could have implications on the expected return on plan assets and
measurement of defined benefit liabilities in future years.
2. Segment Reporting
Notes to segment reporting
In accordance with the provisions of IFRS 8 'Operating Segments', the Group’s segment reporting is based on
the management approach with regard to segment identification, under which information regularly provided
to the chief operating decision makers ('CODM') for decision-making purposes forms the basis of the
disclosure. The Company’s CODM is the Chief Executive Officer ('CEO'), Chief Operating Officer and the Chief
Financial Officer. The CODM evaluates the performance of the Company’s segments primarily on the basis of
revenue and Adjusted EBITDA, and Adjusted EBIT, both non-IFRS measures.
Two operating segments have been identified by the Group: Fluid Carrying Systems ('FCS') and Fuel Tank and
Delivery Systems ('FTDS'). Inter-segment revenue is attributable solely to the ordinary business activities of the
respective segment and is conducted on an arm’s-length basis.
Fluid Carrying Systems ('FCS')
FCS products include brake and fuel lines and bundles, thermal management fluid systems (including HEV and
BEV heating and cooling lines), powertrain components and quick-connectors. There is a high degree of vertical
integration from the purchase of raw materials, through tube manufacturing to the assembly of finished
products.
30
Fuel Tank and Delivery Systems ('FTDS')
FTDS products include plastic fuel tanks, filler pipes, pumps and modules and level sensors.
The Group recognises revenue on a point in time basis, when the performance obligation to manufacture and
deliver products has been satisfied and control of the parts has transferred to the customer. Volume
requirements and delivery schedules are communicated using frequent release orders with many customers
utilising electronic delivery interfaces to transmit such information and self-billing processes to manage their
payment obligations. Payment terms are typically between 30 and 60 days from date of invoicing.
Tooling, Prototype and Development ('TPD')
Within both segments, further revenue streams are recognised for distinct TPD services chargeable to a
custom er.
Revenue recognition for such activities occurs at the point in time control of the goods and services is
transferred to the customer. This is typically Production Part Approval Process ('PPAP') or Start of Production
('SOP'), depending on the specific terms of the agreement, as at this point all agreed upon specifications have
been met. Project durations vary depending on the scope and complexity of requirements. Payment terms are
typically 30 to 60 days post-customer acceptance.
Allocation of corporate costs
Corporate costs comprise costs of stewardship of the Group. Costs incurred in administrative services
performed at the corporate level are allocated to divisions in line with utilisation of the services. Where direct
allocation is not possible, costs are allocated based on revenue for the year.
2.1. Revenue, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBIT by Segment:
Restructuring costs of €22.8 million (€15.3 million in FCS and €11.5 million in FTDS) are primarily severance
costs related to the planned headcount reduction and site closures initiated in the prior year.
31
2022
2021
€m
€m
Revenue
– FCS - External
1,869.7
1,603.5
- Inter-segment
67.0
63.1
1936.7
1666.6
– FTDS - External
1,398.6
1,353.1
- Inter-segment
2.8
2.5
1,401.4
1,355.6
Inter-segment elimination
-69.8
-65.6
Total consolidated revenue
3,268.3
2,956.6
Adjusted EBITDA
– FCS
170.4
177.1
– FTDS
162.9
175.8
333.3
352.9
Adjusted EBITDA % of revenue
– FCS
9.1 %
11.0 %
– FTDS
11.6 %
13.0 %
Total
10.2 %
11.9 %
Adjusted EBIT
– FCS
95.0
117.9
– FTDS
85.0
94.7
180.0
212.6
Adjusted EBIT % of revenue
– FCS
5.1 %
7.4 %
– FTDS
6.1 %
7.0 %
Total
5.5 %
7.2 %
32
2.2. Revenue by Origin: Geography & Customer Concentration
2022
2021
€m
€m
Germany
178.4
182.1
Spain
166.7
163.7
Poland
153.1
139.1
Czech Republic
138.0
132.2
Belgium
105.2
90.8
France
98.5
99.5
Turkey
96.9
94.9
United Kingdom
83.9
61.2
Africa
58.0
37.2
Other
128.4
137.7
Europe and Africa
1,207.1
1,138.4
China
673.9
672.4
South Korea
288.6
254.7
Other
151.8
131.0
Asia Pacific
1,114.3
1,058.1
US
603.3
481.4
Mexico
274.0
219.1
Canada
18.5
13.1
North America
895.8
713.6
Latin America
51.1
46.5
Total
3,268.3
2,956.6
Four customers account individually for more than 10% of total revenue and collectively contributed 45.9% of
total revenue across both reporting segments in the year (2021: three customers contributed 34.8%). Revenue
recognised for these customers by segment is as follows:
FCS
FTDS
Total
31 December 2022
€m
€m
€m
Revenue
850.4
647.0
1,497.4
FCS
FTDS
Total
31 December 2021
€m
€m
€m
Revenue
501.9
529.7
1,031.6
2.3. Non-Current Assets
Total non-current assets, other than financial instruments and deferred tax assets, by the location of assets is
as follows:
33
2022
2021
€m
€m
Germany
168.3
124.4
Czech Republic
108.3
87.7
Poland
60.6
100.8
Spain
89.4
71.9
Turkey
27.6
48.3
Belgium
36.3
43.8
United Kingdom
30.7
29.6
Rest of Europe
112.2
117.9
Europe and Africa
633.4
624.4
USA
281.7
277.1
Mexico
72.3
76.4
Rest of North America
8.8
11.0
North America
362.8
364.5
China
166.2
428.6
South Korea
66.9
163.4
Rest of World
32.0
43.7
Total
1,261.3
1,624.6
FCS
FTDS
Total
31 December 2022
€m
€m
€m
Goodwill
328.2
25.7
353.9
Intangible assets
146.3
103.7
250.0
Property, plant and equipment
289.7
241.7
531.4
Right-of-use assets
66.8
38.6
105.4
Non current trade and other receivables
11.2
9.4
20.6
Total
842.2
419.1
1,261.3
FCS
FTDS
Total
31 December 2021
€m
€m
€m
Goodwill
538.2
26.1
564.3
Intangible assets
192.6
127.9
320.5
Property, plant and equipment
360.9
234.5
595.4
Right-of-use assets
76.5
48.7
125.2
Non current trade and other receivables
9.9
9.3
19.2
Total
1,178.1
446.5
1,624.6
34
3. Adjusting Items & Alternative Performance Measures
In addition to the results reported under IFRS, Management use certain non-IFRS financial measures to
monitor and measure the performance of the business and operations and the profitability of the Divisions.
Such measures are also utilised by the Board as targets in determining compensation of certain executives and
key members of management, as well as in communications with investors. In particular, Management use
Adjusted EBIT, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income, and Adjusted Free Cash Flow. These non-IFRS measures
are not recognised measurements of financial performance or liquidity under IFRS, and should be viewed as
supplemental and not replacements or substitutes for any IFRS measures.
Definitions for alternative performance measures are included in the Note 37 glossary.
2022
2021
Adjusted Performance Measures
€m
€m
Adjusted EBIT
180.0
205.7
Adjusted EBITDA
333.3
346.0
Adjusted net income
43.5
51.4
Adjusted free cash flow
78.4
117.3
For adjusted EPS please refer to Note 14.
Management exclude certain items in the derivation of alternative performance measures, as shown below:
Notes
2022
2021
Adjusting Items
€m
€m
Restructuring costs
31
22.8
26.8
Exceptional impairment charge
9
317.4
—
Net foreign exchange losses
4
0.7
—
Costs associated with business acquisitions or disposals
1.8
—
Loss on disposal of associate
20
—
0.4
342.7
27.2
35
Restructuring costs comprise planned headcount reductions and related costs of balancing production capacity
with market requirements.
The exceptional impairment charge relates to the write-down of goodwill, intangible assets, property, plant and
equipment and right-of-use assets, following the outcome of the 2022 annual impairment test. As a significant,
non-recurring item, this charge has been excluded from our alternative performance measures.
Net foreign exchange gains/losses on the foreign currency revaluation of intercompany loan and cash balances
are included in adjusting items to remove the impact of market volatility on our adjusted performance
measures.
Costs associated with business acquisitions or disposals, including the prior year loss on disposal of associate,
have been excluded from the alternative performance measures due to their ad-hoc non-recurring nature.
Reconciliations of adjusted performance measures to their statutory GAAP equivalent measures are provided
below.
Notes
2022
€m
2021
€m
Operating profit
(217.0)
126.8
Depreciation and amortisation arising on purchase accounting
54.3
51.7
Adjusting items
3
342.7
27.2
Adjusted EBIT
180.0
205.7
Depreciation and amortisation on non-purchase accounting
153.3
140.3
Adjusted EBITDA
333.3
346.0
Notes
2022
€m
2021
€m
(Loss)/profit for the year
(279.0)
16.0
Non-controlling interests' share of (loss)/profit
26
(0.1)
(1.7)
Share of loss of associate
20
—
0.9
Exceptional tax credit on impairment charge
9
(20.1)
9.0
Adjusting items
3
342.7
27.2
Adjusted Net Income
43.5
51.4
36
Notes
2022
€m
2021
€m
Net cash generated from operating activities
32
167.5
215.1
Net cash used by investing activities
(116.6)
(103.6)
Free Cash Flow
50.9
111.5
Proceeds from the sale of associate
20
—
(15.5)
Cash received on settlement of derivatives
23
(0.9)
—
Net restructuring cash spend
23.6
21.3
Tax paid on the gain on disposal of associated undertakings
20
3.0
—
Costs associated with business acquisitions or disposals
1.8
—
Adjusted Free Cash Flow
78.4
117.3
4. Financial Risk Management
The Board of Directors and key management have overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of
the Group’s risk management policies, which are established to identify and analyse the risks faced by the
Group, to set appropriate risk limits and controls, and to monitor risks and adherence to limits. Risk
management policies and systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the
Group’s activities.
The Group’s capital structure (comprising of debt (Note 28) and equity (Note 24) is regularly monitored to
safeguard the Group's ability to continue as a going concern and to provide returns for shareholders and value
added benefits for other stakeholders. The overall capital structure of the Group is designed to meet the
strategic objectives of the Company and its shareholders.
The Group tracks compliance with the financial covenant and the negative covenants in all borrowing facilities.
The financial covenant applies only to the revolving credit facility, which is undrawn (other than for letters of
credit). In the event that it is drawn down and the aggregate principal amount of all outstanding revolving
credit facilities exceed 35% of the revolving credit commitments, then a First Lien Net Leverage Ratio of 3.8x
must not be exceeded. At 31 December 2022 the First Lien Net Leverage Ratio was 0.16x (31 December 2021
0.11x). The negative covenants restrict certain additional indebtedness, the granting of liens, and the placing
of investments against specified basket limits. All basket limits allow sufficient headroom to manage current
and expected transactions.
The Group was in full compliance with its financial covenants in respect of its borrowings and committed
facilities throughout each of the years presented. The level of debt is monitored on an actual and projected
basis to ensure continued compliance.
37
The Group has exposure to the following significant risks from its activities:
4.1 Credit Risk
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails
to meet its contractual obligations. The following categories comprise the main credit exposures of the Group:
• trade and other receivables excluding prepayments
• cash and liquid assets
• derivative financial instruments
The credit risk for trade and other receivables excluding prepayments is normally managed by the operating
subsidiaries, by reference to credit rating agencies and historic trading experience with customers. Further
details are available in Note 22.
Cash, which is surplus to normal working capital needs, and any approved capital investments in the operating
subsidiaries, is managed by Group Treasury.
The use of derivative financial instruments is governed by Group policies and managed by Group Treasury. In
most cases, the counterparties are investment grade banks.
Guarantees issued by third parties comprise letters of credit and other bank guarantees, nearly all of which are
of a standby nature. Most of the issuing banks are rated investment grade and these ratings are monitored. If
any of these banks became unable to meet their obligations under a guarantee, it is expected that a similar
guarantee could be issued by another bank or alternative security provided to the beneficiary.
4.2 Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. The
Group’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will have sufficient liquidity to
meet its liabilities when due. The Group has access to various forms of funding and these are considered
sufficient to meet anticipated liquidity requirements. The Directors believe that there is currently no significant
risk that the Group will be unable to fund its planned commitments.
Cash flow forecasts of the Group’s liquidity requirements are monitored regularly to ensure there is sufficient
cash and undrawn committed borrowing facilities to meet operational needs of the Group over the medium
term. Surplus cash generated by the operating entities over and above balances required for normal working
capital and any approved investment is managed by Group Treasury.
The contracted maturity of the Group's financial liabilities are disclosed in Note 29.2.
38
4.3 Market Risk
Market risk, is the risk that changes in market prices, such as foreign exchange rates and interest rates, will
affect the Group’s income, expenditure or the value of its holdings of financial instruments. The Group enters
into derivative contracts, and incurs financial liabilities, in order to manage market risks.
4.3.1 Foreign Currency Risk
The Group is exposed to currency risk on revenue, purchases, investments and borrowings that are
denominated in a currency other than the functional currencies of individual Group entities, which are
primarily Euro, US dollars, Chinese renminbi and Korean won. Where possible, business entities sell in prices
denominated in the same currency as the majority of their costs, to produce a natural hedge. At the reporting
date, the majority of cash and cash equivalents in the Group were denominated in Euro, Chinese renminbi and
US dollars.
Net foreign exchange losses recognised in the year of €0.7 million (2021: €(6.9) million loss) primarily relate to
losses on the Group's unhedged US dollar denominated intercompany borrowings in Euro functional currency
companies.
The Group also uses forward foreign exchange contracts not designated in hedge relationships to manage
foreign currency exposure. The nominal value of these derivatives as at 31 December 2022 was €91.7 million
(31 December 2021: €166.8 million) and the aggregate fair value was a €2.6 million net receivable (31
December 2021: a €0.6 million net receivable).
Sensitivity analysis
The Group’s exposure to a change in exchange rates is insignificant.
4.3.2 Interest Rate Risk
Most of the Group’s interest rate risk arises on its main external borrowing facilities.
The Group borrowings include €600.0 million of unsecured Senior Notes bearing a fixed interest rate of 3.75%
per annum, a US term loan which bears interest at US-dollar three-month LIBOR (minimum 0.5% p.a.) +3.25%
p.a and a Euro term loan which bears interest at three-month EURIBOR (minimum 0.0% p.a.) +3.25% p.a.
The Group also has a revolving credit facility ('RCF') of $225.0 million which was undrawn during the current
and prior year but for which interest would be payable in a range of US dollar LIBOR +3.0% to US dollar LIBOR +
3.75% p.a. (depending on total net leverage ratio). The undrawn fee on this facility is 0.25% due to the total
net leverage ratio being less than or equal to 3.5:1. In the event the total net leverage ratio is greater than
3.5:1, the undrawn fee will increase to 0.375%.
Sensitivity analysis
39
If interest rates had been 100 bps higher or lower with all other variables held constant, the pre-tax profit or
loss on an annual basis would be, respectively, €5.4 million lower or €5.4 million higher.
Transition to alternative benchmark interest rates
The Group monitors the market and the output from various industry groups managing the transition to
alternative benchmark interest rates.
The Group's only significant transition risk arises from the transition from US dollar LIBOR to the Secured
Overnight Financing Rate ('SOFR'),which will apply to the Group's US dollar term loan agreement which incurs
interest at US-dollar three-month LIBOR (minimum 0.5% p.a.) +3.25% p.a. The Group's agreement contains
SOFR transition language, and the transition is due to take place at the latest on 30 June 2023, or earlier at the
joint election of the Company and the lender.
The Group also has plans in place to amend the small number of intercompany loan agreements impacted by
the transition to SOFR, which will be actioned as soon as the new benchmark rate is in place.
The Group's Euro term loan borrowings bear interest post-refinancing at three-month EURIBOR (minimum
0.0%) +3.25% p.a as noted above. EURIBOR has already been subject to a reform and is currently not intended
to be replaced with an alternative rate. The impact of the transition to alternative benchmark rates on the
Group's cash and liquid assets is not expected to be significant. The Group has no derivative arrangements
impacted by the transition, and no changes to the interest rate risk management strategy are currently
anticipated as a result of the transition.
Other financial matters
In its normal course of business, the Group does not offer supplier financing arrangements and has not
engaged any financial provider to provide these services to parties in the supply chain.
5. Revenue
5.1. Geographic analysis: Revenue by origin
2022
2021
€m
€m
Europe and Africa
1,207.1
1,138.4
Asia Pacific
1,114.3
1,058.1
North America
895.8
713.6
Latin America
51.1
46.5
3,268.3
2,956.6
40
5.2. Geographic analysis: Revenue by destination
2022
2021
€m
€m
Europe and Africa
1,207.8
1,127.2
Asia Pacific
1,118.6
1,063.2
North America
873.9
719.2
Latin America
68.0
47.0
3,268.3
2,956.6
5.3. Transaction price allocated to started but incomplete performance obligations
2022
2021
€m
€m
Tooling, prototype and development revenue to be recognised within one year
31.8
47.9
Tooling, prototype and development revenue to be recognised in more than one year
14.7
16.7
46.5
64.6
6. Cost of Sales, Distribution Costs and Administrative Expenses
6.1. Total cost of sales, distribution costs and administrative expenses
2022
2021
€m
€m
Cost of sales
3,038.3
2,626.8
Distribution costs
112.1
93.9
Administrative expenses
336.1
105.8
Total cost of sales, distribution costs and administrative expenses
3,486.5
2,826.5
In 2022 cost of sales and administrative expenses included €100.4 million and €217.0 million, respectively, in
relation to exceptional impairment charges.
41
The nature of costs included in cost of sales, distribution costs and administrative expenses is as follows:
2022
2021
Note
€m
€m
Materials and other operating costs
1,963.5
1,754.4
Personnel costs
7.1
796.2
734.9
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment charges
16/17/18
231.3
192.0
Expense relating to short-term and low value leases
18
7.0
6.1
Utilities
77.9
56.4
Repairs and maintenance
34.2
31.8
Freight inward, including customs duties
60.4
50.9
Exceptional impairment charge
9
317.4
—
Total cost of sales, distribution costs and administrative expenses
3,487.9
2,826.5
Personnel costs include share-based costs (Note 10).
Administrative expenses comprise the costs of the Group’s administration, commercial and finance functions,
along with all other corporate operating costs.
6.2. Research and development expenditure
Research and development expenditure before third-party income, comprised:
2022
2021
Note
€m
€m
Research and development expenses
48.5
40.1
Capitalised development costs
15.2
23.3
27.4
Total research and development expenditure
71.8
67.5
7. Personnel Costs and Numbers
7.1. Personnel costs
2022
2021
Note
€m
€m
Wages and salaries (including employee severance amounts)
654.5
608.8
Social security costs
118.6
109.4
Share-based costs
10
9.6
6.8
Pension and other post-employment costs: defined benefit current
service cost
29.2
7.9
5.9
Pension and other post-employment costs: defined benefit past service
costs and settlement and curtailment (gains)/losses
29.2
0.8
0.1
Pension and other post-employment costs: defined contribution
4.8
3.9
Total personnel costs
796.2
734.9
42
Wages and salaries costs in the year include employee severance amounts totalling €23.8 million (2021: €18.1
million).
7.2. Transactions with Key Management Personnel
Key management personnel comprise the Board of Directors and key officers who report directly to the Chief
Executive Officer. The total number of key management personnel was 15 (2021: 15).
At no time during 2022 or 2021 were any loans to key management personnel made by the Group.
2022
2021
Compensation of key management personnel
€m
€m
Short-term employee benefits
8.9
8.9
Post-employment benefits
0.1
0.1
Share-based costs
4.1
4.1
Total
13.1
13.1
There was €3.0 million of compensation outstanding at 31 December 2022 (2021: €5.2 million). In addition to
salaries, the Group also provides non-cash benefits to key management personnel and contributes to post-
employment pension plans on their behalf.
7.3. Personnel numbers
Average monthly number of people employed by function
2022
2021
Direct production
9,915
12,037
Indirect operational
6,350
7,181
Commercial and administration
1,374
1,510
Total
17,639
20,728
In addition to the above, the Group employed an average of 5,952 agency and other temporary workers during
the year (2021: 3,731) whose costs were included in other operating costs.
8. Directors’ Remuneration
The Directors’ emoluments, fees, payments for service, compensation for cancelled shares under long-term
incentive schemes and pension benefits are disclosed in the Remuneration Report. See page [xxx].
43
9. Exceptional Items
2022
2021
Note
€m
€m
Cost of sales: exceptional expense:
Impairments of intangible assets 16
23.6
—
Impairments of property, plant and equipment
17
58.3
—
Impairments of lease right-of-use assets
18
18.4
—
Cost of sales: exceptional expense
19
100.3
—
Administrative expenses: impairment of goodwill
16, 19
217.1
—
Finance expenses: unamortised transaction costs expensed on voluntary
repayments of borrowings
12, 28.1 —
11.8
Exceptional expense before income tax
317.4
11.8
Income tax credit
13
(20.1)
(2.8)
Exceptional expense after income tax
297.3
9.0
The exceptional impairment charges during the year are detailed further in Note 19. Note 13 contains detail of
the associated income tax impacts.
Exceptional finance expenses in the prior year of €11.8 million relates to the expensing of unamortised
transaction costs following the voluntary repayment and partial extinguishment of the Group's Euro and US
dollar term loans, see Note 28.
10. Share-based Compensation
On 24 October 2017, the TI Fluid Systems plc Long Term Incentive Plan was adopted. Under the plan, awards
are granted annually with a three-year vesting period. Vesting is contingent on the attainment of certain
performance conditions over the three-year performance period as well as the continued service of the award
holder. The performance conditions applicable to awards outstanding as at 31 December 2022 are summarised
in the below tables:
2020 Conditional Share Awards
Tranche
Percentage of award
grant
Performance Condition
Performance Condition
Classification
Cumulative Adjusted Free
Cash flow ('AFC')
80%
Threshold €110 million,
maximum €260 million,
outperformance €285
million
Non-market based
Total Shareholder Return
('TSR')
20%
Rank of the Company’s
total shareholder return
for the performance
period against the FTSE
250
Market based
44
Certain Executive Directors are entitled to bonus shares of up to 133% of their conditional share awards,
subject to achieving an enhanced target in relation to the relevant performance condition.
2021 Conditional Share Awards - Executive Committee
Tranche
Percentage of award
grant
Performance Condition
Performance Condition
Classification
Cumulative Adjusted Free
Cash flow ('AFC')
60%
Threshold €500 million,
maximum €620 million,
outperformance €675
million
Non-market based
Total Shareholder Return
('TSR')
20%
Rank of the Company’s
total shareholder return
for the performance
period against the FTSE
250
Market based
Environmental & Social
('E&S')
20%
Average ISS Environmental
and Social Quality Scores
during the performance
period
Non-market based
2021 Conditional Share Awards - Other
Tranche
Percentage of award
grant
Performance Condition
Performance Condition
Classification
Cumulative Adjusted Free
Cash flow ('AFC')
40%
Threshold €500 million,
maximum €620 million
Non-market based
Environmental & Social
('E&S')
10%
Average ISS Environmental
and Social QualityScores
during the performance
period
Non-market based
Time-based 50%
Continued service
throughout the
performance period
Non-market based
45
2022 Conditional Share Awards - Executive Committee
Tranche
Percentage of award
grant
Performance Condition
Performance Condition
Classification
Return on Capital
Employed ('ROCE')
50%
Threshold 16%, maximum
20%
Non-market based
Total Shareholder Return
('TSR')
25%
Rank of the Company’s
total shareholder return
for the performance
period against Automotive
Peer Group
Market based
Sustainability: C02
Equivalent Emission
Improvement ('CO2')
15%
CO2 Equivalent Emission
Improvement during the
performance period;
Threshold 6.5%, maximum
9.5%
Non-market based
Sustainability: ISS Social
Score ('ISS'")
10%
Average ISS Social Quality
Scores during the
performance period;
Threshold 4, maximum 2
Non-market based
2022 Conditional Share Awards - Other
Tranche
Percentage of award
grant Performance Condition
Performance Condition
Classification
Return on Capital
Employed ('ROCE')
35%
Threshold 16%, maximum
20%
Non-market based
Total Shareholder Return
('TSR')
17.5%
Rank of the Company’s
total shareholder return
for the performance
period against Automotive
Peer Group
Market based
Sustainability: C02
Equivalent Emission
Improvement ('CO2')
10.5%
CO2 Equivalent Emission
Improvement during the
performance period;
Threshold 6.5%, maximum
9.5%
Non-market based
Sustainability: ISS Social
Score ('ISS'")
7%
Average ISS Social Quality
Scores during the
performance period;
Threshold 4, maximum 2
Non-market based
Time-Based 30%
Continued service
throughout the
performance period
Non-market based
Award holders are entitled to a dividend equivalent payment, in respect of their awards, for all ordinary
dividends that are declared and paid between the award date and the settlement date. These may be paid in
cash at the date of vesting, or paid in the form of additional conditional awards, subject to the same conditions
as the original grant.
46
As the awards are settled in shares of the Company, or cash at the discretion of the Company, they are
accounted for as equity settled awards under IFRS 2 and fair valued at date of grant using the Black-Scholes
Option Pricing Model (AFC, E&S, Time-based, ROCE, CO2, and ISS tranches) and Monte Carlo simulation (TSR
tranche). The fair value is recognised in the Income Statement straight line over the vesting period, with the
anticipated number of awards vesting adjusted for management's estimate of forfeiture rate and attainment of
non-market based performance conditions. Achievement of market based performance conditions is reflected
in the initial fair value of the award.
The weighted average fair value of awards granted in the year was €1.75 (2021: €3.02).
The assumptions used for the grants in the year included a weighted average share price of €2.22 for 'Executive
Committee' and €1.84 for 'Other' (2021: €3.33), expected option life of three years (2021: three years),
expected volatility of 48.0% for 'Executive Committee' and 48.6% for 'Other' (2021: 50.0%) and a weighted
average, risk-free interest rate of 1.41% for 'Executive Committee' and 1.47% for 'Other' (2021: 0.14%). Awards
made to Executive Directors are subject to a two-year holding period post vesting, for which the valuations
have been discounted accordingly.
The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company's share price since its admission to
trading on 25 October 2017.
The expected volatility of the comparator companies' share prices and correlation to TIFS is measured over a
three-year period, commensurate with the expected term of the awards.
The risk-free rate of return is based on zero-coupon UK government bond yields corresponding to the expected
term.
As award holders are entitled to dividend equivalent compensation during the vesting period, no dividend yield
assumption is required in the valuation of these awards.
47
The table below provides a reconciliation of awards outstanding:
Number of awards
Outstanding at 1 January 2021
17,949,339
Granted during the year
5,892,871
Vested during the year
(390,037)
Cancelled during the year
(178,601)
Forfeited during the year
(4,862,644)
Outstanding at 31 December 2021
18,410,928
Granted during the year
7,406,928
Vested during the year
(4,358,148)
Forfeited during the year
(5,480,208)
Outstanding at 31 December 2022
15,979,500
The total share-based cost for the year was €10.2 million, including €0.6 million in relation to employers taxes
(2021: €7.2 million and €0.4 million).
11. Other Income
2022
2021
€m
€m
Government grants
1.6
1.5
Insurance claims 0.1
0.3
Royalty income
—
0.1
Losses on disposal of PP&E, intangible assets, and right-of-use assets
(0.3)
(0.6)
Rental income
0.8
0.7
Loss on disposal of associated undertaking (Note 20) —
(0.2)
Other miscellaneous items
(0.3)
1.8
Total other income 1.9
3.6
In the prior year, on 8 December 2021, the Group disposed of its investment in its associated undertaking
realising a loss on disposal before tax of €0.2 million. Refer to Note 20 for further details.
48
12. Finance Income and Expense
2022
2021
Note
€m
€m
Finance income
Interest on short-term deposits, other financial assets and other interest
income
3.9
2.6
Fair value gains on derivatives and foreign exchange contracts not in
hedged relationships
1.8
0.5
Finance income
5.7
3.1
Finance expense
Interest payable on term loans including expensed fees
(28.3)
(33.5)
Interest payable on unsecured senior notes including expensed fees
(23.7)
(16.7)
Net interest expense of retirement benefit obligations
30.2
(2.8)
(2.5)
Net interest expense related to specific uncertain tax positions
(0.1)
(0.6)
Interest payable on lease liabilities
18.3
(9.3)
(9.8)
Utilisation of discount on provisions and other finance expense
(0.3)
—
Finance expense before exceptional items
(64.5)
(63.1)
Unamortised transaction costs expensed on voluntary repayments of
borrowings
9,28.1
—
(11.8)
Exceptional finance expense
9,28.1
—
(11.8)
Finance expense after exceptional items
(64.5)
(74.9)
Total net finance expense after exceptional items
(58.8)
(71.8)
2022
2021
Fees included in interest payable under the effective interest method
Note
€m
€m
Fees included in interest payable on term loans
28
(3.6)
(4.4)
Fees included in interest payable on unsecured senior notes
28
(1.1)
(0.8)
2022
2021
Fees expensed in exceptional finance expense
Note
€m
€m
Fees expensed in respect of term loans
9,28.1
—
(11.8)
Exceptional finance expenses in the prior year of €11.8 million relates to the expensing to the income
statement of unamortised transaction costs following the voluntary repayment and partial extinguishment of
the Group's Euro and US dollar term loans. Refer to Note 28 for the finance expense, and Note 13 for the
income tax impact.
49
13. Income Tax
13.1 Income Tax (Expense)/Credit
2022
2021
€m €m
Current tax on profit for the year
(66.0)
(68.1)
Exceptional - Current Tax Impact of US Refinancing Costs
—
1.8
Adjustments in respect of prior years
8.6
2.7
Total current tax expense
(57.4)
(63.6)
Origination and reversal of temporary deferred tax differences
34.0
24.5
Exceptional - Deferred Tax Impact of US Refinancing Charge
—
1.0
Exceptional - Deferred Tax Impact of Impairment Charge
20.1
—
Total deferred tax benefit
54.1
25.5
Income tax (expense)/benefit - Income Statement
(3.3)
(38.1)
Origination and reversal of temporary deferred tax differences
(6.9)
(6.8)
Income tax (expense)/benefit - Statement of Comprehensive Income
(6.9)
(6.8)
Total income tax (expense)/benefit
(10.2)
(44.9)
For 2022, the Group is reporting an exceptional impairment charge of €317.4 million with a deferred tax
benefit of €20.1 million which results in an exceptional effective tax rate of 6.3%. The low exceptional effective
tax rate is due to the fact that the majority of the impairment is related to goodwill that does not carry a
deferred tax balance and therefore this portion of the impairment is not tax effected.
For 2021, the Group is reporting an exceptional US refinancing charge of €11.8 million with a corporate tax
benefit of €1.8 million and a deferred tax benefit of €1.0 million which results in an exceptional effective tax
rate of 23.7% (the US 2021 effective tax rate).
The table below analyses the constituent elements of the Group income tax charge separately identifying the
tax charges recognised in respect of entities that ordinarily pay tax or where the recognition of deferred tax
assets is appropriate, the impact of entities where the level of tax losses limits the payment of tax or restricts
the deferred tax recognition in respect of the losses, the impact of withholding taxes suffered in the Group, tax
charges recognised in respect of unremitted overseas distributable reserves and the impact of purchase
accounting adjustments.
50
2022
2021
Profit
before tax
Tax charge
Profit
before tax
Tax charge
€m
€m
€m
€m
Results excluding exceptional items
41.7
(23.4)
65.9
(40.9)
Adjustments:
Disposal of associated undertaking impact
—
—
0.2
3.1
Share of associate losses
—
—
0.9
—
41.7
(23.4)
67.0
(37.8)
Analysed as:
Tax charges (including deferred tax assets) recognised
160.4
(27.1)
166.7
(43.8)
Tax losses where no deferred tax assets recognised
(64.4)
(1.5)
(46.9)
(0.3)
Withholding tax and tax on unremitted distributable reserves —
(8.3)
—
(6.1)
Annual amortisation and depreciation of assets with historic
purchase price accounting adjustments
(54.3)
13.5
(52.8)
12.4
41.7
(23.4)
67.0
(37.8)
The tax charge of €(27.1) million for 2022 in the category analysed as "Tax charges (including deferred tax
assets) recognised" includes a material one-time tax benefit related to the establishment of prior period
deferred tax assets in certain territories in which the forecasts demonstrate several years of continued future
profitability and has consistent expectations of future financial performance.
The tax charge of €(1.5) million for 2022 and (0.3) million for 2021 in the category analysed as "Tax losses
where no deferred tax asset is recognised" is mainly related to the initial write-off of deferred tax assets in
which forecasts have demonstrated that deferred tax assets will not be utilized in future periods due to
projected losses in certain territories.
51
The tax on the Group's profit before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the UK
statutory tax rate applicable to profits of the consolidated entities as follows:
2022
2021
Before
exceptiona
l item
Exceptiona
l item
After
exceptiona
l item
Before
exceptional
item
Exceptional
item
After
exceptional
item
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
Profit/(loss) before income tax
41.7
(317.4)
(275.7)
65.9
(11.8)
54.1
Income tax calculated at UK
statutory tax rate of 19% (2021: 19%)
applicable to profits in respective
countries
(7.9)
60.3
52.4
(12.5)
2.2
(10.3)
Tax effects of:
—
Overseas tax rates (excluding
associates)
(3.6)
3.0
(0.6)
(5.9)
0.6
(5.3)
Income not subject to tax
9.9
—
9.9
7.1
—
7.1
Expenses not deductible for tax
purposes - other & UK non-
deductible interest/expenses
(17.1)
—
(17.1)
(16.6)
—
(16.6)
Expenses not deductible for tax
purposes - goodwill impairment
—
(41.2)
(41.2)
—
—
—
Temporary differences on
unremitted earnings
0.2
—
0.2
0.6
—
0.6
Specific tax provisions
(3.6)
—
(3.6)
(2.9)
—
(2.9)
Unrecognised deferred tax assets
(9.1)
(2.0)
(11.1)
(7.1)
—
(7.1)
Other taxes
(10.1)
—
(10.1)
(10.7)
—
(10.7)
Adjustment in respect of prior years -
current tax adjustments
8.6
—
8.6
2.7
—
2.7
Adjustment in respect of prior years -
deferred tax adjustments
6.4
—
6.4
(0.3)
—
(0.3)
Impact of changes in tax rate
(0.4)
—
(0.4)
1.5
—
1.5
Double Tax Relief and Other Tax
Credits
3.3
—
3.3
3.2
—
3.2
Income tax (expense)/benefit -
Income Statement
(23.4)
20.1
(3.3)
(40.9)
2.8
(38.1)
Deferred tax expense on re-
measurement of retirement benefit
obligations
(6.9)
—
(6.9)
(6.8)
—
(6.8)
Income tax expense Statement of
Comprehensive Income
(6.9)
—
(6.9)
(6.8)
—
(6.8)
Total tax (expense)/benefit
(30.3)
20.1
(10.2)
(47.7)
2.8
(44.9)
Other taxes comprised various local taxes of €1.7 million (2021: €2.2 million) together with taxes withheld on
dividend, interest and royalty remittances totalling €8.4 million (2021: €8.5 million).
For 2022, the Group is reporting an exceptional impairment charge of €317.4 million with a deferred tax
benefit of €20.1 million The majority of the impairment is related to goodwill that does not carry a deferred
52
tax balance and therefore this portion of the impairment is not tax effected and results in a material
unfavourable permanent tax adjustment.
Factors that may affect future tax charges include the continued non-recognition of deferred tax assets in
certain territories as well as the existence of tax losses in certain territories which could be available to offset
future taxable income in certain territories and for which no deferred tax asset is currently recognised.
13.2 Current Income Tax Assets and Liabilities
2022
2021
€m
€m
Current income tax assets
7.9
11.4
Current income tax liabilities
(44.5)
(49.9)
Net current income tax liabilities
(36.6)
(38.5)
Uncertain tax positions
The Group maintains a provision for uncertain tax positions. As at 31 December 2022 the balance was €32.6
million (2021 €36.0 million). The Group is aware of an increase in global tax audit scrutiny and therefore
continues to closely monitor tax uncertainties in all geographic regions. As each uncertain tax provision is
considered more likely than not to materialise, settlement of the issues that have been provided should not
result in a material impact to the effective tax rate.
However, In the event that a favourable conclusion is reached on an uncertain tax position, release of the
provision would have a favourable impact on the Group’s effective tax rate. In the event that a conclusion is
reached that exceeds the amount provided for an uncertain tax position, there would be an unfavourable
impact on the Group's effective tax rate. It is possible that certain tax issues related to the remaining uncertain
tax provisions could settle within the next twelve months although the timing of any settlements are not
certain.
13.3 Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
2022
2021
€m
€m
Deferred tax assets
105.2
70.5
Deferred tax liabilities
(80.7)
(95.8)
Net deferred tax liabilities
24.5
(25.3)
The total deferred tax asset balance as at 31 December 2022 is €105.2 million. It is expected that €32.8 million
of the deferred tax asset will be recovered within the next twelve months and the remaining €72.4 million of
the deferred tax asset will be recovered after twelve months.
The total deferred tax liability balance as at 31 December 2022 is €80.7 million. It is expected that €14.8
million of the deferred tax liability will be settled within the next twelve months and the remaining €65.9
million of the deferred tax liability will be settled after twelve months.
53
13.3.1. Movement on Net Deferred Tax Liabilities
2022
2021
€m
€m
At 1 January
(25.3)
(41.9)
Income statement benefit/(expense)
34.0
24.5
Exceptional income statement benefit - tax impact of impairment charge
20.1
—
Exceptional income statement benefit - tax impact of US refinancing charge
—
1.0
Tax on remeasurement of retirement benefit obligations
(6.9)
(6.8)
Transfer of uncertain tax position balance from deferred tax to current tax
2.0
0.6
Currency translation
0.6
(2.7)
At 31 December
24.5
(25.3)
Recognition of deferred tax assets is based on forecast taxable income and a key input is the Group’s 2023
budget and 2024 to 2027 medium term plan. Estimation is used in the budget and plan in forecasting global
automotive production, pricing and operating costs. In addition, it requires the exercise of Management’s
judgement regarding the period over which recoverability is assessed taking into account factors such as
regulations regarding the amount of tax losses that can be utilised per year and any restrictions on the amount
of time that tax losses can be carried forward.
Typically losses are anticipated to be utilised against profits arising within a period not exceeding fifteen years.
In some cases tax regulations place significant restrictions on the amount of losses that can be used in any year
and in these cases a longer time period may be utilised. The value of deferred tax assets relating to utilisation
of profits in excess of a fifteen year period is approximately €6 million.
The aggregate amount of tax liabilities not recognised with respect to temporary differences associated with
investment in subsidiaries, branches and associates, and interests in joint ventures is nil.
13.3.2. Gross Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The analysis of deferred tax assets and liabilities below represents gross amounts before netting of deferred tax
assets and liabilities in certain tax jurisdictions as reflected in the table in 13.3 above.
54
Gross deferred tax
assets and
Assets
Liabilities
Total
Provisi
on for
pensio
ns and
emplo
yee
benefit
s
Deferr
ed
interes
t
deduct
ions
Tax
losses
Tax
credits
Other
specifi
c
provisi
ons
Excess
deprec
iation
on
fixed
assets
and
goodw
ill
Develo
pment
intangi
bles
Acquisi
tion
related
intangi
ble
assets
Loan
fees
Unrem
itted
earnin
gs
liabilities
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
At 1 January 2021
39.2
1.3
17.1
17.7
13.4
(28.3)
(17.5)
(57.0)
(1.5)
(26.3)
(41.9)
Included in the
Income Statement
(3.1)
0.8
8.7
0.2
0.8
3.3
1.1
9.9
0.4
2.4
24.5
Exceptional income
statement benefit -
tax impact of
impairment charge
—
—
—
1.0
1.0
Included in other
comprehensive
income
(6.8)
—
(6.8)
Transfer of uncertain
tax position balance
from current tax to
deferred tax
0.6
—
0.6
Currency translation
differences
1.6
0.1
—
0.3
0.9
(2.2)
(0.6)
(2.9)
(0.1)
0.2
(2.7)
At 31 December 2021
30.9
2.2
25.8
18.8
15.1
(27.2)
(17.0)
(50.0)
(0.2)
(23.7)
(25.3)
Included in the
Income Statement
0.4
(0.5)
26.0
(5.9)
(5.6)
7.3
0.9
11.1
0.2
0.1
34.0
Exceptional income
statement benefit -
tax impact of
impairment charge
17.3
2.8
20.1
Included in other
comprehensive
income (6.9)
(6.9)
Transfer of uncertain
tax position balance
from deferred tax to
current tax
1.0
1.0
2.0
Currency translation
differences 1.3
0.1
(0.5)
0.8
0.7
(1.5)
(0.1)
(1.1)
—
0.9
0.6
At 31 December 2022
25.7
1.8
51.3
14.7
11.2
(4.1)
(16.2)
(37.2)
—
(22.7)
24.5
13.4. Unrecognised Deferred Tax Assets
Deferred income tax assets are recognised for deductible temporary differences, tax credits and tax losses
carried forward to the extent that the realisation of the related tax benefit through future taxable profits is
probable. At 31 December 2022 the Group did not recognise deferred income tax assets (net of specific tax
provisions) of €221.4 million (2021: €215.2 million). This is principally represented by gross tax losses in
respect of which no deferred income tax asset was recognised (before the netting of specific provisions)
amounting to €687.2 million (2021: €673.9 million) that can be carried forward against future taxable income.
All material tax losses referred to above can be carried forward without time limitation.
55
14. Earnings Per Share
14.1. Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share
2022
2021
Profit
attributable to
shareholders
(€m)
Weighted
average
number of
shares
(in millions)
Earnings Per
Share
(€, cents)
Profit
attributable
to
shareholders
(€m)
Weighted
average
number of
shares
(in millions)
Earnings Per
Share
(€, cents)
Basic
(279.1)
513.1
(54.39)
14.3
519.1
2.76
Dilutive potential
ordinary shares
—
11.8
—
—
5.5
—
Diluted
(279.1)
524.9
(54.39)
14.3
524.6
2.73
In 2022, the dilutive shares attributable to long-term incentives were antidilutive in respect of statutory Loss
Per Share. However, these were dilutive in Adjusted Earnings Per Share as shown in note 14.2.
Potential ordinary shares are only treated as dilutive when their conversion to ordinary shares would decrease
earnings per share, or increase loss per share, from continuing operations.
For the purposes of calculating diluted and diluted Adjusted EPS, the weighted average number of ordinary
shares is adjusted to include the weighted number of ordinary shares that would be issued on the conversion
of all potential ordinary shares expected to vest, which relate to the Group's long-term incentive plans.
14.2. Adjusted Earnings Per Share
2022
2021
Basic
Diluted
Basic
Diluted
Adjusted Net Income (€m)
43.5
43.5
58.3
58.3
Weighted average number of shares (in millions)
513.1
524.9
519.1
524.6
Adjusted Earnings Per Share (€, in cents)
8.48
8.29
11.23
11.11
Adjusted Net Income is based on loss for the year attributable to shareholders of €279.1 million (2021: €14.3
million profit), after adding back exceptional items net of tax, associate dividends received and eliminating the
impact of net restructuring charges, foreign exchange gains or losses, and the impact of any business
acquisitions or disposals, totalling €322.6 million (2021: €44.0 million). These different profit measures are
fully reconciled in note 3.
56
15. Dividends
The following dividends were declared and paid by the Group:
2022
2021
€m
€m
Amounts recognised as distributions to equity holders in the year:
Final dividend for the year-ended 31 December 2021 of 1.46 Euro cents per share 7.5
—
One-off interim dividend of 6.74 Euro cents per share
—
35.0
Interim dividend for the year-ended 31 December 2022 of 1.00 Euro cents per
share (2021: 1.93 Euro cents per share)
5.1
10.0
Total dividend
12.6
45.0
On 25 January 2021, the Group announced a one-off interim dividend of €35.0 million at 6.74 Euro cents per
share, which was paid on 19 February 2021. This dividend is not considered part of the Group's annual
dividend cycle for the year ended 31 December 2021.
On 9 August 2022, the Group announced an interim dividend for the year-ended 31 December 2022 of €5.1
million (2021: €10.0 million) at 1.00 Euro cents per share (2021: 1.93 Euro cents per share), which was paid on
16 September 2022.
On 15 March 2022, the Group announced a final dividend of €7.5 million at 1.46 Euro cents per share, which
was paid on 23 June 2022.
The Board has decided to recommend a final dividend of [1.54] Euro cents per share amounting to €[7.9]
million. Subject to shareholder approval at the Annual General Meeting on 17 May 2023, the final dividend will
be paid on 23 June 2023 to those on the register on 26 May 2023, the Dividend Record Date, and will be
converted to Sterling at a fixed rate on the same date. The proposed liability has not been recorded as a
liability at the balance sheet date in accordance with IAS 10 'Events after the reporting period'.
16. Intangible Assets
2022
2021
€m €m
Goodwill
353.9
564.3
Capitalised development expenses, computer software and licences, technology and
customer platforms 250.0
320.5
Total intangible assets
603.9
884.8
57
16.1. Goodwill
Goodwill is deemed to have an indefinite useful life. It is carried at cost and reviewed annually for impairment.
€m
Cost at 1 January 2022
747.6
Currency translation
11.4
Cost at 31 December 2022
759.0
Accumulated impairment at 1 January 2022
(183.3)
Impairment - exceptional charge
(217.1)
Currency translation (4.7)
Accumulated impairment at 31 December 2022
(405.1)
Net book value at 31 December 2022
353.9
€m
Cost at 1 January 2021
714.2
Currency translation
33.4
Cost at 31 December 2021
747.6
Accumulated impairment at 1 January 2021
(178.3)
Currency translation (5.0)
Accumulated impairment at 31 December 2021
(183.3)
Net book value at 31 December 2021
564.3
16.2. Capitalised Development Expenses, Computer Software and Licences, Technology and Customer
Platforms
Intangible assets are amortised over their useful economic life, which range from three to 25 years.
Capitalised
development
expenses
Computer
software
and
licences
Technology
Customer
platforms*
Total
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
Cost at 1 January 2022
267.2
24.9
137.8
481.9
911.8
Accumulated amortisation
(161.0)
(15.4)
(132.6)
(282.3)
(591.3)
Net book value at 1 January 2022
106.2
9.5
5.2
199.6
320.5
Additions
23.3
1.0
—
—
24.3
Disposals
(1.8)
—
—
—
(1.8)
Amortisation charge
(26.2)
(4.3)
(2.0)
(42.6)
(75.1)
Impairments - exceptional charge
(11.1)
(0.6)
—
(11.9)
(23.6)
Currency translation
1.0
0.2
0.3
4.2
5.7
Net book value at 31 December 2022
91.4
5.8
3.5
149.3
250.0
Cost at 31 December 2022
270.5
25.7
138.5
492.2
926.9
Accumulated amortisation
(179.1)
(19.9)
(135.0)
(342.9)
(676.9)
Net book value at 31 December 2022
91.4
5.8
3.5
149.3
250.0
*Customer platforms includes intangible assets relating to: customer platforms, aftermarket customer
relationships, trade names and trademarks.
58
Capitalised
development
expenses
Computer
software
and
licences
Technology
Customer
platforms
Total
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
Cost at 1 January 2021
254.4
23.3
126.7
455.2
859.6
Accumulated amortisation
(151.5)
(12.7)
(119.8)
(227.7)
(511.7)
Net book value at 1 January 2021
102.9
10.6
6.9
227.5
347.9
Additions
27.4
1.8
—
—
29.2
Disposals
(0.5)
—
—
—
(0.5)
Amortisation charge
(25.7)
(3.4)
(2.1)
(39.0)
(70.2)
Currency translation
2.1
0.5
0.4
11.1
14.1
Net book value at 31 December 2021
106.2
9.5
5.2
199.6
320.5
Cost at 31 December 2020
267.2
24.9
137.8
481.9
911.8
Accumulated amortisation
(161.0)
(15.4)
(132.6)
(282.3)
(591.3)
Net book value at 31 December 2021
106.2
9.5
5.2
199.6
320.5
The above amortisation charges for 'technology' and 'customer platforms' amounting to €44.7 million (2021:
€41.1 million) arise from intangible assets recognised through purchase price accounting. Amortisation charges
are included within cost of sales.
As at 31 December 2022, goodwill of €353.9 million (2021: €564.3 million), technology of €3.5 million (2021:
€5.2 million) and customer platforms of €149.3 million (2021: €199.6 million) relate to assets that arose from
purchase price allocations following historic acquisitions.
16.3. Impairment test
At 31 December 2022, management performed its annual impairment test in accordance with IAS 36
Impairment of Assets. As a result, goodwill was impaired €217.1 million (2021: €nil) and other intangibles were
impaired by €23.6 million (2021: €nil). Further details can be found in note 19.
59
17. Property, Plant and Equipment
17.1 Movements in Property, Plant and Equipment
Land and
buildings
Plant,
machinery
and
equipment
Assets
in the
course of
construction
Total
€m
€m
€m
€m
Cost
169.7
875.9
66.8
1,112.4
Accumulated depreciation
(46.0)
(460.5)
(10.5)
(517.0)
Net book value at 1 January 2022
123.7
415.4
56.3
595.4
Additions
0.5
5.5
88.1
94.1
Disposals
—
(4.9)
—
(4.9)
Impairments - other charges
—
(1.0)
—
(1.0)
Impairments - exceptional items
(6.4)
(52.0)
—
(58.4)
Transfers between categories
3.7
46.4
(50.1)
—
Depreciation charge
(6.7)
(93.7)
—
(100.4)
Currency translation
1.2
4.6
0.8
6.6
Net book value 31 December 2022
116.0
320.3
95.1
531.4
Cost
183.4
946.3
95.1
1,224.8
Accumulated depreciation
(67.4)
(626.0)
—
(693.4)
Net book value at 31 December 2022
116.0
320.3
95.1
531.4
Included in land and buildings is a property (cost: €1.3 million, net book value: €0.7 million) that is let to an
external party. The fair value of this property at 31 December 2022 is €4.1 million (2021: €3.5 million). As at the
year end, the property is in the process of being sold.
As at 31 December 2022, land and buildings of €48.1 million (2021: €49.0 million) and plant, machinery and
equipment of €3.0 million (2021: €14.3 million) relate to asset valuations that arose from purchase price
allocations following historic acquisitions.
Land and
buildings
Plant,
machinery
and
equipment
Assets
in the
course of
construction
Total
€m
€m
€m
€m
Cost
162.2
792.8
76.1
1,031.1
Accumulated depreciation
(37.7)
(392.1)
(10.5)
(440.3)
Net book value at 1 January 2021
124.5
400.7
65.6
590.8
Additions
0.9
9.2
77.6
87.7
Disposals
0.5
6.9
(11.1)
(3.7)
Impairments - other charges
—
(1.9)
—
(1.9)
Transfers between categories
2.0
75.2
(77.2)
—
Depreciation charge
(4.9)
(85.2)
—
(90.1)
Currency translation
0.7
10.5
1.4
12.6
Net book value at 31 December 2021
123.7
415.4
56.3
595.4
Cost
169.7
875.9
66.8
1,112.4
Accumulated depreciation
(46.0)
(460.5)
(10.5)
(517.0)
Net book value at 31 December 2021
123.7
415.4
56.3
595.4
60
17.2 Depreciation Charge
The above depreciation charge includes €10.3 million from 'plant, machinery and equipment' and €0.7 million
from 'land and buildings' in relation to the fair value uplift arising from purchase price accounting (2021: €10.8
million).
The total depreciation charge is analysed below:
2022
2021
€m
€m
Cost of Sales
99.7
89.0
Distribution costs
—
—
Administrative expenses
0.7
1.1
Total depreciation charge
100.4
90.1
18. Leases
18.1 Leasing Activities
The Group as Lessee
The Group leases various manufacturing facilities, offices, plant and machinery and cars. Rental contracts are
typically made for fixed initial periods of one to ten years for manufacturing facilities and offices, and two to
five years for plant and machinery, and cars. Many agreements also have extension options, as described
below, and contain a range of terms and conditions. The lease agreements do not impose any covenants, but
leased assets may not be used as security for borrowing purposes.
The Group as lessor
Property that is surplus to the Group’s requirements may be sub-let to third parties. The future aggregate
minimum rentals receivable under non-cancellable operating leases at 31 December 2022 was €0.2 million
(2021: €0.4 million). During the year, a total of €0.8 million of rental income was recognised in the Income
Statement (2021: €0.7 million).
18.2 Amounts recognised in the Balance Sheet
The balance sheet shows the following amounts relating to the group's activities as a a lessee:
2022
2021
€m
€m
Right-of-Use Assets
105.3
125.2
Non-current liabilities
Lease Liabilities
117.8
119.8
Current liabilities
Lease Liabilities
27.8
30.1
Total Lease Liabilities
145.6
149.9
61
18.2.1 Right-of-Use Assets
Movements in right-of-use assets in the year are disclosed below:
Land and
buildings
Plant,
machinery
and
equipment
Total
€m
€m
€m
At 1 January 2022
115.6
9.6
125.2
Additions
33.9
4.7
38.6
Disposals
(13.3)
—
(13.3)
Remeasurements 1.3
—
1.3
Impairments - exceptional
(16.0)
(2.4)
(18.4)
Impairments - other charges
(0.4)
—
(0.4)
Depreciation charge
(25.2)
(5.5)
(30.7)
Currency translation
2.7
0.3
3.0
Net book value at 31 December 2022
98.6
6.7
105.3
Cost
197.6
19.8
217.4
Accumulated depreciation
(99.0)
(13.1)
(112.1)
Net book value at 31 December 2022
98.6
6.7
105.3
The above depreciation charge includes a €0.2 million credit (2021: €0.3 million credit) in 'land and buildings'
in relation to the fair value uplift arising from purchase price accounting.
As at 31 December 2022, land and buildings of €0.1 million (2021: €0.3 million) relate to asset valuations that
arose from purchase price allocations following historic acquisitions.
Land and
buildings
Plant,
machinery
and
equipment
Total
€m
€m
€m
At 1 January 2021
116.3
8.6
124.9
Additions
12.2
5.9
18.1
Disposals
(1.4)
—
(1.4)
Remeasurements
7.7
0.9
8.6
Impairments
(0.1)
—
(0.1)
Depreciation charge
(23.9)
(5.8)
(29.7)
Currency translation
4.8
—
4.8
Net book value at 31 December 2021
115.6
9.6
125.2
Cost
197.6
20.1
217.7
Accumulated depreciation
(82.0)
(10.5)
(92.5)
Net book value at 31 December 2021
115.6
9.6
125.2
62
18.2.2 Lease liabilities
Movements in lease liabilities in the year are disclosed below:
2022
2021
Note
€m
€m
At 1 January
149.9
151.0
Additions
28.6
38.6
18.1
Disposals
(14.3)
(1.4)
Remeasurements
1.3
8.5
Accrued interest
12
9.3
9.8
Repayments
(42.2)
(41.4)
Currency translation
3.0
5.3
At 31 December
145.6
149.9
Non-current
117.8
119.8
Current
27.8
30.1
At 31 December
145.6
149.9
Extension options (or periods after termination options) are only included for valuation purposes in the lease
term if the lease is reasonably certain to be extended (or not terminated). Potential future cash outflows of
€56.9 million (2021: €54.6 million) have not been included in the lease liability because it is not reasonably
certain that the leases will be extended (or not terminated).
The Group is also committed to €29.9 million of future lease payments, not yet commenced as at 31 December
2022 (2021: €2.0 million). This includes €26.2 million in relation to E-Mobility Innovation Centres (e-MIC).
The range of incremental borrowing rates applied to lease liabilities in the year by region was:
2022
2021
Range
Range
Europe and Africa
3.2% - 25.9%
3.3% - 23.2%
North America
3.4% - 14.7%
3.4% - 12.6%
Asia Pacific
3.9% - 11.2%
3.5% - 12.5%
Latin America
7.6% - 47.9%
7.6% - 47.9%
The weighted average incremental borrowing rate applied to the lease liabilities at 31 December 2022 is 6.7%
(2021: 6.9%). The Group believes that any reasonably possible change in the weighted average incremental
borrowing rate would not cause the carrying value of lease liabilities or the lease interest payable charged to
the income statement to be materially different.
63
The maturity of lease liabilities is:
Total
minimum
lease
payments
Interest
Principal
€m
€m
€m
Less than one year
40.6
12.8
27.8
Between one and three years
58.5
18.4
40.1
Between three and five years
36.0
8.1
27.9
Over five years
60.1
10.3
49.8
Total at 31 December 2022
195.2
49.6
145.6
Total
minimum
lease
payments Interest Principal
€m
€m
€m
Less than one year
38.7
8.6
30.1
Between one and three years
53.3
12.4
40.9
Between three and five years
38.6
9.5
29.1
Over five years
55.9
6.1
49.8
Total at 31 December 2021
186.5
36.6
149.9
The currency denomination of lease liabilities is:
2022
2021
€m
€m
US dollar
59.4
51.4
Euro
55.3
63.3
Chinese renminbi
18.4
18.2
Other
12.5
17.0
Total lease liabilities
145.6
149.9
64
18.3 Amounts recognised in the income and cash flow statements
The income statement includes the following amounts relating to leases:
2022
2021
Expense/(income)
Note
€m
€m
Depreciation charge of right-of-use assets
30.7
29.7
Exceptional Impairment charge of right-of-use assets 9, 19 18.4
—
Impairment charge of right-of-use assets
0.4
0.1
Interest payable on lease liabilities
12
9.3
9.8
Expense relating to short-term and low value leases
6.1
7.0
6.1
Rental income as lessor
11
(0.8)
(0.7)
The total depreciation charge on right-of-use assets in 2022 and 2021 is all reported in cost of sales.
The statement of cash flows includes the following amounts relating to the group's activities as a a lessee:
2022
2021
€m
€m
Cash paid for short-term and low value leases reported within cash generated from
operations
7.0
6.1
Interest paid on lease liabilities reported within interest paid
9.3
9.8
Lease principal repayments reported separately in cash flows from financing activities
32.9
31.6
Total cash outflow as a lessee
49.2
47.5
19
. Impairments
19.1. Impairment Tests for Goodwill and Intangibles
As part of the Bain Capital acquisition, the purchase of TIFS Holdings Ltd ('TIFSHL') on 30 June 2015, being the
previous Parent Company of the Group, and the consequent fair valuation of assets and liabilities, resulted in
total goodwill recognition of €711.1 million and intangibles of €663.2 million. The purchase of Millennium
Industries Corporation on 16 February 2016 resulted in total goodwill recognition of €57.1 million and
intangibles of €72.6 million, included in the FCS-NA CGU in North America.
The intangible assets recognised from acquisitions, as outlined above, included €369.7 million and €57.1
million in relation to customer platforms arising on the Bain and Millennium acquisitions respectively. These
assets reflect the future revenue expected to arise from customer platforms existing at the date of acquisition,
based on platform lives and probabilities of renewals.
65
During 2020 an impairment of €304.6 million was recognised due to volume deterioration driven by the COVID-
19 pandemic, with €184.2 million allocated to goodwill and the remaining €120.4 million apportioned across
other assets on a pro rata basis.
At 31 December 2022, management performed its annual impairment test, and review of potential reversals of
previous impairments.
The impairment test for goodwill and intangible assets is conducted at a CGU level, which the Group defines as
the intersection between the two operating segments, FCS and FTDS, and the geographic sub-divisions, North
America ('NA'), Europe ('EU'), Asia Pacific ('AP') and Latin America ('LA').
As observed in external forecasts (IHS Markit), declining volume projections persist for light vehicle production,
driven by reduced production expectations of internal combustion engine ("ICE") light vehicles exceeding the
growth of BEV platform production. Supply chain disruptions also remain, with chip shortage pressure,
restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in China, and also impact due to the ongoing war in
Ukraine. Significant inflationary pressures on input prices and energy costs, and the ability to pass these on to
customers, continues to impact our business.
The results of the 2022 impairment test indicated that the carrying values of CGU assets were higher than their
recoverable amounts for four of the CGUs, resulting in the following impairments being recognised at 31
December 2022:
Recoverable amount
€m
Impairment of
goodwill
€m
Impairment of other
CGU assets
€m
Total exceptional
impairment charge
€m
FCS-NA
309.3
76.4
—
76.4
FCS-EU
159.0
140.7
78.4
219.1
FCS-LA
—
—
1.8
1.8
FTDS-EU
285.8
—
20.1
20.1
785.1
217.1
100.3
317.4
The 'other CGU asset' impairments of €100.3 million were apportioned across the respective CGU asset
categories on a pro rata basis resulting in the following asset class allocation:
2022
impairment
charge
€m
Goodwill
217.1
Capitalised development expenses
11.1
Computer software and licences
0.6
Other intangible assets
11.9
Land & buildings
6.3
PP&E
52.0
Right-of-use assets
18.4
317.4
66
Following the impairment, the goodwill and intangible asset carrying values as at 31 December 2022 were as
follows:
2022
2021
€m
€m
€m
€m
Goodwill
Intangibles
Goodwill
Intangibles
FCS
North America
83.6
63.5
150.1
73.1
Europe and Africa
—
21.2
140.7
42.3
Asia Pacific
244.6
61.6
247.4
77.2
Latin America
—
—
—
0.1
FTDS
North America
—
5.1
—
6.6
Europe and Africa
—
58.6
—
76.0
Asia Pacific
25.7
40.0
26.1
45.2
Latin America
—
—
—
—
353.9
250.0
564.3
320.5
The intangible assets above include customer platforms arising on the Bain and Millennium acquisitions with
carrying values at 31 December 2022 of €114.5 million and €22.1 million respectively (year-ended 31
December 2021: €145.8 million and €25.8 million) with remaining useful lives of 3.5 and 4.1 years.
19.2. 2022 Impairment Test
IAS 36 Impairment of assets requires recoverable amount to be the higher of value in use and fair value less
costs of disposal. Initial estimates under value in use indicated impairment, so were re-estimated using fair
value less costs of disposal. The estimates of CGU recoverable amounts in the 2022 impairment test are
determined based on a fair value less costs of disposal calculation, estimated using a discounted cash flow
model, and classified as Level 3 Fair Value Measurements within the Fair Value Hierarchy.
Forecast operating cash flows covering the years 2023-2027 are taken from the Group's latest budget and
medium-term plan ("MTP") which utilises November 2022 IHS global light vehicle production forecasts.
67
In the current year these IHS forecasts have been moderated to capture management's best assessment of
potential estimation error, with the ongoing impact of global micro-chip shortages on the automotive
manufacturing process. The Group is therefore forecasting based on global automotive production volumes of
83.0 million in 2023, with this deviation from IHS maintained across the MTP to 2027. This adjustment draws
on management's experience and judgement, with consideration given to variances between historic
forecasting and subsequent actual volumes retrospectively observed during periods of fluctuating growth /
decline in the market.
Volume forecasts are then further adjusted for product mix, pricing assumptions and market outperformance
to establish forecast sales values. Contribution margin, fixed cost, research and development expenditure,
capital expenditure and working capital management estimates are then applied to arrive at the forecast
operating cash flows for inclusion in the model. In following this approach, management assumes that historic
cost recovery rates will be maintained into the future, including the impact of cost increases arising from the
effects of decarbonisation of the supply chain or carbon taxes.
Cash flows resulting from restructuring activities and cash flows that are generated from enhanced capital
expenditure are reflected in the forecasts. Cash flows from Corporate entities are allocated to CGUs based on
their respective proportion of total Group revenue.
The five-year operating cash flows are then discounted to present value using CGU specific discount rates and
combined with a perpetuity value calculated by applying the long-term expected growth rate to the terminal
year cash flow forecast. The resulting fair value less costs of disposal is then compared to the carrying value of
CGU net assets as at 31 December 2022.
A single base set of 2023-2027 volume forecasts has been utilised, with a specific FTDS long term expected
negative growth rate then captured in the terminal year perpetuity calculations, as further explained below.
As outlined in Note 1, Management have considered the potential impacts of climate change on the
impairment assessment.
Cost implications of climate change mitigations have been incorporated into the forecast operating cash flows
used in the impairment model. These include capital investments to reduce the carbon output from the
Group's production processes and additional budget for increasing the mix of renewable energy within the
Group's electricity consumption, in line with our commitment to reduce emissions by 37.5% by 2039. As
previously noted, other costs arising from the effects of climate change are assumed to be recovered from
customers.
Climate change also poses transitional risks to the products that the Group currently manufacture. This is
particularly evident in the FTDS division, where existing products predominantly cater for internal combustion
engine (ICE) vehicle platforms. The impact of climate change on environmental regimes and automotive market
trends has a significant bearing on the rate of transition to battery electric vehicle (BEV) platforms. In some
jurisdictions this transition will be mandated, as governments announce deadlines for curtailing the production
of ICE vehicles, in order to achieve commitments on emissions.
68
Whilst an increase in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) production and their need for higher margin pressurised fuel
tanks, offers mid-term opportunities for the FTDS division, the eventual transition to BEV will result in a
declining market for existing FTDS products. Management's forecasts suggest the peak in ICE and HEV vehicle
production will occur in the mid-to late-2020s with BEV platforms subsequently driving future growth in the
automotive market.
The risk to future cash flows that can be achieved from the current FTDS technology and asset base has been
captured in the impairment model by applying a negative growth rate to the terminal year perpetuity
calculation. This is to account for the ICE HEV decline post-2027 due to the current climate change
commitment from the COP21 Paris Agreement to limit global temperature increases over the next century to
1.5 degrees Celsius and associated climate change mitigations, coupled with changing customer behaviour in
the future.
As the FCS division is less susceptible to future changes in platform mix that may arise as a result of climate
change, it was not deemed appropriate to apply a negative growth rate, and a conventional positive long-term
expected growth rate is used in the perpetuity calculation.
The 2022 impairment test resulted in impairments in four CGUs, FCS-NA, FCS-EU, FCS-LA and FTDS-EU, and are
considered sensitive to reasonably possible changes in key assumptions. The low headroom observed in FTDS-
NA (€7.2 million) primarily arises due to the use of negative growth rates in the terminal year perpetuity
formula in response to the long-term forecast decline in ICE HEV vehicle production.
The key assumptions used in the fair value less costs of disposal calculations are:
• forecast operating cash flows
• long-term expected growth rates
• discount rates
Forecast operating cash flows are established as described above, utilising external forecast data from IHS
Markit.
Long-term expected growth rates and discount rates are determined with reference to the services of third-
party valuation experts and utilise externally available sources of information, adjusted where relevant for
industry specific factors.
Long-term growth rates are based on long-term economic forecasts for growth in the automotive sector in the
geographical regions in which the CGUs operate.
As described above, for FTDS specifically, negative growth rates have been used in the terminal year perpetuity
calculation to capture the impact climate change may have on the rate of market transition to BEVs.
The negative growth rates utilise a long-term forecast prepared by management in conjunction with external
experts, covering the period from 2028 to 2035. From this a long-term negative constant annual growth rate
(CAGR) has been calculated for each of the FTDS CGU geographies, based on a forecast decline in ICE/HEV
volumes to 35.8 million in 2035 (a reduction from the 39.9 million utilised in 2021 impairment test).
69
These negative growth rates are then applied in perpetuity and therefore capture the expected cash
generation from ICE HEV sales from 2028 onwards.
Discount rates are calculated for each division using a weighted average cost of capital specific to the
geographical regions from which the cash flows are derived.
The range of discount and growth rates used were as follows:
2022
2021
FCS FTDS FCS FTDS Base
FTDS
Down
Pre-tax discount rates
North America
17.05%
18.90%
15.25%
16.00%
16.00%
Europe and Africa
18.05%
18.75%
15.00%
15.25%
15.25%
Asia Pacific
19.95%
18.85%
13.75%
16.40%
16.40%
Latin America
24.40%
NA
23.75%
23.00%
23.00%
Long-term growth rates
North America
2.00%
(10.00%)
2.00%
(8.30%)
(19.70%)
Europe and Africa
2.75%
(9.75%)
2.75%
(8.80%)
(20.90%)
Asia Pacific
5.00%
(0.80%)
5.00%
(5.00%)
(11.50%)
Latin America
4.50%
NA
4.50%
NA
NA
Discount rates and Long-term growth rates are not applicable for FTDS-LA as its valuation is based on forecast
cash flows ending in 2022, as the Group ceases operations in this CGU.
Management considers the input assumptions used in the impairment model to be critical estimates, as there
is a significant risk of a material adjustment to the carrying value of CGU net assets resulting from changes in
these assumptions.
Reversal of previous impairments
Whilst impairments recorded against goodwill cannot be reversed in a subsequent reporting period,
management is required to monitor external and internal sources of information for indicators that previously
recognised impairment losses for intangible assets, PP&E and leased right-of-use assets may have decreased or
no longer exist. This is applicable to FCS-NA, FTDS-NA, FTDS-EU, and FTDS-LA, where asset impairments, other
than goodwill, were recorded at 2020.
Following this review, and despite headroom in FTDS-NA, management concluded that there was still
insufficient evidence to support a significant and prolonged improvement in the economic performance arising
from the underlying CGU assets. No impairment reversals were therefore recorded as at 31 December 2022.
Sensitivity analysis
Where management believes a reasonably possible change in assumption could result in the recognition of
additional impairment charges, or in the reversal of previously recognised impairment charges, sensitivity
analysis has been performed.
Based on the observed level of headroom in FCS-AP and FTDS-AP, management does not believe a reasonably
possible change in assumptions would impact the carrying value of CGU assets.
70
Both Latin America CGUs were fully impaired in 2020 due to forecast operating losses, with negligible
additional impairment in 2022. Although restructuring activities were subsequently implemented to mitigate
these negative cash flows, uncertainty over the longer-term economic viability of operations in this region lead
management to conclude that it is appropriate to maintain the impairment losses as at 31 December 2022.
Sensitivity analysis has therefore been performed for FCS-NA, FCS-EU, FTDS-NA and FTDS-EU.
The following table demonstrates the impact of changes in the long-term expected growth rates and discount
rates, in isolation, for CGUs deemed to be sensitive to such changes.
For FCS-NA, should a reasonably possible change in input assumption trigger an impairment charge, this would
initially be allocated to the respective goodwill carrying values of €83.6 million, with any excess then being
prorated across other CGU assets.
FCS-NA, FCS-EU, FTDS-NA and FTDS-EU are also sensitive to changes in forecast operating cash flows. Forecast
operating cash flows may be impacted by factors such as reduced demand for products, failure to recover
inflationary cost increases and other potential cost pressures, such as the future imposition of carbon taxes.
The table also demonstrates the impact of an isolated 500 BPS change in operating cashflow.
Recoverable
amount
€m
Assumption
Impact of 100 BPS
change
Impact of 500
BPS change
Pre-tax
Discount
rate
Long-
term
expected growth
rate
Discount
rate
€m
Long-term
expected
growth rate
€m
Operating
Cashflow
€m
FCS-NA
309.3
17.03 %
2.00 %
(30.0)
(20.0)
(20.0)
FCS-EU
159.0
18.05 %
2.75 %
(20.0)
(10.0)
(20.0)
FTDS-NA
31.0
18.92 %
(9.99) %
(3.0)
—
(4.0)
FTDS-EU
285.8
18.74 %
(9.74) %
(10.0)
—
(10.0)
Specific to FTDS, the risks to the division beyond 2027 arising from climate change and the associated rate of
consumer transition to BEV vehicles has been captured by using the negative perpetuity growth rate discussed
above.
If we assume the 2035 volumes used in the CAGR calculations are reached in 2031 and as such the negative
trend is accelerated, this would result in the following hypothetical impact on headroom/(impairment):
As calculated
€m
Accelerated
decline
€m
Impact
€m
FTDS-NA
7.2
5.2
(2.0)
FTDS-EU
(20.1)
(40.1)
(40.0)
71
This result highlights the sensitivity of the above CGUs to the rate of decline in long-term ICE HEV sales,
particularly in FTDS-EU.
To mitigate the risk of future impairments and to achieve optimal allocation of resources, Management will
ensure investment decisions are supported with strong customer demand, enabling capital expenditure to be
fully recovered over the underlying vehicle platform lives.
20. Investment in Associate
In the prior year the Group held an associated undertaking, SeAH FS Co., Ltd ('SeAH FS') which it disposed on 8
December 2021, resulting in a loss on disposal as detailed below:
Loss on Disposal of Associate in Prior Year
2021
€m
Sale Proceeds
15.5
Carrying Value of the associate at the date of disposal
(13.7)
Profit on disposal of the associate before foreign exchange adjustments
1.8
Net investment hedge reclassified to the income statement on the disposal of the investment
(0.9)
Currency translation reclassified to the income statement on disposal of the investment
(1.1)
Loss on disposal of investment in associate before income tax
(0.2)
Taxation on disposal of the investment
(3.1)
Loss on disposal of the associate after income tax
(3.3)
The tax paid on the proceeds from the sale of the associated undertaking in 2022 was €3.0 million (2021: €nil)
The movements in the investments in the associate in the prior year were:
2021
€m
Balance at 1 January
14.6
Share of loss for the period
(0.9)
Disposal
(13.7)
Balance at 31 December
—
21. Inventories
2022
2021
€m
€m
Raw materials
181.0
151.5
Work-in-progress
50.8
40.2
Finished goods
36.8
32.3
Tooling under development
68.7
73.7
Consumables
34.7
34.6
Total inventories
372.0
332.3
Consignment inventories from external suppliers held on the Group’s premises at 31 December 2022
amounted to €25.3 million (2021: €25.4 million) and are excluded from the balances above.
72
The value of inventories has been assessed on the basis of fair value, in determining that the carrying value is
the lower of cost less any related selling costs and net realisable value.
The cost of inventories recognised as an expense in cost of sales during the year was €1,620.9 million (2021:
€1,392.6 million), including €7.6 million related to write-downs of inventory to net realisable value (2021: €3.3
million).
22. Trade and Other Receivables
2022
2021
€m
€m
Trade receivables
465.4
454.0
Allowance for doubtful debts
(3.4)
(4.9)
Net trade receivables
462.0
449.1
Prepayments
68.3
61.4
Contract assets - accrued income
29.9
25.9
Other receivables
2.5
3.3
Total net trade and other receivables
562.7
539.7
Non-current
20.6
19.2
Current
542.0
520.5
Trade receivables disclosed above include amounts that are overdue at the end of the year for which the Group
has not recognised an allowance for doubtful debts because there is still a reasonable expectation of
recovering these balances.
22.1. Aged Analysis of Net Trade Receivables
2022
2021
€m
€m
Not overdue
429.0
425.2
Up to three months overdue
27.8
20.8
Three to six months overdue
2.2
2.5
Over six months overdue
3.0
0.6
Net trade receivables
462.0
449.1
22.2. Movement in Allowance for Doubtful Debts
2022
2021
€m
€m
At 1 January
(4.9)
(4.2)
Receivables provided for as uncollectible
(1.3)
(1.5)
Amounts written off during the year as uncollectible
1.5
0.2
Amounts recovered during the year
1.3
0.6
At 31 December
(3.4)
(4.9)
In determining the recoverability of a trade receivable, the Group considers all currently available and forward-
looking information to assess the credit quality of the trade receivable from the date credit was initially
granted up to the end of the reporting period. Receivables provided for as uncollectible and charged to the
Income Statement are included in administrative expenses.
73
A loss allowance is recognised at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses ('ECL') over the life of
the contract 'lifetime ECL'.
22.3. Credit Quality of Receivables
The Group has a large number of customers and considers credit ratings only in respect of major customers
from either Moody’s or Dun & Bradstreet. Those customers that have no credit rating are monitored as part of
normal credit control procedures.
2022
2021
Credit rating
€m
€m
A – AAA
225.5
165.4
B – BBB
162.8
164.4
Counterparties without external credit rating
73.7
119.3
Net trade receivables
462.0
449.1
22.4. Currency Risk of Trade Receivables and Other Receivables
2022
2021
€m
€m
Chinese renminbi
126.7
155.6
Euro
144.4
117.7
US dollar
119.9
114.7
Other currencies
71.0
64.4
Total net trade receivables and other receivables
462.0
452.4
22.5. Movement in Accrued Income
2022
2021
€m
€m
At 1 January
25.9
19.6
Unbilled performance
10.7
11.5
Transfers to receivables
(9.4)
(6.7)
Impairments through P&L
—
(0.3)
Other movements
2.5
0.7
Currency translation
0.2
1.1
At 31 December
29.9
25.9
23. Cash and Liquid Assets
2022
2021
€m
€m
Cash at bank and in hand
491.0
499.1
Cash and cash equivalents in the Balance Sheet
491.0
499.1
Other deposits
—
0.9
Financial assets at FVTPL
—
0.9
Total cash and liquid assets
491.0
500.0
Other deposits in the prior year included €0.7 million pledged to provide a bank guarantee, as part of a total
guarantee of €1.5 million to the Spanish tax authorities in respect of a disputed assessment raised following a
tax audit for the period 2013-2014. The guarantee was cancelled and the deposit returned in the current year,
following resolution of the dispute.
74
2022
2021
Financial institution credit rating
€m
€m
A – AA
440.6
399.5
B – BBB or lower
50.4
99.6
Cash and cash equivalents in the Balance Sheet
491.0
499.1
Cash and cash equivalent balances include €124.5 million (2021: €nil) invested in money market funds which
may be redeemed daily on demand. Cash and cash equivalent balances also include €1.4 million (2021: €2.2
million) held by subsidiaries as collateral primarily for letters of credit and foreign exchange facilities.
24. Share Capital
Authorised, issued and fully paid-
up
Number of
shares
Nominal
value of
each
share
Ordinary
shares
Ordinary
shares
Share
premium Total
£m
€m
€m
€m
At 31 December 2021
520,269,141
£0.01
5.2
6.8
2.2
9.0
At 31 December 2022
520,269,141
£0.01
5.2
6.8
2.2
9.0
The Group holds shares in the TI Fluid Systems Employee Benefit Trust ('EBT') for the purpose of satisfying
awards made to employees under the TI Fluid Systems plc Long Term Incentive Plan and Deferred Bonus Plan.
Such shares are shown as a deduction to equity in the Statement of Changes in Equity and are not treated as
outstanding for the purposes of calculating earnings per share. Shares held by the EBT do not ordinarily rank
for dividend.
The movements in ordinary shares held by the EBT in the current and prior year were as follows:
Number of
shares €m
At 1 January 2021
1,499,907
3.3
Release to satisfy Deferred Bonus Plan
(333,427)
(0.7)
Release to satisfy vested conditional share awards
(197,603)
(0.4)
Market purchase
2,962,296
8.3
At 31 December 2021
3,931,173
10.5
Release to satisfy vested conditional share awards
(462,291)
(1.0)
Market purchase
4,209,646
11.4
At 31 December 2022
7,678,528
20.9
The Company is a public limited company which is incorporated and domiciled in England and Wales, with
registered number 09402231.
75
25. Other Reserves
Net
investment
hedges
Currency
translation
reserve Total
€m
€m
€m
At 1 January 2022
(9.1)
(52.3)
(61.4)
Currency translation attributable to owners of the Parent Company
—
6.0
6.0
Items that may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss
—
6.0
6.0
At 31 December 2022
(9.1)
(46.3)
(55.4)
Net
investment
hedges
Currency
translation
reserve
Total
€m
€m
€m
At 1 January 2021
(10.0)
(127.7)
(137.7)
Net investment hedge: foreign exchange on disposal of overseas
operations
0.9
—
0.9
Currency translation attributable to owners of the Parent Company —
75.4
75.4
Items that may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss
0.9
75.4
76.3
At 31 December 2021
(9.1)
(52.3)
(61.4)
26. Non-Controlling Interests
2022
2021
€m
€m
At 1 January
0.4
25.2
Share of profit for the year
0.1
1.7
Currency translation
—
(0.3)
Total comprehensive income for the year
0.1
1.4
Reduction in non-controlling interests
—
(26.2)
At 31 December
0.5
0.4
The Group holds a 97% interest in Bundy India Ltd. Non-controlling interests at 31 December 2022 represent
the remaining 3% in Bundy India Ltd.
In the prior year the Group held a 73% interest in Hanil Tube Corporation, until 8 December 2021, when it
purchased the remaining 27% for total cash consideration of KRW 21,000 million (€15.5 million).
76
27. Trade and Other Payables
2022
2021
€m
€m
Trade payables
306.1
256.7
Accrued expenses
170.5
165.3
Contract liabilities - deferred income
71.2
85.9
Social security and other taxes
39.3
44.3
Other payables
10.5
8.5
Total trade and other payables
597.6
560.7
Non-current
12.8
14.6
Current
584.8
546.1
Accrued expenses include net capital investment grant balances totalling €1.9 million (2021: € 1.7 million).
27.1 Movement in Contract Liabilities - Deferred Income
2022
2021
€m
€m
At 1 January
85.9
130.8
Advance billings
58.3
74.6
Amounts recognised as revenue
(61.6)
(105.4)
Reversal of prior year deferred income
(12.5)
(17.7)
Other movements
0.6
—
Currency translation
0.5
3.6
At 31 December
71.2
85.9
28. Borrowings
2022
2021
€m
€m
Non-current:
Unsecured senior notes
592.9
591.7
-Secured term loans and facilities
521.1
506.8
Total non-current borrowings
1,114.0
1,098.5
Current:
-Secured term loans and facilities
1.9
1.8
Total current borrowings
1.9
1.8
Total borrowings
1,115.9
1,100.3
Unsecured senior notes
592.9
591.7
Secured term loans and facilities
523.0
508.6
Total borrowings
1,115.9
1,100.3
The main borrowing facilities are shown net of issuance discounts and fees of €20.6 million (2021: €24.6
million).
The contracted maturities of borrowings excluding issuance discounts and fees are disclosed in Note 29.2.
28.1 Movement in Total Borrowings
77
Unsecured
senior
notes
Term
loans and
facilities
Total
borrowings
€m
€m
€m
At 1 January 2022
591.7
508.6
1,100.3
Accrued interest
22.6
24.7
47.3
Scheduled payments
(22.5)
(30.3)
(52.8)
Fees expensed
1.1
3.6
4.7
Currency translation
—
16.4
16.4
31 December 2022
592.9
523.0
1,115.9
Accrued interest payable on the borrowings at 31 December 2022 of €4.8 million (31 December 2021: €4.7
million) is included in current trade and other payables.
Unsecured
senior notes
Term
loans and
facilities
Other
loans
Total
borrowings
€m
€m
€m
€m
At 1 January 2021
—
1,076.6
0.1
1,076.7
Accrued interest
15.9
29.1
—
45.0
Scheduled payments
(15.9)
(35.8)
(0.1)
(51.8)
Fees expensed
0.8
4.4
—
5.2
New borrowings
600.0
—
—
600.0
Fees on new borrowings
(9.1)
(6.2)
—
(15.3)
Voluntary repayments of borrowings
—
(600.0)
—
(600.0)
Fees expensed on voluntary repayments of borrowings
—
11.8
—
11.8
Currency translation
—
28.7
—
28.7
31 December 2021
591.7
508.6
—
1,100.3
In the prior year, the Group successfully executed a refinancing of its external borrowings. It issued €600.0
million unsecured Senior Notes maturing on 15 April 2029 and bearing an interest rate of 3.75% per annum,
and it's Euro and US dollar term loans were partly repaid and extended to 16 December 2026. The rates on the
term loans were also reduced. The refinancing was treated as a partial extinguishment of the Group's term
loans, and as a result unamortised transaction costs were recognised as an exceptional finance expense in the
prior year's income statement of €11.8 million.
28.2 Currency Denomination of Borrowings
2022
2021
€m
€m
US dollar
267.1
251.1
Euro
848.8
849.2
Total borrowings
1,115.9
1,100.3
78
The contracted maturities of borrowings excluding issuance discounts and fees are disclosed in Note 29.2.
28.3 Main Borrowing Facilities
The main borrowing facilities are comprised of unsecured Senior Notes and a package of secured loans
consisting of a Euro term loan, a US dollar term loan, and a revolving credit facility (which was undrawn during
the year except for letters of credit).
The amounts outstanding under the agreements are:
2022
2021
€m
€m
Principal outstanding:
Unsecured senior notes
600.0
600.0
US term loan
276.2
261.9
Euro term loan
260.3
263.0
Total principal outstanding
1,136.5
1,124.9
Issuance discounts and fees
(20.6)
(24.6)
Main borrowings facilities
1,115.9
1,100.3
Unsecured Senior Notes
The unsecured Senior Notes bear an interest rate of 3.75% per annum and mature on 15 April 2029. Interest on
the Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on 15 April and 15 October of each year.
Term
loan
The principal outstanding of the US term loan in US dollars at 31 December 2022 is $294.8 million (2021:
$297.8 million). The interest rate on the loan is US-dollar three-month LIBOR (minimum 0.5% p.a.) +3.25% p.a
and the amount repayable per quarter on the loan is $750,000 until the final balance falls due on 16 December
2026.
The rate on the Euro term loan is three-month EURIBOR (minimum 0.0% p.a.) +3.25% p.a. and the amount
repayable per quarter is €662,500 until the final balance falls due on 16 December 2026.
Revolving Credit Facility
The revolving credit agreement provides a facility of up to $225.0 million. Drawings under this facility bear
interest in a range of US-dollar LIBOR +3.0% to US-dollar LIBOR + 3.75% p.a. depending on the Group’s total net
leverage ratio
. The facility is available to be used to issue letters of credit on behalf of TI Group Automotive
Systems LLC, a subsidiary undertaking. The facility was undrawn at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021
(except for letters of credit see below). The revolving credit facility ('RCF') expires on 16 July 2026 and the
79
undrawn fee is 0.25%. In the event the total net leverage ratio is greater than 3.5:1, the undrawn fee will
increase back to 0.375%.
The net undrawn facilities under the RCF are shown below:
2022
2021
$m
€m
$m
€m
RCF Agreement
225.0
210.8
225.0
197.9
Utilisation for letters of credit
(2.0)
(1.9)
(1.9)
(1.7)
Net undrawn revolving credit facility
223.0
208.9
223.1
196.2
Issuance discounts and fees
All capitalised fees are expensed using the effective interest rate method over the remaining terms of the
facilities. Net issuance discounts and fees at 31 December 2022 are €20.6 million (2021: €24.6 million).
28.4 Other Secured Loans
A subsidiary in Spain granted security over certain of its assets in return for credit facilities from its banks. The
loan had total amortisation repayments of €27,000 payable every six months.The facility expired on 15 June
2022 and there is therefore no balance outstanding at 31 December 2022 (2021: €27,000).
28.5 Total Undrawn Borrowing Facilities
2022
2021
€m
€m
Expiring within one year
10.6
10.8
Expiring after more than one year
208.9
196.2
Total at floating rate
219.5
207.0
All facilities are at floating rates.
28.6 Movements in Net Borrowings and Lease Liabilities
At 1
January
2022
Cash
flows
Non-cash changes
At 31
December
2022
New
leases
Fees
expensed
Currency
translation
Remeas-
urement
and
disposals
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
Cash and cash equivalents
499.1
(11.5)
—
—
3.4
—
491.0
Financial assets at FVTPL
0.9
(0.9)
—
—
—
—
—
Borrowings
(1,100.3)
5.5
—
(4.7)
(16.4)
—
(1,115.9)
Total net borrowings
(600.3)
(6.9)
—
(4.7)
(13.0)
—
(624.9)
Lease liabilities
(149.9)
32.9
(38.6)
—
(3.0)
13.0
(145.6)
Net borrowings and lease
liabilities
(750.2)
26.0
(38.6)
(4.7)
(16.0)
13.0
(770.5)
80
At 1
January
2021
Cash
flows
Non-cash changes
At 31
December
2021
New
leases
Fees
expensed
Currency
translation
Remeas-
urement
and
disposals
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
Cash and cash equivalents
485.8
(11.0)
—
—
24.3
—
499.1
Financial assets at FVTPL
0.9
—
—
—
—
—
0.9
Borrowings
(1,076.7)
22.1
—
(17.0)
(28.7)
—
(1,100.3)
Total net borrowings
(590.0)
11.1
—
(17.0)
(4.4)
—
(600.3)
Lease liabilities
(151.0)
31.6
(18.1)
—
(5.3)
(7.1)
(149.9)
Net borrowings and lease
liabilities
(741.0)
42.7
(18.1)
(17.0)
(9.7)
(7.1)
(750.2)
Cash flows from financing activities arising from changes in financial liabilities are analysed below:
2022
2021
€m
€m
Proceeds from new borrowings
—
(600.0)
Fees paid on proceeds from new borrowings
—
15.3
Voluntary repayments of borrowings
—
600.0
Scheduled repayments of borrowings
5.5
6.8
Lease principal repayments
32.9
31.6
Cash outflows from financing activities arising from changes in financial liabilities
38.4
53.7
Borrowings cash flows
5.5
22.1
Lease liabilities cash flows
32.9
31.6
Cash outflows from financing activities arising from changes in financial liabilities
38.4
53.7
29. Fair Values of Financial Assets and Liabilities
29.1 Financial Instruments by Category
As at 31 December 2022:
Assets at
amortised
cost
Assets at
FVTPL
Total
Financial assets
Note
€m
€m
€m
Cash and cash equivalents
23
491.0
—
491.0
Trade and other receivables excluding prepayments
22
494.3
—
494.3
Derivative financial instruments:
Forward foreign exchange contracts (cash flow hedges)
—
2.8
2.8
Total at 31 December 2022
985.3
2.8
988.1
81
Liabilities
at
amortised
cost
Liabilities
at FVTPL
Total
Financial liabilities
Note
€m
€ m
€m
Trade and other payables excluding deferred income
27
(526.5)
—
(526.5)
Borrowings:
-Term loans and facilities
28
(523.0)
—
(523.0)
-Unsecured senior notes
(444.0)
—
(444.0)
Lease liabilities
18
(145.6)
—
(145.6)
Derivative financial instruments:
Forward foreign exchange contracts (cash flow hedges)
—
(0.2)
(0.2)
Total at 31 December 2022
(1,639.1)
(0.2)
(1,639.3)
As at 31 December 2021:
Assets at
amortised
cost
Assets at
FVTPL
Total
Financial assets
Note
€m
€m
€m
Cash and cash equivalents
23
499.1
—
499.1
Financial assets at FVTPL
23
—
0.9
0.9
Trade and other receivables excluding prepayments
22
478.3
—
478.3
Derivative financial instruments:
- Forward foreign exchange contracts (cash flow
hedges)
—
0.9
0.9
Total
977.4
1.8
979.2
Liabilities at
amortised
cost
Liabilities
at FVTPL Total
Financial liabilities
Note
€m
€m
€m
Trade and other payables excluding deferred income
27
(474.8)
—
(474.8)
Borrowings:
-Term loans and facilities
28
(508.6)
—
(508.6)
-Unsecured senior notes
(604.5)
—
(604.5)
Lease liabilities
18
(149.9)
—
(149.9)
Derivative financial instruments:
- Forward foreign exchange contracts (cash flow
—
(0.3)
(0.3)
Total
(1,737.8)
(0.3)
(1,738.1)
Fair value estimates of derivatives are based on relevant market information and information about the
financial instruments, which are subjective in nature. The fair value of these financial instruments is estimated
by discounting the future cash flows to net present values using appropriate market rates prevailing at the
reporting date, which is a proxy for market price. All derivative items reported are within Level 2 of the fair
value hierarchy specified in IFRS 13 ‘Fair Value Measurement’; their measurement includes inputs other than
quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.
The unsecured Senior Notes are quoted instruments and the fair value is calculated based on the market price.
The fair value of the notes is within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy specified in IFRS 13 ‘Fair Value
Measurement’.
82
The fair values of other non-derivative amounts are determined in accordance with generally accepted
valuation techniques based on discounted cash flow analysis. It is assumed that by their nature their carrying
value approximates their fair value. These fair values are within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy specified in
IFRS 13 ‘Fair Value Measurement’.
29.2 Contracted Maturities of Financial Liabilities
As at 31 December 2022:
Less than
one year
Between
one and
three
years
Between
three
and five
years
Over five
years
Total
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
Borrowings excluding issuance discounts and fees
(discounted)
5.5
10.9
520.1
600.0
1,136.5
Impact of discounting: interest
59.1
117.2
80.5
29.1
285.9
Undiscounted contracted maturities of
borrowings
64.6
128.1
600.6
629.1
1,422.4
Lease liabilities (discounted)
27.8
40.1
27.9
49.8
145.6
Impact of discounting: interest 12.8
18.4
8.1
10.3
49.6
Undiscounted contracted maturities of lease
liabilities
40.6
58.5
36.0
60.1
195.2
Trade and other payables excluding deferred
income
518.7
7.8
—
—
526.5
Total undiscounted contracted maturities of
financial liabilities
623.9
194.4
636.6
689.2
2,144.1
As at 31 December 2021:
Less than
one year
Between
one and
three
years
Between
three
and five
years
Over five
years Total
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
Borrowings excluding issuance discounts and fees
5.3
10.6
509.0
600.0
1,124.9
Impact of discounting: interest
41.1
81.5
80.8
51.6
255.0
Undiscounted contracted maturities of
borrowings
46.4
92.1
589.8
651.6
1,379.9
Lease liabilities (discounted)
30.1
40.9
29.1
49.8
149.9
Impact of discounting: interest
8.6
12.4
9.5
6.1
36.6
Undiscounted contracted maturities of lease
liabilities
38.7
53.3
38.6
55.9
186.5
Trade and other payables excluding deferred
income
466.4
8.4
—
—
474.8
Total undiscounted contracted maturities of
financial liabilities
551.5
153.8
628.4
707.5
2,041.2
83
30. Retirement Benefit Obligations
30.1 Defined Benefit Arrangements
Pension plans
The Group operates funded defined benefit pension plans in the US, Canada and the UK under broadly similar
regulatory frameworks. All of the plans provide benefits to members in the form of a guaranteed level of
pension payable for life. The level of pensions provided is determined by members’ length of service and, for
most of these plans, pensionable remuneration. Plan assets are held in trusts from which all benefit payments
are made. The plans are governed by local regulations and practice, including the nature of the relationship
between their trustees and the Group. Responsibility for governance of the plans, including investment
strategy and schedules of contributions, rests primarily with the trustees, some of whom who are appointed by
the Group and the remainder by the members in accordance with the rules of each plan.
The plan in the US is closed to both new entrants and future accrual. The active members are not required to
make contributions to the plans. Pensions in payment are not subject to inflationary increase. The plan in
Canada remains open to new entrants, and is contributory. Pensions in payment are subject to discretionary
inflationary increase. The UK plan is closed to new entrants but remains open to future accrual. Pensions in
payment are subject to annual increase based on the UK Retail Price Index.
Independent accounting valuations of all major defined benefit scheme assets and liabilities were carried out
as at 31 December 2022. The US pension plans are subject to annual actuarial valuation, and were most
recently valued by independent qualified actuaries as at 1 January 2022. The Canadian pension plan is subject
to actuarial valuation at least triennially, and was most recently formally valued as at 30 June 2021. The UK
plan is subject to triennial actuarial valuation, and was most recently formally valued as at 6 April 2021.
Employer funding contributions to the US and other funded pension plans are agreed at each formal valuation,
and for the year-ended 31 December 2022 totalled €2.0 million (2021: €3.4 million). Contributions for the 12
months ended 31 December 2023 are expected to amount to €0.8 million.
In this note the US plans are shown separately as ‘US pensions’, and the Canadian and UK plans are aggregated
as ‘other pensions’.
Post-employment healthcare
The Group operates post-employment medical benefit schemes in a small number of territories, principally the
US where the scheme was closed to new entrants in 1992. These schemes are unfunded. The US scheme is
subject to annual actuarial valuation, and was most recently valued by independent qualified actuaries as at 1
January 2022. In this note the US scheme is shown separately as ‘US healthcare’, and the other healthcare
liabilities are aggregated within ‘other post-employment liabilities’.
84
Other post-employment arrangements
The Group operates certain other pension and retirement plans primarily in Germany, France, Italy, South
Korea, Poland and Belgium, where obligations are either partially funded or unfunded. In this note these plans
are aggregated within ‘other post-employment liabilities’.
30.2 Defined Benefit Arrangements in the Primary Financial Statements
The net liability for defined benefit arrangements is as follows:
a. Balance Sheet
US
pensions
Other
pensions
US
healthcare
Other post-
employme
nt
liabilities
Total
Net liability
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
Present value of retirement benefit obligations
(145.5)
(68.9)
(28.0)
(79.7)
(322.1)
Fair value of plan assets
117.9
77.7
—
31.1
226.7
Asset ceiling
—
(8.8)
—
—
(8.8)
Net liability at 31 December 2022
(27.6)
—
(28.0)
(48.6)
(104.2)
US
pensions
Other
pensions
US
healthcare
Other post-
employment
liabilities Total
Net liability
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
Present value of retirement benefit obligations
(184.5)
(117.7)
(33.4)
(88.2)
(423.8)
Fair value of plan assets
150.7
126.5
—
27.8
305.0
Asset ceiling
—
(9.3)
—
—
(9.3)
Net liability at 31 December 2021
(33.8)
(0.5)
(33.4)
(60.4)
(128.1)
The present value of retirement benefit obligations by member type is as follows:
2022
2021
€m
€m
Active members
102.6
134.2
Deferred members
55.8
87.5
Retirees
163.7
202.1
Total
322.1
423.8
The expected payments at 31 December 2022 for retirement benefit obligations are as follows:
Payments expected
€m
2023
24.4
2024
23.2
2025
23.1
2026
23.1
2027
23.6
2028 onwards
576.8
85
The implied weighted average duration at 31 December 2022 of retirement benefit obligations are as follows
(in years): US pensions 10.0 (2021: 12.2), Other pensions 16.0 (2021: 19.5) and US healthcare 7.8 (2021: 8.9).
b. Income Statement
Net income/(expense) recognised in the Income Statement is as follows:
Net (expense)/income
US
pensions
€m
Other
pensions
€m
US
healthcare
€m
Other post
employment
liabilities
€m
Total
€m
Current service cost
—
(1.5)
—
(6.4)
(7.9)
Past service cost —
—
—
(0.3)
(0.3)
Settlement / curtailment loss
—
(0.5)
—
—
(0.5)
Net interest (expense)/income
(1.0)
0.2
(0.9)
(1.1)
(2.8)
Total expense for the year ended 31
December 2022
(1.0)
(1.8)
(0.9)
(7.8)
(11.5)
Restructuring of the Group's Bramalea Canada facility resulted in a settlement loss of €0.5 million (2021: €0.9
million loss).
Net expense/(income)
US
pensions
€m
Other
pensions
€m
US
healthcare
€m
Other post
employment
liabilities
€m
Total
€m
Current service cost
—
(1.6)
—
(4.3)
(5.9)
Past service cost
—
—
—
0.6
0.6
Settlement / curtailment (loss)/gain
(0.4)
(0.9)
—
0.6
(0.7)
Net interest (expense)/income
(1.2)
—
(0.7)
(0.6)
(2.5)
Total expense for the year ended 31
December 2021
(1.6)
(2.5)
(0.7)
(3.7)
(8.5)
Annuity and participant buyout offerings of the Group’s US pension plan resulted in a settlement loss of €0.4
million in 2021.
86
c. Statement of Comprehensive Income
Re-measurements of retirement benefit obligations included in the Statement of Comprehensive Income are as
follows:
Income/(expense)
US
pensions
€m
Other
pensions
€m
US
healthcare
€m
Other post
employment
liabilities
€m
Total
€m
Return on assets excluding amounts
recognised in the Income Statement
(37.3)
(43.5)
—
0.1
(80.7)
Changes in demographic assumptions
—
(0.8)
—
0.3
(0.5)
Changes in financial assumptions
46.0
49.1
5.2
13.2
113.5
Experience gains/(losses)
1.3
(3.1)
1.4
(4.0)
(4.4)
Change in asset ceiling
—
0.2
—
—
0.2
Total net Income for the year ended 31
December 2022
10.0
1.9
6.6
9.6
28.1
Income/(expense)
US
pensions
€m
Other
pensions
€m
US
healthcare
€m
Other post
employment
liabilities
€m
Total
€m
Return on assets excluding amounts
recognised in the Income Statement
13.7
3.0
—
0.1
16.8
Changes in demographic assumptions
(0.7)
1.4
(0.2)
—
0.5
Changes in financial assumptions
11.0
4.9
0.5
3.4
19.8
Experience gains/(losses)
(1.3)
3.6
1.3
0.9
4.5
Change in asset ceiling
—
(5.3)
—
—
(5.3)
Total net expense for the year ended 31
December 2021
22.7
7.6
1.6
4.4
36.3
30.3 Composition of Plan Assets
Plan assets are comprised as follows:
US
pensions
€m
Other
pensions
€m
Other post
employment
liabilities
€m
Total
€m
Investment funds: Equities*
66.4
6.0
—
72.4
Investment funds: Credit*
48.9
33.1
—
82.0
Investment funds: Diversified growth/multi strategy*
—
32.8
—
32.8
Insurance contracts
—
5.4
30.9
36.3
Cash and cash equivalents
2.6
0.4
0.2
3.2
Plan assets as at 31 December 2022
117.9
77.7
31.1
226.7
87
US
pensions
€m
Other
pensions
€m
Other
post
employment
liabilities
€m
Total
€m
Investment funds: Equities*
83.7
8.8
—
92.5
Investment funds: Credit*
65.7
41.6
—
107.3
Investment funds: Diversified growth/multi strategy*
—
68.2
—
68.2
Insurance contracts
—
7.7
27.6
35.3
Cash and cash equivalents
1.3
0.2
0.2
1.7
Plan assets as at 31 December 2021
150.7
126.5
27.8
305.0
*83% and 88% of the assets held by the retirement benefit plans as of 31 December 2022 and 31 December
2021, respectively, are in investment funds comprised of underlying equity, credit and diversified growth assets
with quoted market prices. Investment funds themselves are not considered quoted as they are pooled,
commingled vehicles such as unit trusts and mutual funds, whereby the pension scheme owns units in the
fund alongside other investors. The remaining assets held by the plan are unquoted insurance policies,
principal-interest guaranteed insurance contracts and cash and cash equivalents.
30.4 Net Defined Benefit Obligations
Movements in net defined
benefit obligations
Note
Presen
t
value of
obligation
€m
Fair value
of plan
assets
€m
Accounting
surplus
€m
Asset
ceiling
€m
Total
€m
At 1 January 2022
(423.8)
305.0
(118.8)
(9.3)
(128.1)
Current service cost
30.2b
(7.9)
—
(7.9)
—
(7.9)
Settlement/ curtailment loss 30.2b (0.8)
—
(0.8)
—
(0.8)
Net interest (expense)/income
30.2b
(10.4)
7.6
(2.8)
—
(2.8)
Re-measurements
30.2c
108.6
(80.7)
27.9
0.2
28.1
Employer contributions
—
7.6
7.6
—
7.6
Employee contributions
(0.4)
0.4
—
—
—
Benefits and administration
expenses paid
21.0
(17.2)
3.8
—
3.8
Settlements / curtailments
3.1
(3.1)
—
—
—
Currency translation
(11.5)
7.1
(4.4)
0.3
(4.1)
At 31 December 2022
(322.1)
226.7
(95.4)
(8.8)
(104.2)
88
Movements in net defined benefit
obligations
Note
Present value
of
obligation
€m
Fair value
of plan
assets
€m
Accounting
surplus
€m
Asset
ceiling
€m
Total
€m
At 1 January 2021
(456.2)
299.1
(157.1)
(3.6)
(160.7)
Current service cost
30.2b
(5.9)
—
(5.9)
—
(5.9)
Past service cost
30.2b
0.6
—
0.6
—
0.6
Settlement/ curtailment loss
30.2b
(0.7)
—
(0.7)
—
(0.7)
Net interest (expense)/income
30.2b
(8.6)
6.1
(2.5)
—
(2.5)
Re-measurements
30.2c
24.8
16.8
41.6
(5.3)
36.3
Employer contributions
—
7.0
7.0
—
7.0
Employee contributions
(0.4)
0.4
—
—
—
Benefits and administration
expenses paid
22.7
(19.1)
3.6
—
3.6
Settlements / curtailments
24.7
(24.6)
—
—
—
Currency translation
(24.8)
19.3
(5.4)
(0.4)
(5.8)
At 31 December 2021
(423.8)
305.0
(118.8)
(9.3)
(128.1)
a. US pensions
Movements in net defined benefit obligations
Present
value of
obligation
€m
Fair value of
plan assets
€m
Total
€m
At 1 January 2022
(184.5)
150.7
(33.8)
Net interest (expense)/income
(5.4)
4.4
(1.0)
Re-measurements 47.3
(37.3)
10.0
Employer contributions
—
1.2
1.2
Benefits and administration expenses paid
9.8
(11.6)
(1.8)
Settlement
—
—
—
Currency translation
(12.7)
10.5
(2.2)
At 31 December 2022
(145.5)
117.9
(27.6)
Movements in net defined benefit obligations
Present value
of obligation
€m
Fair value of
plan assets
€m
Total
€m
At 1 January 2021
(209.2)
156.9
(52.3)
Past service cost
(0.4)
—
(0.4)
Net interest (expense)/income (5.0)
3.8
(1.2)
Re-measurements
9.0
13.7
22.7
Employer contributions
—
2.5
2.5
Benefits and administration expenses paid
10.9
(12.8)
(1.9)
Settlement 24.6
(24.6)
—
Currency translation
(14.4)
11.2
(3.2)
At 31 December 2021
(184.5)
150.7
(33.8)
89
b. Other pensions
Movements in net defined benefit
obligations
Present
value o
f
obligation
€m
Fair value of
plan assets
€m
Accounting
surplus
€m
Asset ceiling
€m
Total
€m
At 1 January 2022
(117.7)
126.5
8.8
(9.3)
(0.5)
Current service cost
(1.5)
—
(1.5)
—
(1.5)
Settlement/curtailment cost
(0.5)
—
(0.5)
—
(0.5)
Net interest (expense)/income
(2.5)
2.7
0.2
—
0.2
Re-measurements
45.2
(43.5)
1.7
0.2
1.9
Employer contributions
—
0.8
0.8
—
0.8
Employee contributions
(0.3)
0.3
—
—
—
Benefits and administration
expenses paid
2.2
(2.4)
(0.2)
—
(0.2)
Settlement
3.1
(3.1)
—
—
—
Currency translation
3.1
(3.6)
(0.5)
0.3
(0.2)
At 31 December 2022
(68.9)
77.7
8.8
(8.8)
—
Movements in net defined benefit
obligations
Present
value of
obligation
€
Fair value of
plan assets
€m
Accounting
surplus
€m
Asset ceiling
€m
Total
€m
At 1 January 2021
(117.9)
115.4
(2.5)
(3.6)
(6.1)
Current service cost
(1.6)
—
(1.6)
—
(1.6)
Past service cost
(0.9)
—
(0.9)
—
(0.9)
Net interest (expense)/income
(1.9)
1.9
—
—
—
Re-measurements
9.9
3.0
12.9
(5.3)
7.6
Employer contributions
—
0.9
0.9
—
0.9
Employee contributions
(0.3)
0.3
—
—
—
Benefits and administration
expenses paid
3.1
(3.3)
(0.2)
—
(0.2)
Currency translation
(8.1)
8.3
0.2
(0.4)
(0.2)
At 31 December 2021
(117.7)
126.5
8.8
(9.3)
(0.5)
90
c. US healthcare and other post-employment liabilities
Movements in net
defined benefit
obligations
Present value of
obligation
€m
Fair value of
plan assets
€m
Total
€m
US healthcare
€m
Total
€m
At 1 January 2022
(88.2)
27.8
(60.4)
(33.4)
(93.8)
Current service cost
(6.4)
—
(6.4)
—
(6.4)
Curtailment cost
(0.3)
—
(0.3)
—
(0.3)
Net interest
(expense)/income
(1.7)
0.6
(1.1)
(0.9)
(2.0)
Re-measurements
9.5
0.1
9.6
6.6
16.2
Employer contributions —
5.6
5.6
—
5.6
Employee contributions
(0.1)
0.1
—
—
—
Benefits paid
6.9
(3.1)
3.8
2.0
5.8
Currency translation
0.6
—
0.6
(2.3)
(1.7)
At 31 December 2022
(79.7)
31.1
(48.6)
(28.0)
(76.6)
Movements in net defined
benefit obligations
Present value
of obligation
€m
Fair value of
plan assets
€m
Total
€m
US healthcare
€m
Total
€m
At 1 January 2021
(95.3)
26.8
(68.5)
(33.8)
(102.3)
Current service cost
(4.3)
—
(4.3)
—
(4.3)
Curtailment gain
0.6
—
0.6
—
0.6
Net interest
(expense)/income
0.6
—
0.6
—
0.6
Re-measurements
(0.9)
0.3
(0.6)
(0.7)
(1.3)
Employer contributions
4.3
0.1
4.4
1.6
6.0
Employee contributions
—
3.6
3.6
—
3.6
Benefits paid
(0.1)
0.1
—
—
—
Settlements
6.8
(2.9)
3.9
1.9
5.8
Currency translation
0.1
(0.2)
(0.1)
(2.4)
(2.5)
At 31 December 2021
(88.2)
27.8
(60.4)
(33.4)
(93.8)
d. Other post-employment liabilities
2022
2021
€m
€m
Unfunded German pension plans
17.8
24.3
Statutory retiring indemnities in France, Italy, and South Korea
9.9
16.2
Long-service awards in Germany and Poland
10.0
10.5
Retirement plans in Belgium
1.0
2.1
Unfunded arrangements under the US and UK pension plans 1.0
1.6
Other liabilities
8.9
5.7
Total other post-employment liabilities at 31 December
48.6
60.4
91
30.5 Principal Assumptions
The principal assumptions in measuring plan liabilities are as follows:
US Pensions
2022
2021
Discount rate
5.35 %
2.80 %
Mortality assumptions: life expectancy from age 65
Retiring at the end of the current reporting year:
Males
23
23
Females 25
25
Retiring 20 years after the end of the current reporting year:
Males
24
24
Females
26
25
For US pensions, assumptions with regard to life expectancies from retirement at age 65 are based on Pri-2012
collar- and gender-specific mortality tables, adjusted and generationally projected using Scale MP-2020.
Other pensions
2022
2021
Discount rate
4.95 %
2.10 %
Inflation rate 2.90 %
3.49 %
Salary increases
3.03 %
3.28 %
Benefit increases
3.20 %
3.40 %
Mortality assumptions for other pensions: life expectancy from age 65
Retiring at the end of the current reporting year:
Males
23
22
Females
25
24
Retiring 20 years after the end of the current reporting year:
Males
24
23
Females
26
25
US healthcare
2022
2021
Discount rate
5.30 %
2.60 %
Healthcare cost trend: Initial rate
7.00 %
2.60 %
Other post-employment liabilities
2022
2021
Discount rate
4.80 %
1.80 %
Inflation rate
2.06 %
1.38 %
Salary increases
7.13 %
3.06 %
Benefit increases
2.26 %
1.97 %
92
Changes in the principal assumptions would decrease/(increase) the total defined benefit obligation (DBO) as
follows:
Decrease/(increase) in DBO
Cha
nge in
assumption
2022
2021
Increase
€m
Decrease
€m
Increase
€m
Decrease
€m
Discount rate
0.5 %
15.7
(17.2)
26.9
(30.2)
Inflation rate
0.5 %
(4.9)
4.9
(9.4)
8.8
Salary growth rate
0.5 %
(2.2)
2.0
(2.9)
2.9
Life expectancy
1 year
(8.7)
8.8
(15.1)
15.1
Healthcare cost trend: Initial rate
0.5 %
(0.9)
0.8
(1.3)
1.3
The sensitivity analysis above illustrates the change in each major assumption whilst holding all others
constant. The methods of calculating the defined benefit obligation for this purpose are the same as used for
calculating the end-of-year position.
30.6 Pension Plans – Risk Analysis
Asset volatility
Plan liabilities are calculated using a discount rate set with reference to corporate bond
yields. If plan assets were to underperform this yield,
this would create a deficit. All the
funded plans hold a proportion of equities, which are expected to outperform bonds in
the long term, but which are also likely to experience greater price volatility and
therefore risk in the short term. As plans mature
, the Group’s strategy is to reduce the
level of investment risk by investing more in assets whose risk profile is a better match for
the liabilities.
Changes in bond
yields
A decrease in bond yields has the effect of increasing plan liabilities, although this is
partially offset by an increase in the value of the plans’ bond holdings.
Inflation risk
The Group’s pension obligations in Canada, the UK and Germany are inflation linked. Caps
on the level of inflationary increases are in place to
protect the plans against above
normal inflation. The US pension obligations are not inflation indexed. The majority of
the plan assets are not directly inflation indexed, meaning that an increase in inflation
will tend to increase the deficit.
Life expectancy
The majority of the plans’ obligations are to provide benefits for the life of each retired
member and his/her spouse, so increases in life expectancy result in an increase in the
plans’ liabilities.
The investments of the funded plans are managed within an asset-liability matching framework that has been
developed to achieve long-term investments that align with the obligations of the plans. One objective is to
match assets to the pension obligations by investing in annuities and long-term fixed interest securities with
maturities that match the benefit payments as they fall due in the appropriate currency. The plans actively
93
monitor how the duration and the expected yield of the investments match the expected cash outflows arising
from the pension obligations. The processes used to manage the risks have not changed from previous years.
Investments are diversified, such that the failure of any single investment would not have a material impact on
the overall level of assets. A large portion of assets consist of bonds and equities, although the plans also hold
investment funds and liability driven investments. Equities have been shown to offer the best returns over the
long term with an acceptable level of risk.
94
31. Provisions
Movements in provisions are as follows:
Product
warranty
Restructuring
Other
Total
€m
€m
€m
€m
At 1 January 2022
10.7
15.8
4.8
31.3
Provisions made during the year
2.4
23.1
0.4
25.9
Provisions used during the year
(2.1)
(30.0)
(1.2)
(33.3)
Provisions reversed during the year
(6.3)
(0.3)
(0.4)
(7.0)
Currency translation
0.4
(0.8)
0.1
(0.3)
At 31 December 2022
5.1
7.8
3.7
16.6
Total provisions:
2022
2021
€m
€m
Non-current
2.6
2.6
Current
14.0
28.7
Total provisions
16.6
31.3
Product warranty
The majority of product warranty provisions relate to specific customer issues, and are based upon open
negotiations and past customer claims experience. Utilisation of the warranty provision is expected in 2023.
Restructuring
Restructuring provisions comprise planned headcount reductions and similar costs of balancing production
capacity with market requirements. The provision at 31 December 2022 relates to global restructuring
initiatives in response to reduced output following the COVID-19 pandemic. The balance is expected to be fully
utilised during 2023.
Other provisions
Other provisions at 31 December 2022 comprise provisions for disputed claims for indirect taxes totalling €0.7
million (2021: €0.7 million) and asset retirement obligations totalling €3.0 million (2021: €3.9 million). Asset
retirement obligations are linked to the useful lives of the underlying assets, with expected utilisation ranging
from 2023 to 2025. The indirect tax provisions are expected to be utilised over the next five years.
95
32. Cash Generated from Operations
Note
2022
2021
€m
€m
(Loss)/profit for the year
(279.0)
16.0
Income tax expense before exceptional items
23.4
40.9
Exceptional income tax credit
(20.1)
(2.8)
(Loss)/profit before income tax
(275.7)
54.1
Adjustments for:
Depreciation, amortisation and other impairment charges
16/17/18
207.7
192.0
Exceptional impairment charges
9
317.4
—
Net losses on disposal of PP&E, intangible and right of use assets 11 0.3
0.6
Loss on disposal of PP&E in restructuring costs
3.7
—
Loss on disposal of investment in associate before income tax 20 —
0.2
Share-based expense excluding social security costs
10
9.6
6.8
Net finance expense
12
58.7
71.8
Unremitted share of loss from associates
20
—
0.9
Net foreign exchange losses
0.7
6.9
Changes in working capital:
- Inventories
(34.0)
34.4
- Trade and other receivables
(16.3)
39.3
- Trade and other payables
27.6
(83.0)
Change in provisions
(14.4)
0.4
Change in retirement benefit obligations
(2.8)
(4.6)
Total
282.5
319.8
The changes in working capital (movements in inventories, trade and other receivables and trade and other
payables) reflect a number of non-cash transactions. The most significant of these arises from movements due
to changes in foreign exchange rates, on translation of the Group's overseas operations into the Group’s
presentation currency, Euro.
33. Commitments and Contingencies
33.1 Capital Commitments
Expenditure on non-current assets authorised and contracted for at the end of the year but not yet incurred is
as below:
2022
2021
€m
€m
Intangible assets
6.9
8.1
Property, plant and equipment
45.4
30.3
Total
52.3
38.4
Refer to Note 18 for the Group Lease commitments as a lessor and lessee.
96
33.2 Purchase Commitments
As part of its normal business practices, the Group enters into contracts with suppliers for purchases of raw
materials, components and services to facilitate adequate supply of these materials and services. These
arrangements may contain fixed or minimum quantity purchase requirements. These purchase commitments
are off-balance sheet agreements to purchase goods or services that are enforceable and legally binding on the
Group.
The table below summarises the contractual purchase commitments as at the end of the year:
2022
2021
€m
€m
Less than one year
109.2
73.0
Between one year and five years
6.9
5.4
After five years
2.4
1.8
Total
118.5
80.2
Contingencies
The Group has contingent liabilities relating to legal and tax proceedings arising in the normal course of
business. Management reviewed known claims and litigation involving the Company and its subsidiaries at the
end of the year. Based on the advice of legal counsel, appropriate provisions have been made to cover the
related risks. While the outcome of any proceedings in progress cannot be predicted, the Company does not
believe they will have a material impact on the Group’s financial position.
33.3 Subsidiary audit exemptions
The following UK subsidiary undertakings are exempt from the requirements of the UK Companies Act 2006,
relating to the audit of individual accounts by virtue of section 479A of the Act.
Name
Company Number
Omega Acquisition Bidco Ltd
9402426
TI Automotive Korean Won Hedgeco Ltd
9855008
TI Automotive Korean Won Hedgeco II Ltd
5633329
TIFS Holdings Limited
7060030
TI Automotive Ltd
4097913
TI Automotive Euro Holdings Ltd
5265489
TI Automotive USA Holdings Limited
5265459
TI Group Automotive Systems Ltd
581742
TI Group Automotive Systems (Deeside) Ltd
3061637
TI Automotive Holdings Ltd
4174232
TI Automotive Czech Holdings (UK) Ltd
6241709
TI Automotive German Holdings (UK) Limited
6243326
97
TI Group Automotive Systems (UK) Ltd
784687
TI Automotive (China) Ltd
4081361
Hanil Tube Holdings Ltd
6258095
TI Automotive Canada Holdings Ltd
5546464
Omega Newco Sub I Limited
9402268
Omega Newco Sub II limited
9402316
TI Automotive Nominees Ltd
4234035
TI Automotive Pension Plan Trustee Ltd
4310096
TI Fluid Systems plc will guarantee all outstanding liabilities that these subsidiaries are subject to as at the
financial year-ended 31 December 2022 in accordance with section 479C of the UK Companies Act 2006, as
amended by the Companies and Limited Liability Partnerships (Accounts and Audit Exemptions and Change of
Accounting Framework) Regulations 2012. In addition, TI Fluid Systems plc will guarantee any contingent and
prospective liabilities that these subsidiaries are subject to.
34. Auditors’ Remuneration
Services provided by the Company’s Auditors and its associates
During the year, the Group obtained the following services from PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, the Company’s
Auditors:
2022
2021
€m
€m
Fees payable to the Company’s Auditor and its associates for the audit of
the Parent Company and the Group financial statements
3.5
2.9
Fees payable to the Company’s Auditor and its associates for the audit of
the Company’s subsidiaries
0.8
1.0
Other assurance services
0.2
0.5
Total
4.5
4.4
Other assurance services of €0.2 million (2021: €0.5 million) relate to the review of published half year interim
reports, and in 2021 only, refinancing activities.
35. Related Party Transactions
At 31 December 2022 there is no ultimate controlling party of TI Fluid Systems plc.
35.1. Transactions with Group Companies
Balances and transactions between Group companies have been eliminated on consolidation, and are not
disclosed in this note except for subsidiaries that are not wholly owned. Transactions with those companies are
made on the Group’s standard terms of trade.
The Group holds 97% of the shares in Bundy India Ltd. At 31 December 2022, Bundy India Ltd had trade and
loan receivables net of payables to other Group undertakings amounting to €4.3 million (2021: €0.6 million net
trade and loan payables) and made sales within the Group during the year of €3.3 million (2021: €2.4 million).
98
36. Events After the Balance Sheet Date
There have been no events after the balance sheet date which require disclosure, or adjustment, to the
Group's year-end financial position.
37. Glossary of Terms
EBITDA
Profit or loss before tax, net finance expense, depreciation, amortisation and impairment of tangible and
intangible assets, and associate share of profits or losses.
Adjusted EBITDA
EBITDA adjusted for exceptional operating costs, net foreign exchange gains/(losses), net restructuring charges,
associate share of profits or losses, associate dividends received and the impact of any business acquisitions or
disposals.
Adjusted EBIT
is defined as Adjusted EBITDA less depreciation, amortisation and non-exceptional impairment on tangible and
intangible assets net of depreciation and amortisation on purchase price accounting.
Constant currency
The statement of prior year results at current exchange rates to eliminate fluctuations in translation rates and
achieve a like-for-like comparison.
Revenue outperformance
The growth in revenue at constant currency compared to the growth in global light vehicle production
volumes.
Operating profit margin
Operating profit expressed as a percentage of revenue.
Adjusted Net Income
Profit or Loss for the year attributable to the ordinary shareholders before exceptional items adjusted to reflect
associate dividends received and eliminate the impact of net restructuring charges, foreign exchange gains or
losses and the impact of any business acquisitions or disposals.
Adjusted Basic EPS
Adjusted Net Income divided by the weighted average number of shares in issue in the year.
99
Free Cash Flow
The total of net cash generated from operating activities and net cash used by investing activities.
Adjusted Free Cash Flow
Free Cash Flow adjusted for cash movements in financial assets at fair value through the profit or loss, cash
payments related to IPO costs, net cash flows relating to restructuring, settlement of derivatives and the
impact of any business acquisitions or disposals. The restructuring cash adjustment is made to align the
treatment of restructuring with the other adjusted measures.
Net debt
The total of current and non-current borrowings excluding lease liabilities, net of cash and cash equivalents and
financial assets at fair value through the profit and loss.
Net leverage
Net debt divided by last 12 months' Adjusted EBITDA.
GLVP / LVP
Global Light Vehicle Production of light vehicles.
FCS
Fluid Carrying Systems, a division of the Group which supplies Brake & Fuel lines and Thermal products.
FTDS
Fuel Tanks and Delivery Systems, a division of the Group that supplies fuel tanks and fuel pumps and modules.
EV
Electric Vehicles including BEV and HEV.
BEV
Battery Electric Vehicles.
HEV
Hybrid Electric Vehicles, excluding mild hybrid vehicles.
PHEV
Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles.
FHEV
Full Hybrid Electric vehicles, includes PHEV and self charging HEV
MHEV
Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicles, which only have modest electrification
ICE
Internal Combustion Engine.
OEM
100
Original Equipment Manufacturer, used to refer to vehicle manufacturers the main customers of the Group.
101
Company Financial Statements
Company Balance Sheet
At 31 December
2022
2021
Note
€m
€m
Non-current assets
Investments in subsidiaries
4
922.1
912.5
922.1
912.5
Current assets
Loans due from related parties
5
1.3
16.3
Trade and other receivables
6
0.2
0.3
Cash and cash equivalents
0.9
7.3
2.4
23.9
Total assets
924.5
936.4
Equity
Share capital
7
6.8
6.8
Share premium
7
2.2
2.2
Retained earnings
890.7
886.7
Total equity
899.7
895.7
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
8
2.4
0.9
Loans due to related parties
9
22.2
39.8
24.6
40.7
Total liabilities
24.6
40.7
Total equity and liabilities
924.3
936.4
As permitted by section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 the Company has elected not to present its own
Income Statement for the year. The profit for the year was €19.2 million (2021: €54.3million).
The financial statements on pages [xx] to [xx] were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 15 March
2023 and were signed on its behalf by:
Hans Dieltjens Ronald Hundzinski
Chief Executive Officer and President Chief Financial Officer
102
Company Statement of Changes in Equity
For the year ended 31 December
Ordinary
shares
Share
premium
Retained
earnings
Total
equity
€m
€m
€m
€m
Balance at 1 January 2022
6.8
2.2
886.7
895.7
Profit for the year
—
—
19.2
19.2
Share-based expense
—
—
9.6
9.6
Purchase of own shares
—
—
(11.4)
(11.4)
Issue of own shares from Employee Benefit Trust
—
—
—
—
Vested share awards
—
—
(0.8)
(0.8)
Dividends paid
—
—
(12.6)
(12.6)
Balance at 31 December 2022
6.8
2.2
890.7
899.7
Ordinary
shares
Share
premium
Retained
earnings
Total
equity
€m
€m
€m
€m
Balance at 1 January 2021
6.8
2.2
878.7
887.7
Profit for the year
—
—
54.3
54.3
Share-based expense
—
—
6.8
6.8
Purchase of own shares
—
—
(8.3)
(8.3)
Issue of own shares from Employee Benefit Trust
—
—
1.1
1.1
Vested share awards
—
—
(0.9)
(0.9)
Dividend paid
—
—
(45.0)
(45.0)
Balance at 31 December 2021
6.8
2.2
886.7
895.7
103
Notes to the Company Financial Statements
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these financial statements are set out below.
These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.
1.1. Basis of Preparation
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard
101 'Reduced Disclosure Framework' and the UK Companies Act 2006.
Financial Reporting Standard 101 ('FRS 101') is a UK standard which sets out a reduced disclosure framework
for the financial reporting requirements and disclosure exemptions of qualifying entities, which otherwise
apply the requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards. The Company has prepared its financial
statements in accordance with FRS 101 to take advantage of the reduced disclosures available as the Company
meets the definition of a qualifying entity.
Summary of disclosure exemptions
The following exemptions from the requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") have
been applied in the preparation of these financial statements in accordance with FRS 101:
• The following paragraphs of IAS 1, 'Presentation of financial statements'
• 10(d) (statement of cash flows);
• 10(f) (statement of financial position as at the beginning of the preceding period);
• 16 (statement of compliance with all IFRS);
• 38A (requirement for minimum of two primary statements, including cash flow statements);
• 38B-D (additional comparative information);
• 40A-D requirements for a third statement of financial position);
• 111 (cash flow statement information), and;
• 134-136 (capital management disclosures)
• Paragraph 38 of IAS 1 'Presentation of financial statements' comparative information
requirements in respect of paragraph 79 (a) (iv) of IAS 1 'Presentation of financial statements'
• IAS 7, 'Statement of cash flows'
• Paragraph 30 and 31 of IAS 8 'Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors'
(requirement for the disclosure of information when an entity has not applied a new IFRS that
has been issued but is not yet effective).
• IFRS 7, 'Financial instruments: Disclosures'
• Paragraph 17 and 18A of IAS 24, 'Related party disclosures' (key management compensation)
• Paragraphs 91 to 99 of IFRS 13 'IFRS 'Fair value measurement' (disclosure of valuation
techniques and inputs used for fair value measurement of assets and liabilities
104
• The requirements in IAS 24, 'Related party disclosures' to disclose related party transactions
entered into between two or more members of a group.
The Company is eligible to apply the above exemptions as it is included in the consolidated financial statements
of TI Fluid Systems plc who prepare financial statements under IFRS and include the above disclosures. Where
required, equivalent notes are given in the consolidated financial statements of TI Fluid Systems plc.
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, except for financial assets
and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (‘FVTPL’).
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with FRS 101 requires the use of estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenue
and expenses during the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on management’s reasonable
knowledge of the amount, event or actions, actual results may differ from those estimates.
1.1.1. Going Concern
After making enquiries, the Directors are of the opinion that the Group has adequate resources to continue in
operational existence for at least 12 months from the date of approval of its financial statements. The
Company therefore continues to adopt the going concern basis in preparing its financial statements. See Note
1.1.1 of the consolidated financial statements for further information.
1.1.2. Functional and Presentation Currency
These financial statements are presented in Euro, which is the Company’s functional currency. All financial
information presented in Euro has been rounded to the nearest 100,000 except where stated otherwise.
1.2. Foreign Currencies
Transactions in foreign currencies are converted to the functional currency at exchange rates at the dates of
the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are
converted to the functional currency at the exchange rate at that date. Non-monetary items that are measured
at historical cost in a foreign currency are converted using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.
All transactional foreign currency differences are included in the Income Statement.
The average and year-end exchange rates for the Company’s principal currencies are disclosed in the
consolidated financial statements.
105
1.3. Investments in Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are all entities (including structured entities) over which the Company has control. The Company
controls an entity when the Company is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with
the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity.
Investments in subsidiaries are recorded in the Company’s balance sheet at cost. The investments are subject
to a periodic impairment review, to identify the existence of any indicators of impairment. Should indicators be
identified, the carrying value is subject to an impairment assessment with any resulting diminution of the
carrying value recognised in the Income Statement.
Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred in accordance with IFRS 3 ‘Business Combinations’.
1.4. Financial Instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly
attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities, other than financial assets and
financial liabilities at ‘fair value through profit or loss’ (‘FVTPL’) are added to or deducted from the fair value of
the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly
attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at FVTPL are expensed as incurred.
1.4.1. Financial Assets
Financial assets are classified into ‘financial assets at amortised cost’ and 'financial assets at FVTPL’. The
classification is determined at the time of initial recognition and depends on the Company's business model for
managing the financial assets and whether the contractual cash flows represent solely payments of principal
and interest.
Financial assets at amortised cost
Assets that are held for collection of contractual cash flows, where those cash flows represent solely payments
of principal and interest, are measured at amortised cost. Interest income from these financial assets is
included in finance income using the effective interest rate method. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition is
recognised directly in profit or loss. The Company’s financial assets at amortised cost comprise ‘loans due from
related parties’, 'other receivables' and ‘cash and cash equivalents’.
Financial assets at FVTPL
A financial asset is classified in this category if it does not meet the criteria for recognition as a financial asset
at amortised cost. Derivatives are classified in this category unless they are designated as in hedging
relationships.
106
Impairment of financial assets
The Company recognises a loss allowance for expected credit losses ('ECL') on financial assets at amortised
cost. The amount of expected credit losses is updated at each reporting date to reflect changes in credit risk
since initial recognition of the respective financial instrument.
For loans due from related parties, the Company recognises expected credit losses that will result from all
possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument 'lifetime ECL'. The Company also
assesses on a forward-looking basis the expected credit losses associated with the loans due from related
parties.
For all other financial instruments, the Company recognises lifetime ECL only when there has been a significant
increase in credit risk since initial recognition. If the credit risk on the financial instrument has not increased
significantly since initial recognition, the Company measures the loss allowance for that financial instrument at
an amount equal to the portion of lifetime ECL that is expected to result from default events on the financial
instrument that are possible within 12 months after the reporting date.
In assessing whether the credit risk on a financial instrument has increased significantly since initial
recognition, the Company compares the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument at the reporting
date with the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument at the date of initial recognition. In making
this assessment, the Company considers an actual or expected significant deterioration in the financial
instrument’s external credit rating where available; significant deterioration in external market indicators of
credit risk for a particular financial instrument e.g. a significant increase in the credit spread or the credit
default swap prices for the debtor, indications that any debtor is experiencing significant financial difficulty,
default or delinquency in payments, an increase in the probability that any debtor will enter bankruptcy, or
other financial reorganisation, and where observable data indicate that there is a measurable decrease in the
estimated future cash flows, such as changes in arrears or economic conditions that correlate with defaults.
1.4.2. Financial Liabilities
Financial liabilities are classified as either ‘financial liabilities at amortised cost’ or 'financial liabilities at FVTPL'.
Financial liabilities are recognised initially on the date at which the Company becomes party to the contractual
provisions of the instrument.
107
Financial liabilities at amortised cost
The classification of financial liabilities at amortised cost is determined at the time of initial recognition and
depends on the Group's business model for managing the financial liabilities and whether the contractual cash
flows represent solely payments of principal and interest. Liabilities at amortised cost, including ‘loans due to
related parties’ and trade and other payables, are measured using the effective interest method, which
calculates the amortised cost of a financial liability and allocates interest expense over its term. The effective
interest rate discounts estimated cash payments (including all fees, transaction costs and premiums) through
the expected life of the financial liability, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.
Financial liabilities at FVTPL
A financial liability is classified in this category if it does not meet the criteria for recognition as a financial
liability at amortised cost. Derivatives are classified in this category unless they are designated as in hedging
relationships.
1.5. Trade and Other Payables
Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of
business from suppliers. Accrued expenses are recognised when ownership of goods or services has been
transferred but not invoiced. Trade and other payables are recognised at amortised cost.
1.6. Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and call deposits with original maturities of three months or
less.
1.7. Share Capital
Ordinary shares of the Company are classified as equity. Costs directly attributable to the issue of ordinary
shares and share options are recognised in equity as a deduction, net of any tax effects from the proceeds.
1.8. Taxation
The tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Income Statement,
except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income and equity.
Current tax
Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable profit or loss for the year, using tax rates
enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of
previous periods.
108
Deferred tax
Deferred income tax is measured using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted
by the reporting date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the
deferred income tax liability is settled.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are recognised
for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available
against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised.
Deferred income tax is provided on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries and associates,
except for deferred income tax liabilities where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is
controlled by the Company and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable
future.
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current
tax assets against current tax liabilities and when the deferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income
taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities
where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.
1.9. Exceptional Items
Exceptional items are defined as those items that, by virtue of their nature, size and expected frequency,
warrant separate additional disclosure in the financial statements in order to fully understand the underlying
performance of the Company.
1.10. Dividends
Receivable
Dividends from investments of the Company and dividends receivable by the Company are recognised when
the right to receive payment is established.
Payable
Dividends payable to the Company’s shareholders are recognised in the Statement of Changes in Equity in the
period in which they are approved.
2. Income Statement
As permitted by section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 the Company has elected not to present its own
Income Statement for the year. The profit for the year was €19.2 million (2021: €54.3 million profit).
109
3. Directors’ Remuneration
The Company has no employees (2021: nil). Full information on Directors’ remuneration is disclosed in the
consolidated financial statements. Non-Executive Director remuneration costs of €0.9 million (2021: €1.0
million) have been borne by the Company. All other costs have been met by other subsidiaries of the Group.
4. Investments in Subsidiaries
2022
2021
€m €m
At 1 January
912.5
905.7
Share-based cost
9.6
6.8
At 31 December
922.1
912.5
Investments in subsidiary undertakings are recorded at cost, which was the fair value of the consideration paid.
No impairments have been recorded.
The grant by the Company of share-based awards over its equity instruments to the employees of subsidiary
undertakings in the Group is treated as a capital contribution. The fair value of employee services received in
the year of €9.6 million (2021: €6.8 million) measured by reference to the grant date fair value, is recognised
over the vesting period as an increase to investment in subsidiary undertakings, with a corresponding credit to
equity. Refer to Note 10 of the consolidated financial statements for more information.
The Company’s subsidiary undertakings, including its operating and non-operating subsidiaries, are as follows:
Ownership
interest
and voting
rights held
2022
Ownership
interest
and voting
rights held
2021
Address of registered office
Americas
TI Group Automotive
Systems LLC*
US 100 %
100 %
2020 Taylor Road, Auburn Hills, MI 48326
TI Automotive LLC*
US
100 %
100 %
2020 Taylor Road, Auburn Hills, MI 48326
Hanil USA LLC*
US
100 %
100 %
50 Hanil Drive, Tallassee, Alabama, 36078
Hutchings
International
Enterprises Inc.
(Dormant)
US 100 %
100 %
2020 Taylor Road, Auburn Hills, MI 48326
Omega Newco Sub
Inc.*
US 100 %
100 %
1209 Orange Street, City of Wilmington, New
Castle 19801
TI Automotive
Ligonier
Corporation*
US 100 %
100 %
925 North Main Street, Ligonier, IN 46767
TI Automotive
Canada Inc.*
Canada 100 %
100 %
316 Orenda Road, Bramalea, Ontario, Canada,
L6T 1G3
TI Group Automotive
Systems S de RL de
CV
Mexico 100 %
100 %
Mike Allen S/N, Parque Industrial Reynosa –
Seccion Norte, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico
88780
TI Automotive
Reynosa S de RL de
CV
Mexico 100 %
100 %
Mike Allen S/N, Parque Industrial Reynosa –
Seccion Norte, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico
88780
110
Ownership
interest
and voting
rights held
2022
Ownership
interest
and voting
rights held
2021
Address of registered office
TI-Hanil Mexico S de
RL de CV
Mexico 100 %
100 %
Mike Allen S/N, Parque Industrial Reynosa –
Seccion Norte, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico
88780
Fabricaciones
Electromecanicas SA
de CV (Dormant)
Mexico 100 %
100 %
Via Jose Lopez Portillo 8-A, Tultitlan, Estado de
Mexico, Mexico 54940
Marwal de Mexico
SA de CV
Mexico 100 %
100 %
Via Jose Lopez Portillo 8-A, Tultitlan, Estado de
Mexico, Mexico 54940
TI Brasil Industria e
Comercio Ltda
Brazil 100 %
100 %
Rodovia Presidente Dutra, Km 145,7 Sao Jose
dos Campos, SP-Brasil CEP 12220-611
Bundy Colombia SAS Colombia 100 %
100 %
Carrera 13A No 6-98 Parque Industrial
Montana, Mosquero, Cundinamarca, 34225
TI Automotive
Argentina SA
Argentina 100 %
100 %
Uruguay 4351, Victoria, San Fernando, Buenos
Aires, Argentina, B1644 HKO
Europe and Africa
Omega Acquisition
Bidco Ltd*
UK 100 %
100 %
4650 Kingsgate, Cascade Way, Oxford Business
Park South, Oxford OX4 2SU
TI Automotive
Korean Won Hedgco
Ltd*
UK 100 %
100 %
4650 Kingsgate, Cascade Way, Oxford Business
Park South, Oxford OX4 2SU
TI Automotive
Korean Won Hedgco
II Ltd*
UK 100 %
100 %
4650 Kingsgate, Cascade Way, Oxford Business
Park South, Oxford OX4 2SU
Omega Newco Sub I
Ltd (Dormant)**
UK 100 %
100 %
4650 Kingsgate, Cascade Way, Oxford Business
Park South, Oxford OX4 2SU
Omega Newco Sub II
Ltd (Dormant)**
UK 100 %
100 %
4650 Kingsgate, Cascade Way, Oxford Business
Park South, Oxford OX4 2SU
TIFS Holdings Ltd* UK 100 %
100 %
4650 Kingsgate, Cascade Way, Oxford Business
Park South, Oxford OX4 2SU
TI Automotive Ltd* UK 100 %
100 %
4650 Kingsgate, Cascade Way, Oxford Business
Park South, Oxford OX4 2SU
TI Automotive
Holdings Ltd*
UK 100 %
100 %
4650 Kingsgate, Cascade Way, Oxford Business
Park South, Oxford OX4 2SU
TI Automotive Euro
Holdings Ltd*
UK 100 %
100 %
4650 Kingsgate, Cascade Way, Oxford Business
Park South, Oxford OX4 2SU
TI Automotive USA
Holdings Ltd*
UK 100 %
100 %
4650 Kingsgate, Cascade Way, Oxford Business
Park South, Oxford OX4 2SU
TI Group Automotive
Systems Ltd*
UK 100 %
100 %
4650 Kingsgate, Cascade Way, Oxford Business
Park South, Oxford OX4 2SU
TI Group Automotive
Systems (Deeside)
Ltd*
UK 100 %
100 %
4650 Kingsgate, Cascade Way, Oxford Business
Park South, Oxford OX4 2SU
TI Group Automotive
Systems (UK) Ltd*
UK 100 %
100 %
4650 Kingsgate, Cascade Way, Oxford Business
Park South, Oxford OX4 2SU
TI Automotive
Canada Holdings
Ltd*
UK 100 %
100 %
4650 Kingsgate, Cascade Way, Oxford Business
Park South, Oxford OX4 2SU
TI Automotive
(China) Ltd*
UK 100 %
100 %
4650 Kingsgate, Cascade Way, Oxford Business
Park South, Oxford OX4 2SU
TI Automotive Czech
Holdings (UK) Ltd
UK 100 %
100 %
4650 Kingsgate, Cascade Way, Oxford Business
Park South, Oxford OX4 2SU
TI Automotive
German Holdings
(UK) Ltd*
UK 100 %
100 %
4650 Kingsgate, Cascade Way, Oxford Business
Park South, Oxford OX4 2SU
Hanil Tube Holdings
Ltd
UK 100 %
100 %
4650 Kingsgate, Cascade Way, Oxford Business
Park South, Oxford OX4 2SU
111
Ownership
interest
and voting
rights held
2022
Ownership
interest
and voting
rights held
2021
Address of registered office
TI Automotive
Finance plc*
UK 100 %
100 %
4650 Kingsgate, Cascade Way, Oxford Business
Park South, Oxford OX4 2SU
TI Automotive
Nominees Ltd
(Dormant)**
UK 0 %
100 %
4650 Kingsgate, Cascade Way, Oxford Business
Park South, Oxford OX4 2SU
TI Automotive
Pension Plan Trustee
Ltd (Dormant)**
UK 100 %
100 %
4650 Kingsgate, Cascade Way, Oxford Business
Park South, Oxford OX4 2SU
TI Group Automotive
Systems (Belgium)
SA*
Belgium 100 %
100 %
Rue Wérihet 61, B-4020 Wandre (Liège)
TI Automotive AC sro
Czech
Republic
100 %
100 %
Belgická 4727/17, Rýnovice, 466 05 Jablonec
nad Nisou
TI Group Automotive
Systems sro
Czech
Republic
100 %
100 %
Belgická 4727/17, Rýnovice, 466 05 Jablonec
nad Nisou
TI Automotive
France Holdings SAS
France 100 %
100 %
1, avenue Ampère, Zone Industrielle, 51000
Châlons-en Champagne, France
TI Automotive Fuel
Systems SAS
France 100 %
100 %
1, avenue Ampère, Zone Industrielle, 51000
Châlons-en Champagne, France
TI Group Automotive
Systems SAS
France 100 %
100 %
Z.I. Bld de l’industrie 37530 Nazelles-Negron,
France
TI Automotive
Holdings GmbH*
Germany 100 %
100 %
Dischingerstr. 11, 69123 Heidelberg
TI Automotive
(Ettlingen) GmbH*
Germany 100 %
100 %
Hertzstrasse 24-30, 76275 Ettlingen
TI Automotive
(Fuldabruck) GmbH*
Germany 100 %
100 %
Industriestrasse 3, 34277 Fuldabruck
TI Automotive
(Heidelberg) GmbH*
Germany 100 %
100 %
Dischingerstr. 11, 69123 Heidelberg
TI Automotive
Systems Germany
GmbH*
Germany 100 %
100 %
Dischingerstr. 11, 69123 Heidelberg
TI Automotive
Engineering Centre
(Heidelberg) GmbH*
Germany 100 %
100 %
Dischingerstr. 11, 69123 Heidelberg
TI Automotive
Technology Center
GmbH*
Germany 100 %
100 %
Lochfeldstraße 31, 76437 Rastatt
TI Automotive
(Hungary) Kft
Hungary 100 %
100 %
H-9027, Györ, Körtefa utca, 6.ép
TI Automotive Italia
Holdings Srl
Italy 100 %
100 %
Via Mosè Bianchi, 71-20149 Milano
TI Automotive
Cisliano Srl
Italy 100 %
100 %
Via Abbiategrasso, 20080 Cisliano (MI)
TI Automotive
Brindisi Srl
Italy 100 %
100 %
Via Pinan, 2-16012 Busalla (GE)
TI Group Automotive
Systems SpA
Italy 100 %
100 %
Via Pinan, 2-16012 Busalla (GE)
TI Poland sp.zo.o* Poland 100 %
100 %
Bestwin´ska 143 a, Bielsko-Biala, 43-346,
Poland
LLC TI Automotive Russia 100 %
100 %
Russian Federation 188643, Leningradskaya
region,
Vsevolozhsk, Vsevolozhskiy prospect, 113
112
Ownership
interest
and voting
rights held
2022
Ownership
interest
and voting
rights held
2021
Address of registered office
Hanil RUS LLC Russia 100 %
100 %
Russian Federation 188643, Leningradskaya
region,
Vsevolozhsk, Vsevolozhskiy prospect, 113
TI-Hanil Slovakia
s.r.o. (Liquidated)
Slovakia 0 %
100 %
Krásno nad Kysucou 2203, 023 02 Krásno nad
Kysucou, Slovakia
TI Automotive
Slovakia s.r.o
(Dormant)
Slovakia 100 %
100 %
Prilohy 46, Zavar, Slovakia, 91926
TI Automotive
proizvodnja
avtomobilskih delov,
d.o.o.
Slovenia 100 %
100 %
Belokranjska cesta 4, 8000 Novo mesto
TI Automotive
Morocco Sarl
Morocco
100 %
100 %
Zone Franche D’Exportation, Ilot 62, lot 2, PL1,
90090,
Tangier, Morocco
TI Automotive
Thermal Morocco
Sarl***
Morocco 0 %
100 %
Tangier Automotive City, Lot 111 -11bis, Tangier,
Morocco
TI Group Automotive
Systems (South
Africa) (Pty) Ltd
South
Africa
100 %
100 %
62 Palmgate Crescent, Southgate Business Park,
Umbogintwini, 4026, South Africa
TI Automotive Fuel
Systems (South
Africa) (Pty) Ltd
South
Africa
100 %
100 %
EW1 Building Zone 1A, Mdubu Road,
Sunnyridge, East London 5208, South Africa
TI Automotive
Pamplona SL
Spain 100 %
100 %
Polígono Industrial Comarca 1, calle E, s/n.
31195 Berrioplano (Navarra), Spain
TI Group Automotive
Systems SA
Spain 100 %
100 %
Carretera. San Adrián-La Roca, Km. 15,9, 08170
Montornés del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
TI Group Automotive
Systems Spain
Holdings S.L.
Spain 100 %
100 %
Carretera. San Adrián-La Roca, Km. 15,9, 08170
Montornés del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
TI Group Automotive
Systems AB
Sweden 100 %
100 %
PO Box 904, 531 19 Lidkoping, Sweden
TI Otomotiv Sanayi
ve Ticaret Ltd
Turkey 100 %
100 %
Nosab Sedir Cad. 203. Sok. No: 6 16140 Nilüfer
Bursa
Asia Pacific
Bundy Fluid Systems
Co Ltd
China 100 %
100 %
No. 57 Longhai Road ETDZ, Qinhuangdao City
Bundy Fluid Systems
(Chongqing) Co Ltd
China 100 %
100 %
Building C1, Zone C, Number 5 Workshop,
Standard Workshop Project Phase 1, Huachao
Industrial Park, Cuiyun Road, Northern New
District, Chongqing
Bundy Fluid Systems
(Shanghai) Co Ltd
China 100 %
100 %
34 Bundy Workshop, 409 Hua Jing Road,
Waigaoqiao FTZ, Shanghai
TI Automotive
(Tianjin) Co Ltd
China 100 %
100 %
No.6 Xiang‘an Road, TEDA Tianjin
TI Automotive
Systems
(Changchun) Co Ltd
China 100 %
100 %
2599 Zi Bo Rd., Economic Technological
Development Zone, Changchun
TI Automotive
Systems (Shanghai)
Co Ltd
China 100 %
100 %
Bld 1, Bld 2, No 100 Yin Long Road, Jiading
District, Shanghai
113
Ownership
interest
and voting
rights held
2022
Ownership
interest
and voting
rights held
2021
Address of registered office
TI Fluid Systems
(Chengdu) Ltd
China 100 %
100 %
No 1 Building, Aerospace Sega Science &
Technology Industrial Park, No 889 Wenbai
Avenue, Baihe Subdistrict, Economic &
Technological Development Zone (Longquanyi
District), Chengdu, Sichuan
Wuhan Bundy Fluid
Systems Co Ltd
China 100 %
100 %
Wuhan Economic & Technological
Development Zone
TI Automotive (Hong
Kong) Holdings Ltd
Hong
Kong
100 %
100 %
Suite 1B, 8/F., Sino Plaza, 255-257 Gloucester
Road, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong
Bundy India Ltd India 97 %
97 %
Plot 2 GIDC Industrial Estate, Makarpura,
Baroda, 390010, India
Hanil Tube India
Private Ltd
India 100 %
100 %
B-75, SIPCOT Industrial Area, Chennai 600-058,
Tamu Nadu
PT TI Automotive
Indonesia
Indonesia
100 %
100 %
Jl. Cempaka Raya km.37, Jatimulya, Bekasi,
Tambun Selatan, Jawa Barat
TI Automotive Japan
Ltd
Japan 100 %
100 %
3-29-1 Tsuruya-Cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-
city, Kanagawa Pref, Japan, 221-0835
Hanil Tube
Corporation
South
Korea
100 %
100 %
17, Wonjeon-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon, Korea 22744
TI Automotive Ltd
(Korea)
South
Korea
100 %
100 %
708, Baeksuk-Dong, Cheonan City, Chungnam,
330220
TI Automotive
(Thailand) Ltd
Thailand 100 %
100 %
700/652 Moo 1, Amata Nakorn Industrial
Estate,
Tambon PanThong, Amphur PhanThong,
Chonburi, Thailand, 20160
TI Automotive ROH
(Thailand) Ltd
Thailand 100 %
100 %
700/652 Moo 1, Amata Nakorn Industrial
Estate, Tambon PanThong, Amphur PhanThong,
Chonburi, Thailand, 20160
* Companies identified by an asterisk, together with certain other smaller subsidiaries, are guarantors to
the 2015 term loan agreements of TI Group Automotive Systems LLC.
** Companies that are dormant in the UK and are exempt from preparing individual financial statements by
virtue of section 394A of Companies Act 2006.
*** the Company merged with TI Automotive Morocco Sarl.
All companies above are incorporated and unless dormant, operate principally in the country indicated. All
companies operate in the global automotive component supply sector. Omega Acquisition Bidco Ltd is the only
immediate subsidiary of the Company.
5. Loans Due from Related Parties
2022
2021
€m
€m
Loans due from related parties
1.3
16.3
Loans due from a related party at 31 December 2022 comprised one amount drawn against a Euro-
denominated intercompany facility agreement from a subsidiary undertaking totalling €1.3 million (2021: €16.3
million). The loan is repayable in full on demand and bore interest at a fixed rate of 4.14% (2021: loans bearing
interest at rates from 3.73% to 4.14%) according to the agreed facility.
114
6. Trade and Other Receivables
2022
2021
€m
€m
Other receivables
0.2
0.3
The Company has paid directly certain PAYE obligations of the CEO and CFO, which are recoverable in full.
Details are disclosed in the Remuneration Report. See page [xx].
7. Issued Share Capital
Authorised, issued and fully paid-
up
Number of
shares
Nominal
value of
each
share
Ordinary
shares
Ordinary
shares
Share
premium
Total
£m
€m
€m
€m
At 31 December 2021
520,269,141
£0.01
5.2
6.8
2.2
9.0
At 31 December 2022
520,269,141
£0.01
5.2
6.8
2.2
9.0
The Company holds shares in the TI Fluid Systems Employee Benefit Trust ('EBT') for the purpose of satisfying
awards made to employees under the TI Fluid Systems plc Long Term Incentive Plan and Deferred Bonus Plan.
Such shares are shown as a deduction to equity in the Statement of Changes in Equity and are not treated as
outstanding for the purposes of calculating earnings per share.
The movements in ordinary shares held by the EBT in the current and prior year were as follows:
Number of
shares
€m
At 1 January 2021
1,499,907
3.3
Release to satisfy Deferred Bonus Plan
(333,427)
(0.7)
Release to satisfy vested conditional share awards
(197,603)
(0.4)
Market purchase
2,962,296
8.3
At 31 December 2021
3,931,173
10.5
Release to satisfy vested conditional share awards
(462,291)
(1.0)
Market purchase
4,209,646
11.4
At 31 December 2022
7,678,528
20.9
The Company is a public limited company which is incorporated and domiciled in England and Wales, with
registered number 09402231.
8. Trade and Other Payables
2022
2021
€m
€m
Trade payables
1.0
—
Other payables
1.1
0.4
Accrued expenses
0.3
0.5
Total trade and other payables
2.4
0.9
115
9. Loans Due to Related Parties
2022
2021
€m
€m
Loans due to related parties
22.2
39.8
Loans due to related parties at 31 December 2022 included €nil drawn against Euro-denominated
intercompany facility agreements from subsidiary undertakings (2021: €24.1 million). In the prior year the
loans were repayable in full on demand and therefore have been classified as currently payable. They bore
interest at six-month EURIBOR plus a margin between 2.75% and 4.25%.
Additionally, at the year end, a subsidiary undertaking of the Company had loaned funds of €22.2 million to the
Company's Employee Benefit Trust (EBT) (2020: €15.7 million), which is consolidated in accordance with Note
1.2 of the consolidated financial statements.
10. Contingent Liabilities
The following UK subsidiary undertakings are exempt from the requirements of the UK Companies Act 2006,
relating to the audit of individual accounts by virtue of section 479A of the Act.
Name
Company Number
Omega Acquisition Bidco Ltd
9402426
TI Automotive Korean Won Hedgeco Ltd
9855008
TI Automotive Korean Won Hedgeco II Ltd
5633329
TIFS Holdings Limited
7060030
TI Automotive Ltd
4097913
TI Automotive Euro Holdings Ltd
5265489
TI Automotive USA Holdings Limited
5265459
TI Group Automotive Systems Ltd
581742
TI Group Automotive Systems (Deeside) Ltd
3061637
TI Automotive Holdings Ltd
4174232
TI Automotive Czech Holdings (UK) Ltd
6241709
TI Automotive German Holdings (UK) Limited
6243326
TI Group Automotive Systems (UK) Ltd
784687
TI Automotive (China) Ltd
4081361
Hanil Tube Holdings Ltd
6258095
TI Automotive Canada Holdings Ltd
5546464
Omega Newco Sub I Limited
9402268
Omega Newco Sub II limited
9402316
TI Automotive Nominees Ltd
4234035
TI Automotive Pension Plan Trustee Ltd
4310096
TI Fluid Systems plc will guarantee all outstanding liabilities that these subsidiaries are subject to as at the
financial year ended 31 December 2022 in accordance with section 479C of the UK Companies Act 2006, as
amended by the Companies and Limited Liability Partnerships (Accounts and Audit Exemptions and Change of
116
Accounting Framework) Regulations 2012. In addition, TI Fluid Systems plc will guarantee any contingent and
prospective liabilities that these subsidiaries are subject to.
11. Events After the Balance Sheet Date
There have been no events after the balance sheet date which require disclosure, or adjustment, to the
Company's year end financial position.
117
Group Financial Record
Consolidated Income Statement
For the years ended 31 December
Unaudited
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
Revenue
3,268.3
2,956.6
2,814.5
3,411.1
3,472.8
Cost of sales
(2,938.0)
(2,626.8)
(2,493.1)
(2,922.7)
(2,938.2)
Exceptional items
(100.3)
—
(120.4)
—
—
Gross profit
230.0
329.8
201.0
488.4
534.6
Distribution costs
(112.1)
(93.9)
(83.7)
(95.0)
(102.4)
Administrative expenses before exceptional items
(119.0)
(105.8)
(145.1)
(141.7)
(164.5)
Exceptional items
(217.1)
—
(184.2)
—
—
Administrative expenses after exceptional items
(336.1)
(105.8)
(329.3)
(141.7)
(164.5)
Other income
1.9
3.6
8.5
6.7
12.2
Net foreign exchange (losses)/gains
(0.7)
(6.9)
27.2
0.5
1.2
Operating profit/(loss)
(217.0)
126.8
(176.3)
258.9
281.1
Finance income
5.7
3.1
3.5
15.0
14.3
Finance expense before exceptional items
(64.4)
(63.1)
(77.5)
(72.5)
(67.0)
Exceptional items
—
(11.8)
—
—
(11.8)
Finance expense after exceptional items
(64.4)
(74.9)
(77.5)
(72.5)
(78.8)
Net finance expense after exceptional items
(58.7)
(71.8)
(74.0)
(57.5)
(64.5)
Share of (loss)/profit of associates
—
(0.9)
(3.5)
0.3
0.5
Profit/(loss) before income tax
(275.7)
54.1
(253.8)
201.7
217.1
Income tax expense before exceptional items
(23.4)
(40.9)
(28.1)
(57.1)
(77.0)
Exceptional items
20.1
2.8
29.7
—
—
Income tax (expense)/credit after exceptional items
(3.3)
(38.1)
1.6
(57.1)
(77.0)
Profit/(loss) for the year
(279.0)
16.0
(252.2)
144.6
140.1
Profit/(loss) for the year attributable to:
Owners of the Parent Company
(279.1)
14.3
(254.1)
141.6
137.8
Non-controlling interests
0.1
1.7
1.9
3.0
2.3
(279.0)
16.0
(252.2)
144.6
140.1
118
Consolidated Balance Sheet
At 31 December
Unaudited
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
€m
€m
€m
€m
€m
Non-current assets
Intangible assets
603.9
884.8
883.8
1,182.2
1,229.8
Right-of-use assets
105.3
125.2
124.9
161.4
—
Property, plant and equipment
531.4
595.4
590.8
715.0
706.5
Investments in associates
—
—
14.6
19.2
19.6
Derivative financial instruments
—
—
—
—
5.4
Deferred income tax assets
105.2
70.5
62.4
25.1
34.9
Trade and other receivables
20.6
19.2
18.9
21.6
14.8
1,366.4
1,695.1
1,695.4
2,124.5
2,011.0
Current assets
Inventories
372.0
332.3
351.4
367.1
352.8
Trade and other receivables
542.0
520.5
534.8
574.5
578.3
Current income tax assets
7.9
11.4
13.7
13.7
4.4
Derivative financial instruments
2.8
0.9
0.4
18.4
8.5
Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss
—
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.2
Cash and cash equivalents
491.0
499.1
485.8
411.7
360.1
1,415.7
1,365.1
1,387.0
1,386.3
1,305.3
Total assets
2,782.1
3,060.2
3,082.4
3,510.8
3,316.3
Equity
Share capital
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.8
Share premium
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
1.4
Other reserves
(55.4)
(61.4)
(137.7)
(106.1)
(126.3)
Retained earnings
722.6
995.9
987.7
1,261.7
1,175.7
Equity attributable to owners of the Parent Company
676.2
943.5
859.0
1,164.6
1,057.6
Non-controlling interests
0.5
0.4
25.2
24.5
22.5
Total equity
676.7
943.9
884.2
1,189.1
1,080.1
Non-current liabilities
Trade and other payables
12.8
14.6
20.0
12.3
17.1
Borrowings
1,114.0
1,098.5
1,069.3
1,148.5
1,179.3
Lease liabilities
117.8
119.8
122.4
138.0
—
Derivative financial instruments
—
—
—
—
45.3
Deferred income tax liabilities
80.7
95.8
104.3
128.5
141.6
Retirement benefit obligations
104.2
128.1
160.7
153.7
148.2
Provisions
2.6
2.6
4.9
5.0
4.9
1,432.1
1,459.4
1,481.6
1,586.0
1,536.4
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
584.8
546.1
614.1
611.2
608.4
Current income tax liabilities
44.5
49.9
40.7
48.7
60.2
Borrowings
1.9
1.8
7.4
2.4
4.4
Lease liabilities
27.8
30.1
28.6
28.7
—
Derivative financial instruments
0.2
0.3
0.2
25.4
2.8
Provisions
14.0
28.7
25.6
19.3
24.0
673.2
656.9
716.6
735.7
699.8
Total liabilities
2,105.3
2,116.3
2,198.2
2,321.7
2,236.2
Total equity and liabilities
2,782.0
3,060.2
3,082.4
3,510.8
3,316.3
The consolidated financial record presents the financial results for those businesses that were part of the
Group for the years ended 31 December 2018 to 31 December 2022 inclusive.