third party under a ‘pass-through’ arrangement; and either (a) the Company has transferred
substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Company has neither
transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has
transferred control of the asset
When the Company has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has
entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, it has retained the
risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of
the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Company continues
to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of its continuing involvement. In that case, the
Company also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated
liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Company has
retained. IFRS
Investments
In the separate financial statements investments in subsidiaries are presented at cost according
to IAS 27. Cost at initial recognition is the paid amount in cash or cash equivalent, or the fair
value of other consideration given by the purchaser. Cost include those costs which are directly
attributable to the acquisition.
Investments in subsidiaries are subject to impairment test when indicator of potential impairment
exists. When an external or internal indicator of impairment exists, the recoverable amount has
to be determined and compared with the net investment. If the recoverable amount is materially
or permanently lower than the net investment, impairment should be recorded. If the
recoverable amount is materially or permanently higher than the net investment, impairment
reversal should be recorded.
The net recoverable amount is the present value of future cash flows of the investment
proportioned based on ownership.
Taxation
The amount of company tax is based on the taxation obligation defined according to the law on
corporate income tax and dividend taxes, which is modified by the deferred tax.
Deferred taxes are calculated using the balance sheet liability method. Deferred taxes reflect
the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and
liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates expected to apply to taxable
income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be realized or settled.
The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets reflects the tax
consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the balance
sheet date, to realize or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.
Deferred tax assets are recognized only if it is probable that sufficient taxable profits will be
available against which the deferred tax assets can be utilized. At each balance sheet date, the
Company re-assesses unrecognized deferred tax assets and the carrying amount of deferred
tax assets. The Company recognizes a previously unrecognized deferred tax asset to the extent
that it has become probable that future taxable profit will allow the deferred tax asset to be
recovered. The Company conversely reduces the carrying amount of a deferred tax asset to the
exte nt that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow the
benefit of part or that entire deferred tax asset to be utilized.
The Company classifies the local taxes and innovation contribution to income tax in profit and