7.1 Basis of preparation (continued)
Non -controlling interests
The non-controlling interests' shares of the profit
for the year, comprehensive income and of the
equity of subsidiaries not wholly owned are
included in the Group's net profit for the year,
comprehensive income and equity, respectively,
but are disclosed separately.
Non-controlling interests are initially measured
either at their fair value or as a proportionate
share of the acquired business's identifiable net
assets. The choice between these methods,
made on a transaction-by-transaction basis,
determines whether goodwill related to non-
controlling interests is recognized.
Foreign currency translation
A functional currency is determined for each of
the reporting entities in the Group. The
functional currency is the currency used in the
primary economic environment in which the
individual reporting entity operates.
Transactions denominated in currencies other
than the functional currency are considered
foreign currency transactions.
On initial recognition, foreign currency
transactions are translated to the functional
currency at the exchange rates at the transaction
date. Foreign exchange differences arising
between the exchange rates at the transaction
date and at the date of payment are recognised
in the income statement as financial income or
financial expenses.
Receivables, payables and other monetary items
denominated in foreign currencies are translated
to the functional currency at the exchange rates
at the end of the reporting period. The difference
between the exchange rates at the end of the
reporting period and at the date at which the
receivable or payable arose or was recognised in
the latest financial statements is recognised in
the income statement as financial income or
financial expenses.
In the consolidated financial statements, the
income statements of entities, joint ventures and
associates with another functional currency than
the presentation currency (EUR) are translated at
the exchange rates at the transaction date, and
the balance sheet items are translated at the
exchange rates at the end of the reporting
period. An average exchange rate for each
month is used as the transaction date exchange
rate to the extent that this does not significantly
distort the presentation of the underlying
transactions. Foreign exchange differences
arising on translation of the opening balance of
equity of such foreign entities at the exchange
rates at the end of the reporting period and on
translation of the income statements from the
exchange rates at the transaction date to the
exchange rates at the end of the reporting period
are recognised directly in other comprehensive
income and presented in equity under a separate
translation reserve. The exchange rate
adjustment is allocated between Egmont Fonden
and the non-controlling interests.
Foreign exchange adjustments of intra-group
balances which are considered part of the total
net investment in foreign entities with another
functional currency than the presentation
currency (EUR) are recognised in other
comprehensive income and presented in equity
under a separate translation reserve.
On disposal of wholly owned foreign entities,
associates or jointly controlled entities with
another functional currency than the presen-
tation currency (EUR), the exchange rate
adjustments that have been recognised in other
comprehensive income and are attributable to
the entity are reclassified from other comprehen-
sive income to the income statement together
with any gains or losses from the disposal.
On partial disposal of foreign subsidiaries with
another functional currency than the
presentation currency (EUR) without a loss of
control, a proportionate share of the translation
reserve is transferred from the Group to the non-
controlling interests’ share of equity.
On partial disposal of associates and jointly
controlled entities, the proportionate share of the
accumulated translation reserve recognised in
other comprehensive income is transferred to
the income statement for the year together with
any gains or losses from the disposal.
Cash flow statement
The cash flow effect of acquisitions and
disposals of businesses is shown separately in
cash flows from investing activities. Cash flows
from acquired businesses are recognised in the
cash flow statement from the date of acquisition,
and cash flows from disposals of businesses are
recognised until the date of disposal.
Cash flows from operating activities are calcu-
lated according to the indirect method as the
profit for the year before net financials, adjusted
for non-cash operating items, changes in
working capital and corporate income tax paid.
Cash flows from investing activities comprise
payments in connection with the acquisition and
disposal of businesses and activities and the
acquisition and disposal of intangible assets,
property, plant and equipment and other non-
current assets, as well as securities.
Cash flows from financing activities comprise the
raising of loans and repayment of interest-
bearing debt including lease liabilities, donations
made and transactions with non-controlling
interests.
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash and
marketable securities with a residual term of less
than three months at the acquisition date which
are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in
value. Cash flows in other currencies than the
functional currency are translated using average
exchange rates unless these deviate significantly
from the rates at the transaction date.